nach oben

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering

Erschienen in:

21.02.2022 | Original Paper

Numerical Evaluation of Local Site Effects on Amplification of the 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol-e-Zahab, Iran, Earthquake Waves Using Near and Far-Field Records

verfasst von: Hassan Sharafi, Niloofar Raeisi

Erschienen in: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering | Ausgabe 6/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

This is the first study to quantitatively evaluate the local site effects in the most severely affected neighborhoods of Sarpol-e-Zahab city following the devastating earthquake of November 12, 2017, in Kermanshah province (Iran). The site's two-dimensional numerical simulation and its nonlinear dynamic analysis were conducted using Abaqus finite element software. The study's findings include determining the dynamic predominant period and the maximum amplification factor of the site. The results showed that under applying the near-field record, 2 to 3-storey buildings in Fooladi neighborhood and 1 to 4-storey buildings in Shahid Shiroodi Mehr housing neighborhood experience the resonance phenomenon. Moreover, the average shear wave velocity \(\left( {Vs} \right)_{30}\) was calculated. The project site was classified into the III class in the Iranian code of practice for the seismic-resistant design of buildings (IRSt2800). Finally, the acceleration response spectra obtained from the numerical study were compared with the standard design spectra of IRSt2800 and the International Building code of practice 2015 (IBC 2015). The reported results of this paper can provide a useful and new database of local site effects for seismic designers and specialists to reconstruct existing buildings and future structures adequately.

Vorheriger Artikel Mechanical Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Large-Diameter Steel Tubular Piles Embedded in Soft Rock

Nächster Artikel Physical and Mechanical Characterisation of Metadolerite

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Alzabeebee, S. I. A. (2017). Enhanced design approaches for rigid and flexible buried pipes using advanced numerical modelling (Doctoral dissertation, University of Birmingham).

Alzabeebee S (2020a) Seismic settlement of a strip foundation resting on a dry sand. Nat Hazards 103:2395–2425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04090-wCrossRef

Alzabeebee S (2020b) Application of EPR-MOGA in computing the liquefaction-induced settlement of a building subjected to seismic shake. Eng Comput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01159-9CrossRef

Alzabeebee S, Chapman DN, Faramarzi A (2018) A comparative study of the response of buried pipes under static and moving loads. Transp Geotech 15:39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2018.03.001CrossRef

Anastasopoulos I, Gelagoti F, Kourkoulis R, Gazetas G (2011) Simplified constitutive model for simulation of cyclic response of shallow foundations: validation against laboratory tests. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 137:1154–1168. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000534CrossRef

Ashford SA, Sitar N, Lysmer J, Deng N (1997) Topographic effects on the seismic response of steep slopes. Bull Seismol Soc Am 87:701–709CrossRef

Assimaki D, Gazetas G (2004) Soil and topographic amplification on canyon banks and the 1999 athens earthquake. J Earthquake Eng 8:1–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460409350479CrossRef

Assimaki, D., & Jeong S (2011) Coupled topography-stratigraphy effects during the m 7.0 Haiti earthquake: the case of hotel Montana. In: In 4th IASPEI/IAEE international symposium,. University of California Santa Barbara.

Assimaki D, Pecker A, Popescu R, Prevost J (2003) Effects of spatial variability of soil properties on surface ground motion. J Earthq Eng 7:1–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460309350472CrossRef

Assimaki D, Kausel E, Gazetas G (2005) Wave propagation and soil-structure interaction on a cliff crest during the 1999 Athens Earthquake. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 25:513–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.11.031CrossRef

Bertrand E, Duval AM, Régnier J et al (2011) Site effects of the Roio basin, L’Aquila. Bull Earthq Eng 9:809–823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9254-6CrossRef

Bo J, Qi W, Liu H et al (2009) Abnormality of seismic intensity in Hanyuan during Wenchuan earthquake. J Earthq Eng Eng Vib 29:53–64

Bolisetti C (2015) Site response, soil-structure interaction and structure-soil-structure interaction for performance assessment of buildings and nuclear structures. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 446

Boore DM (1972) A note on the effect of simple topography on seismic SH waves. Bull Seismol Soc Am 62:275–284CrossRef

Bouchon M (1973) Effect of topography on surface motion. Bull Seismol Soc Am 63:615–632CrossRef

Bouckovalas GD, Papadimitriou AG (2005) Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 25:547–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.11.008CrossRef

Calvi, G. M., Pinho, R., & Crowley H (2006) State-of-the-knowledge on the period elongation of RC buildings during strong ground shaking. In: In First European conference on earthquake engineering and seismology. pp 3–8

