Skip to main content
Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

On High-Quality Synthesis

verfasst von : Orna Kupferman

Erschienen in: Computer Science – Theory and Applications

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In the synthesis problem, we are given a specification \(\psi \) over input and output signals, and we synthesize a system that realizes \(\psi \): with every sequence of input signals, the system associates a sequence of output signals so that the generated computation satisfies \(\psi \). The above classical formulation of the problem is Boolean. First, correctness is Boolean: a computation satisfies the specification \(\psi \) or does not satisfy it. Then, other important and interesting measures like the size of the synthesized system, its robustness, price, and so on, are ignored. The paper surveys recent efforts to address and formalize different aspects of quality of synthesized systems. We start with multi-valued specification formalisms, which refine the notion of correctness and enable the designer to specify quality, and continue to the quality measure of sensing: the detail in which the inputs should be read in order to generate a correct computation. The first part is based on the articles [13]. The second part is based on [4, 5].

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The observant reader may be concerned by our use of \(\max \) and \(\min \) where \(\sup \) and \(\inf \) are in order. In [3] we prove that there are only finitely many satisfaction values for a formula \(\varphi \), thus the semantics is well defined.
 
2
Observe that in our semantics the satisfaction value of future events tends to 0. One may think of scenarios where future events are discounted towards another value in [0, 1] (e.g., discounting towards \(\frac{1}{2}\) as ambivalence regarding the future).
 
3
We note that, alternatively, one could define the sensing level of states, with \({ slevel}(q)=\frac{{ scost}(q)}{|P|}\). Then, for all states q, we have that \({ slevel}(q) \in [0,1]\). All our results hold also for this definition, simply by dividing the sensing cost by |P|.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Almagor, S., Boker, U., Kupferman, O.: Formalizing and reasoning about quality. In: Fomin, F.V., Freivalds, R., Kwiatkowska, M., Peleg, D. (eds.) ICALP 2013, Part II. LNCS, vol. 7966, pp. 15–27. Springer, Heidelberg (2013) Almagor, S., Boker, U., Kupferman, O.: Formalizing and reasoning about quality. In: Fomin, F.V., Freivalds, R., Kwiatkowska, M., Peleg, D. (eds.) ICALP 2013, Part II. LNCS, vol. 7966, pp. 15–27. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Almagor, S., Boker, U., Kupferman, O.: Discounting in LTL. In: Ábrahám, E., Havelund, K. (eds.) TACAS 2014 (ETAPS). LNCS, vol. 8413, pp. 424–439. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)CrossRef Almagor, S., Boker, U., Kupferman, O.: Discounting in LTL. In: Ábrahám, E., Havelund, K. (eds.) TACAS 2014 (ETAPS). LNCS, vol. 8413, pp. 424–439. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Almagor, S., Boker, U., Kupferman, O.: Formalizing and reasoning about quality. J. ACM (2016, to appear) Almagor, S., Boker, U., Kupferman, O.: Formalizing and reasoning about quality. J. ACM (2016, to appear)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Almagor, S., Kuperberg, D., Kupferman, O.: Regular sensing. In: Proceedings of the 34th Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 29, pp. 161–173. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany (2014) Almagor, S., Kuperberg, D., Kupferman, O.: Regular sensing. In: Proceedings of the 34th Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 29, pp. 161–173. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany (2014)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Almagor, S., Kuperberg, D., Kupferman, O.: The sensing cost of monitoring and synthesis. In: Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 35, pp. 380–393. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany (2015) Almagor, S., Kuperberg, D., Kupferman, O.: The sensing cost of monitoring and synthesis. In: Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 35, pp. 380–393. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany (2015)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Avni, G., Kupferman, O.: Synthesis from component libraries with costs. In: Baldan, P., Gorla, D. (eds.) CONCUR 2014. LNCS, vol. 8704, pp. 156–172. Springer, Heidelberg (2014) Avni, G., Kupferman, O.: Synthesis from component libraries with costs. In: Baldan, P., Gorla, D. (eds.) CONCUR 2014. LNCS, vol. 8704, pp. 156–172. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bloem, R., Chatterjee, K., Greimel, K., Henzinger, T.A., Hofferek, G., Jobstmann, B., Könighofer, B., Könighofer, R.: Synthesizing robust systems. Acta Inf. 51(3–4), 193–220 (2014)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Bloem, R., Chatterjee, K., Greimel, K., Henzinger, T.A., Hofferek, G., Jobstmann, B., Könighofer, B., Könighofer, R.: Synthesizing robust systems. Acta Inf. 51(3–4), 193–220 (2014)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bloem, R., Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T.A., Jobstmann, B.: Better quality in synthesis through quantitative objectives. In: Bouajjani, A., Maler, O. (eds.) CAV 2009. LNCS, vol. 5643, pp. 140–156. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)CrossRef Bloem, R., