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Erschienen in:

2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Novel Bioreactors for Waste Gas Treatment

verfasst von : Eldon R. Rene, María Montes, María C. Veiga, Christian Kennes

Erschienen in: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

Air quality has deteriorated constantly due to the rapid proliferation of fine-chemical and manufacturing industries, in addition to synchronized urbanization. Air pollution is an issue of sensible concern due to the serious implications on health and environment. The contaminants present in industrial waste-gases should either be destroyed or removed from an exhaust vent before it is emitted into the atmosphere by a particular process industry. Traditional waste-gas treatment systems, based on physico-chemical processes for pollutant removal, exhibits high energy costs, expend more chemicals, and produces more wastes. These systems have proved to be economical only when the waste-stream contains high concentrations of pollutants, which can either be recovered or destroyed completely. The use of well-adapted microorganisms to decontaminante the pollutants present in waste-gases, by maintaining them in suitable bioreactor configurations, can eliminate the drawbacks of classical physico-chemical techniques. In recent years, biological waste-gas treatment systems have been successfully used in a wide variety of process industries, particularly when the exhaust gas-stream contains low concentrations of pollutant at high gas-flow rates. Biological waste-gas treatment systems are versatile in handling a wide variety of air emissions, comprising both individual and mixture of pollutants, from petrochemical, semi-conductor, paint and varnish production facilities, pharmaceutical and paper and pulp industry, among others. The different bioprocesses that are commonly used for air pollution control are the biofilters, biotrickling filters and bioscrubbers. However, recent scientific advances and technical discoveries have led to the development of novel bioreactor configurations that have shown to be successful and promising for treating air toxics with high removal efficiencies. We reviewed the operational details and performance of novel bioreactor configurations such as continuous suspended-growth bioreactors, monolith bioreactors, two-liquid-phase biotrickling filters, air-lift bioreactors, fluidized-bed bioreactors, and foam-emulsion bioreactors. Though all these bioreactors have not been examined at the industrial level for operational/practical constraints, they have shown to effectively handle a wide range of hydrophilic and hydrophobic air pollutants, when investigated at the lab-scale level for steady and transient-state performance. Closely looking at their advantages, we observed that all these novel bioreactors were designed to overcome some operational limitations, viz., flow resistance/pressure drop, oxygen depletion and mass transfer problems for sparingly soluble pollutants, frequently encountered in conventional biological treatment systems.

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Titel: Novel Bioreactors for Waste Gas Treatment
verfasst von: Eldon R. Rene
María Montes
María C. Veiga
Christian Kennes
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Buch: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2438-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-2439-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2439-6_3