Çelebi M (1987) Topographical and geological amplifications determined from strong-motion and aftershock records of the 3 March 1985 Chile earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1147–1167. https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0770041147CrossRef

Chaloulos YK, Giannakou A, Drosos V et al (2020) Liquefaction-induced settlements of residential buildings subjected to induced earthquakes. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105880CrossRef

Coleman JL, Bolisetti C, Whittaker AS (2016) Time-domain soil-structure interaction analysis of nuclear facilities. Nucl Eng Des 298:264–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.08.015CrossRef

Dimitriadi VE, Bouckovalas GD, Papadimitriou AG (2017) Seismic performance of strip foundations on liquefiable soils with a permeable crust. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 100:396–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.04.021CrossRef

Dimitriadi VE, Bouckovalas GD, Chaloulos YK, Aggelis AS (2018) Seismic liquefaction performance of strip foundations: effect of ground improvement dimensions. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 106:298–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.08.021CrossRef

Faccioli E, Vanini M, Frassine L (2002) “Complex” site effects in earthquake ground motion, including topography. 12th European conference on earthquake engineering, Paper No844 23

Far H (2019) Dynamic behaviour of unbraced steel frames resting on soft ground. Steel Const 12:135–140. https://doi.org/10.1002/stco.201800003CrossRef

Fatahi B, Tabatabaiefar SHR, Samali B (2014) Soil-structure interaction versus Site effect for seismic design of tall buildings on soft soil. Geomechan Eng 6:293–320CrossRef

Fatahi B, Tabatabaiefar HR, Samali B (2011) Performance based assessment of dynamic soil-structure interaction effects on seismic response of building frames. pp 344–351

Figini R, Paolucci R (2017) Integrated foundation–structure seismic assessment through non-linear dynamic analyses. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 46:349–367. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2790CrossRef

Forcellini D (2018) Seismic assessment of a benchmark based isolated ordinary building with soil structure interaction. Bull Earthq Eng 16:2021–2042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0268-6CrossRef

Forcellini D (2019) Numerical simulations of liquefaction on an ordinary building during Italian (20 May 2012) earthquake. Bull Earthq Eng 17:4797–4823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00666-5CrossRef

Frederick CO, Armstrong PJ (2007) A mathematical representation of the multiaxial Bauschinger effect. Mater High Temp 24:1–26CrossRef

Gatmiri B, Arson C (2008) Seismic site effects by an optimized 2D BE/FE method II. Quantification of site effects in two-dimensional sedimentary valleys. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 28:646–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.09.002CrossRef

Gatmiri B, Arson C, Nguyen KV (2008) Seismic site effects by an optimized 2D BE/FE method I. Theory, numerical optimization and application to topographical irregularities. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 28:632–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.09.001CrossRef

Gatmiri B, Maghoul P, Arson C (2009) Site-specific spectral response of seismic movement due to geometrical and geotechnical characteristics of sites. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29:51–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.015CrossRef

Gelagoti F, Kourkoulis R, Anastasopoulos I et al (2010) Seismic wave propagation in a very soft alluvial valley: sensitivity to ground-motion details and soil nonlinearity, and generation of a parasitic vertical component. Bull Seismol Soc Am 100:3035–3054. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100002CrossRef

Gélis C, Bonilla LF (2012) 2-D P-SV numerical study of soil-source interaction in a non-linear basin. Geophys J Int 191:1374–1390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05690.xCrossRef

Gerolymos N, Gazetas G, Tazoh T (2005) Static and dynamic response of yielding pile in nonlinear soil. In: 1st Greece–Japan workshop: seismic design, observation and retrofit of foundations. pp 25–35

Hough SE, Altidor JR, Anglade D et al (2010) Localized damage caused by topographic amplification during the 2010 M7.0 Haiti earthquake. Nat Geosci 3:778–782. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo988CrossRef

Iida M (1998) Three-dimensional non-linear soil-building interaction analysis in the lakebed zone of Mexico City during the hypothetical Guerrero earthquake. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 27:1483–1502. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199812)27:12%3c1483::AID-EQE796%3e3.0.CO;2-8CrossRef

IRSt2800 (2014) Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, Standard No. 2800. Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran

Iyisan R, Khanbabazadeh H (2013) A numerical study on the basin edge effect on soil amplification. Bull Earthq Eng 11:1305–1323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9451-6CrossRef

Kamalian M, Jafari MK, Sohrabi-bidar A et al (2006) Time-domain two-dimensional site response analysis of non-homogeneous topographic structures by a hybrid BE/FE method. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 26:753–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.12.008CrossRef

