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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Natural Resources and Energy Regulation in Australia: The Energy White Paper in Context

verfasst von : Andrew D. Mitchell, Jessica Casben

Erschienen in: Emerging Issues in Sustainable Development

Verlag: Springer Japan

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Abstract

The fragmented and complex nature of the regulation of resource exploration, extraction and production in Australia, coupled with the seemingly constant changing face of Australian politics in recent years, poses unique challenges for policy makers and industry alike, despite relatively free and open trade in natural resources. Addressing the nation’s energy security needs means balancing Australia’s interests as a major global energy exporter against domestic consumption requirements and pricing pressures while securing long-term energy sustainability. Australia’s current energy policy agenda, recently outlined in the federal government’s Energy White Paper, attempts to strike this balance, but does more in the way of demonstrating the challenges than addressing them.

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Fußnoten
1
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015).
 
2
Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia, Iron Ore.
 
3
Minerals Council of Australia, Australias Uranium Industry.
 
4
Boulhol H, de Serres Aand Molnár M (2008) at pg 34.
 
5
Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia and ABARE (2010) at pg 21.
 
6
Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics (BREE) (2014) at pgs 19–22.
 
7
Department of Industry, Innovation and Science.
 
8
Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, s51.
 
9
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pg 48.
 
10
Minerals Council of Australia (2014) Minerals industry priorities for regulatory reform.
 
11
Customs (Prohibited Export) Regulations 1958 (Cth), Regulation 9AA.
 
12
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australias Uranium Export policy.
 
13
The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia (2015) Report 151 Treaty tabled on 28 October 2014 Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of India on Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy at pg 64.
 
14
Ibid. at pg 13.
 
15
The framework is comprised of four pieces of legislation: Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975, Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015, Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Imposition Fees Act 2015 and the Register of Foreign Ownership of Agricultural Land Act 2015.
 
16
Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975, s67.
 
17
Allens Linklaters (2015) at pg 2.
 
18
Commonwealth of Australia, Foreign Investment Review Board (2015) Foreign Investment Reforms Factsheet: Reform overview.
 
19
Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975, Division 5.
 
20
Commonwealth of Australia, Foreign Investment Review Board (2015) Guidance Note 21 Exemption Certificates for a Program of Acquisitions of Interests in Kinds of Land.
 
21
AustraliaUnited States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA), signed 18 May 2004, in force 1 January 2005. AustraliaNew Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (ANZCERTA), signed 28 March 1983, in force 1 January 1983. Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement (ACIFTA), signed 30 July 2008, in force 6 March 2009.
 
22
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), not yet signed, not yet in force.
 
23
TPP, Chapter 9, Annex I–Australia. See also, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2015) Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement Fact Sheet, Outcomes: Resources and Energy.
 
24
Allens Linklaters (2015) at pg 8.
 
25
Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015, s17.
 
26
Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015, s48.
 
27
Jones D, Gilbert and Tobin Lawyers (2015).
 
28
Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015, s56.
 
29
Federal Court of Australia (2015).
 
30
See, Native Title Act 1993.
 
31
Government of Western Australia, Department of Crown Lands (2013).
 
32
Re. mining coexistence see Western Australia v Brown [2014] HCA8.
 
33
See, Native Title Act 1993 ss35, 38–39.
 
34
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).
 
35
EPBC Act, s3.
 
36
EPBC Act, s69 and Part 3.
 
37
EPBC Act, s74(3).
 
38
EPBC Act, s136.
 
39
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of the Environment Water resources – 2013 EPBC Act amendment – Water trigger.
 
40
See, for example, Mineral Resources Development Act 1990 (Victoria), s9; Mining Act 1971 (South Australia), s16.
 
41
See, for example, Mineral Resources Development Act 1990 (Victoria), s85; Mining Act 1971 (South Australia), s61, and Mining Act 1978 (Western Australia), s123.
 
42
See, for example, Mineral Resources Development Act 1990 (Victoria), s44; Mining Act 1978 (Western Australia), Part III, Division 1.
 
43
Bowie C, Minter Ellison (2010).
 
44
Sometimes referred to as State Agreements or Government Agreements.
 
45
Fitzgerald A (2001) at pgs 33–34.
 
46
Queensland Government, Department of Natural Resources and Mines (2014).
 
47
Ibid.
 
48
Queensland Government, Department of Natural Resources and Mines (2015).
 
49
Ibid. at pg 5.
 
50
Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia, Australias Identified Mineral Resources.
 
51
Parkinson M (2012).
 
52
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (2012) at pg 1.
 
