Neural Networks

Neural networks are networks of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. The human brain has billions of individual neurons and trillions of interconnections. Neurons are continuously processing and transmitting information to one another. In 1909, Cajal [1], [2] found that the brain consists of a large number of highly connected neurons which apparently can send very simple excitatory and inhibitory messages to each other and update their excitations on the basis of these simple messages. Figure 2.1.1 shows Purkinje Cell with its dendrite stained [2]. A neuron has three major regions; the cell body (soma), the axon, and the dendrites as shown in Fig. 2.1.2 [2].