Karamitros DK, Bouckovalas GD, Chaloulos YK (2013) Insight into the seismic liquefaction performance of shallow foundations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 139:599–607. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000797CrossRef

Khanbabazadeh H, Iyisan R, Ansal A, Zulfikar C (2018) Nonlinear dynamic behavior of the basins with 2D bedrock. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 107:108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.01.011CrossRef

Knappett JA, Madden P, Caucis K (2015) Seismic structure–soil–structure interaction between pairs of adjacent building structures. In: Haigh S (ed) Geotechnical earthquake engineering. ICE Publishing, London, pp 101–113CrossRef

Kuhlemeyer RL, Lysmer J (1973) Finite element method accuracy for wave propagation problems. Journal of the Soil Mech Found Div 99:421–427. https://doi.org/10.1061/jsfeaq.0001885CrossRef

Luco JE (1982) Linear soil-structure interaction: a review. Applied Mech Div 53:41–57

Luo Y, Del Gaudio V, Huang R et al (2014) Evidence of hillslope directional amplification from accelerometer recordings at Qiaozhuang (Sichuan - China). Eng Geol 183:193–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.015CrossRef

Majumder M, Ghosh P, Rajesh S (2017) Numerical study on intermittent geofoam in-filled trench as vibration barrier considering soil non-linearity and circular dynamic source. Int J Geotech Eng 11:278–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2016.1215781CrossRef

Michel C, Gueguen P (2013) Experimental method: contribution of ambient vibration recordings to the vulnerability assessment. In: Gueguen P (ed) Seismic Vulnerability of Structures. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 161–212CrossRef

Mucciarelli M, Masi A, Gallipoli MR et al (2004) Analysis of RC building dynamic response and soil-building resonance based on data recorded during a damaging earthquake (Molise, Italy, 2002). Bull Seismol Soc Am 94:1943–1953. https://doi.org/10.1785/012003186CrossRef

Muñoz A, Sáez E (2018) Numerical estimation of site effects in the city of Arica due to natural soil variability using the spectral elements method. Bull Earthq Eng 16:459–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0214-7CrossRef

Mylonakis G, Gazetas G (2000) Seismic soil-structure interaction: beneficial or detrimental? J Earthq Eng 4:277–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460009350372CrossRef

Nath SK, Thingbaijam KKS (2011) Assessment of seismic site conditions: a case study from Guwahati City, Northeast India. Pure Appl Geophys 168:1645–1668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0197-7CrossRef

Pagliaroli A, Pergalani F, Ciancimino A et al (2020) Site response analyses for complex geological and morphological conditions: relevant case-histories from 3rd level seismic microzonation in Central Italy. Bull Earthq Eng 18:5741–5777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00610-7CrossRef

Paolucci R (1999) Shear resonance frequencies of alluvial valleys by Rayleigh’s method. Earthq Spectra 15:503–521. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586055CrossRef

Paolucci R, Faccioli E, Maggio F (1999) 3D Response analysis of an instrumented hill at Matsuzaki, Japan, by a spectral method. J Seismolog 3:191–209. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009890320625CrossRef

Paolucci R, Faccioli E, Chiesa F, Cotignola R (2000) Searching for 2D/3D site response patterns in weak and strong motion array data from different regions. In: In CD-ROM Proceedings of the 6th international conference on seismic zonation (6ICSZ):“ managing earthquake risk in the 21st century”, Palm Springs. California, pp 12–15

Pecker A, Paolucci R, Chatzigogos C et al (2014) The role of non-linear dynamic soil-foundation interaction on the seismic response of structures. Bull Earthq Eng 12:1157–1176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9457-0CrossRef

Pelekis P, Batilas A, Pefani E et al (2017) Surface topography and site stratigraphy effects on the seismic response of a slope in the Achaia-Ilia (Greece) 2008 Mw6.4 earthquake. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 100:538–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.05.038CrossRef

Pitilakis D, Dietz M, Wood DM et al (2008) Numerical simulation of dynamic soil-structure interaction in shaking table testing. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 28:453–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.07.011CrossRef

Plengsiri P, Mase LZ, Bengkulu U, Likitlersuang S (2017) Influence of ground variation on site amplification factor of Bangkok subsoils. In: In Proc of the 30th KKHTCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering.

