Natural Mineral Materials

verfasst von: Dr. Hideo Hashizume

Verlag: Springer Japan

Buchreihe : NIMS Monographs

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book presents natural minerals used as inorganic materials, and inorganic materials exchanging cations or anions in natural minerals for other ions not found in nature. In addition, composites such as natural mineral materials that interact with organic molecules or polymers are introduced according to how they are used.

Readers can refer to this volume as a guidebook to search for specific inorganic materials, and, if they wish, can consult any part of it at random. The book will be especially helpful and of interest to both scientists and engineers.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Silicate Minerals

Abstract

Silicate minerals are the most abundant minerals on Earth’s surface and can be obtained easily from nature. They are included in igneous rocks and their weathering minerals, such as olivines, garnets, pyroxenes, feldspars, silica minerals, amphiboles, calcium silicates, spinels, clay minerals, and zeolites. We review the characteristics of these silicate minerals. That is, the crystal structures of silicate minerals are shown and their synthesis methods for industrial use are introduced. Moreover, the interactions of silicate minerals and metal cations, organic matter, harmful materials, radioactive wastes, and so forth are reviewed. In addition, we also introduce the uses of inorganic materials with the crystal structure of silicate minerals, such as laser materials and solid ion batteries.

Hideo Hashizume

Chapter 2. Phosphate Minerals

Abstract

Phosphate minerals are utilized in various fields. The apatite group is well known among the phosphate minerals. Our bones and teeth are also composed of apatites. Moreover, some naturally occurring phosphate minerals include radioactive elements. The crystal structures of phosphate minerals can accept metal cations of various sizes from Li to heavy metals with large ionic radii. Phosphorus is an essential element for living creatures and is utilized in a wide range of science, technology, and medical fields. Here, the interaction of metal cations, organic molecules, and radioactive elements with phosphate minerals is introduced. In addition, we introduce the role of phosphate minerals in the living body and their use in batteries and other applications.

Hideo Hashizume

Chapter 3. Carbonate Minerals

Abstract

Carbonate minerals are used as the source of cement materials. Since carbonate minerals are easily formed from a metal cation and carbon dioxide, they have been studied as materials for storing carbon dioxide. Some natural carbonate minerals include radioactive elements and might be able to capture and store radioactive waste. Here, the interaction of metal cations and organic matter with carbonate minerals will be introduced. Since carbonate minerals can be formed from silicates and other minerals and carbon dioxide, we will discuss the carbonation of some minerals to synthesize carbonate minerals. In addition, the interaction between radioactive elements and carbonate minerals will be briefly introduced.

Hideo Hashizume

Chapter 4. Sulfur-Related Minerals

Abstract

Sulfur is a yellowish mineral that is easily obtained around volcanoes or hot springs and is very prevalent in countries that have volcanoes. Among the natural sulfur and related minerals, sulfate and sulfide minerals have many types of structural groups, and two minerals with the same chemical composition may have a different structure. Sulfur can react with various elements, and sulfate and sulfide minerals are utilized in a wide range of science and engineering fields. Here, the characteristics of sulfate and sulfide minerals will be introduced, as well as their interaction with metal cations and organic molecules, the syntheses of sulfides, and so forth.

Hideo Hashizume

Titel: Natural Mineral Materials
verfasst von: Dr. Hideo Hashizume
Verlag: Springer Japan
Electronic ISBN: 978-4-431-56924-4
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-56923-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56924-4

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