53
Parkinson M (2012).
 
54
Commonwealth of Australia (2015) Australias transport energy resilience and sustainability at paras 2.22–2.26.
 
55
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pgs 26–27.
 
56
Commonwealth of Australia (2015) Australias transport energy resilience and sustainability at para 2.17.
 
57
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at Minister’s Foreward.
 
58
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pg i.
 
59
Forcey T, Melbourne Energy Institute (2015) at pgs 13–14.
 
60
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pg 17.
 
61
Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics (BREE) (2014) at pgs 17 and 84.
 
62
Wood T, Grattan Institute (2014) at 8.
 
63
O’Brien M (2012).
 
64
Napthine D (2013). The Final Report was tabled on 8 December 2015 on the issues of the moratorium the Committee was unable to reach a majority decision.
 
65
New South Wales Government (2012) Code of Practice for Coal Seam Gas
Fracture stimulation activities.
 
66
New South Wales Government (2012) Ban on use of BTEX compounds in CSG activities, Policy # TI-O-120.
 
67
Wood T, Grattan Institute (2014) at pg 9.
 
68
Ibid. at pg 11.
 
69
Forcey T, Melbourne Energy Institute (2012) at pg 12.
 
70
Government of Western Australia (2012) at pg 14.
 
71
Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004, s175C.
 
72
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pgs 19–20.
 
73
Orchison K (2014).
 
74
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pgs 19–20.
 
75
Wood T, Grattan Institute (2014) at pgs 32–33.
 
76
Whitmore J and Hopkin M (2015).
 
77
Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Act 1998, s10.
 
78
See Nuclear Activities (Prohibitions) Act 1983 (Victoria), Uranium Mining and Nuclear Facilities (Prohibition) Act 1986 (NSW) respectively.
 
79
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (2006).
 
80
Howard J (2007).
 
81
South Australian Government (2015).
 
82
Australian Associated Press (2015).
 
83
South Australian Government (2015).
 
84
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pgs 58–59.
 
85
Ibid. at pg 45.
 
86
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pg 45.
 
87
Clean Energy Bill 2011 (Cth), Explanatory Memorandum.
 
88
Hunt G (2014) Second Reading Speech for Clean Energy Legislation (Carbon Tax Repeal) Bill 2014.
 
89
O’Gorman M and Jotzo F (2014).
 
90
For a discussion see Parliament of Australia (2011).
 
91
See, for example, Australian Council of Trade Unions, Australian Council of Social Service, Australian Conservation Foundation and the Consumers’ Federation of Australia (Joint Statement) (2010).
 
92
Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment Act 2015 (Cth). See also, The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, Parliamentary Library (2015) Bills Digest no. 119 201415: Renewable Energy (Electricity) Amendment Bill 2015.
 
93
Commonwealth of Australia (2014) Renewable Energy Target Expert Panel Call for Submissions.
 
94
Clean Energy Council (2015) at pg 2.
 
95
Ibid. at pg 5.
 
96
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pgs 57–58.
 
97
Ibid.
 
98
Ibid.
 
99
Clean Energy Council (2014) at pg 4.
 
100
Hannam P (2014).
 
101
Clean Energy Council (2014) at pg 17.
 
102
Commonwealth of Australia (2014) Emissions Reduction Fund White Paper.
 
103
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015).
 
104
Hunt G (2014) Transcript of interview with Tom Elliott (3AW Melbourne).
 
105
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Industry and Science (2015) at pg 52.
 
106
Ibid. at pg 55–56.
 
107
Plibersek T (2014).
 
108
Milne C (2014).
 
109
Smith M (2016).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Fitzgerald, A. (2001). Mining agreements – Negotiated frameworks in the Australian minerals sector. Fitzgerald, A. (2001). Mining agreementsNegotiated frameworks in the Australian minerals sector.
Zurück zum Zitat Napthine, D., & Premier of Victoria. (2013). Gas market taskforce paper open for public consultation, Media Release. Napthine, D., & Premier of Victoria. (2013). Gas market taskforce paper open for public consultation, Media Release.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Brien, M., & Victorian Minister for Energy and Resources. (2012). Reforms to strengthen Victoria’s coal seam gas regulation and protect communities. Media Release. O’Brien, M., & Victorian Minister for Energy and Resources. (2012). Reforms to strengthen Victoria’s coal seam gas regulation and protect communities. Media Release.
Metadaten
Titel
Natural Resources and Energy Regulation in Australia: The Energy White Paper in Context
verfasst von
Andrew D. Mitchell
Jessica Casben
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Verlag
Springer Japan
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56426-3_1

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