Rayhani MT, El Naggar MH (2012) Physical and Numerical Modeling of Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction in Layered Soils. Geotech Geol Eng 30:331–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9471-4CrossRef

Renzi S, Madiai C, Vannucchi G (2013) A simplified empirical method for assessing seismic soil-structure interaction effects on ordinary shear-type buildings. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 55:100–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.09.012CrossRef

Riga E, Makra K, Pitilakis K (2018) Investigation of the effects of sediments inhomogeneity and nonlinearity on aggravation factors for sedimentary basins. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 110:284–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.01.016CrossRef

Rovelli A, Scognamiglio L, Marra F, Caserta A (2001) Edge-diffracted 1-sec surface waves observed in a small-size intramountain basin (Colfiorito, Central Italy). Bull Seismol Soc Am 91:1851–1866. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000301CrossRef

Ryan KL, Polanco J (2008) Problems with rayleigh damping in base-isolated buildings. J Struct Eng 134:1780–1784. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2008)134:11(1780)CrossRef

Sáez E, Lopez-Caballero F, Modaressi-Farahmand-Razavi A (2013) Inelastic dynamic soil-structure interaction effects on moment-resisting frame buildings. Eng Struct 51:166–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.01.020CrossRef

Sánchez-Sesma FJ, Crouse CB (2015) Effects of site geology on seismic ground motion: early history. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam 44:1099–1113. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2503CrossRef

Saouma V, Miura F, Lebon G, Yagome Y (2011) A simplified 3D model for soil-structure interaction with radiation damping and free field input. Bull Earthq Eng 9:1387–1402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9261-7CrossRef

Seed HB (1972) Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analysis. EERC. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4898(72)90110-3CrossRef

Semblat JF, Kham M, Parara E et al (2005) Seismic wave amplification: basin geometry vs soil layering. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 25:529–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.11.003CrossRef

Semblat, J. F., & Pecker, A. (2009). Waves and vibrations in soils. Earthquakes, traffic, shocks.

Havenith, H. B. (2004). Guidelines for the implementation of the H/V spectral ratio technique on ambient vibrations measurements, processing and interpretation (No. European Commission–EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME). European Commission.

Shiuly A, Sahu RB, Mandal S, Roy N (2018) Local site effect due to past earthquakes in Kolkata. J Geol Soc India 91:400–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-0872-3CrossRef

Stewart, J. P., & Kwok, A. O. (2008). Nonlinear seismic ground response analysis: Code usage protocols and verification against vertical array data. In Geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamics IV (pp. 1–24). https://doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)1.

Sun CG, Chung CK (2008) Assessment of site effects of a shallow and wide basin using geotechnical information-based spatial characterization. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 28:1028–1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.11.005CrossRef

Tabatabaiefar HR, Fatahi B, Ghabraie K, Zhou WH (2015) Evaluation of numerical procedures to determine seismic response of structures under influence of soil-structure interaction. Structural Engineering and Mechanics 56:27–47CrossRef

Tripe R, Kontoe S, Wong TKC (2013) Slope topography effects on ground motion in the presence of deep soil layers. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 50:72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.011CrossRef

Tsai YB, & Huang MW (2000) Strong ground motion characteristics of the chichi, Taiwan, earthquake of September 21, 1999. Taiwan: Institute of Geophysics, National Central University., Taoyuan City, pp 1

Vajedian S, Motagh M, Mousavi Z et al (2018) Coseismic deformation field of the Mw 7.3 12 November 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab (Iran) earthquake: a decoupling horizon in the Northern Zagros Mountains inferred from InSAR observations. Remote Sens 10:1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101589CrossRef

Wang L, Wu Z, Xia K et al (2019) Amplification of thickness and topography of loess deposit on seismic ground motion and its seismic design methods. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.02.021CrossRef

Titel: Numerical Evaluation of Local Site Effects on Amplification of the 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol-e-Zahab, Iran, Earthquake Waves Using Near and Far-Field Records
verfasst von: Hassan Sharafi
Niloofar Raeisi
Publikationsdatum: 21.02.2022
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering / Ausgabe 6/2022
Print ISSN: 0960-3182
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-1529
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02076-y

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2022

Interaction of a Shield Structure with Surrounding Rock Strata Under Geo-static and Fatigue Loadings

Testing Simplified Beerkan Infiltration (SBI) Methods on Technosol to Estimate the Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

Modification of the Natural Slake Test and Assessment of Slaking Behavior of a Shale from Malaysia Under Rainfall

Stability Analysis of Upstream and Downstream Dam Slopes with Water Level Drawdown Using Response Surface Function

The Strength and Macro-mesoscopic Fracture Characteristics of 3D-printed Rock-like Specimens with Internal Parallel Joints

Mechanical Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Large-Diameter Steel Tubular Piles Embedded in Soft Rock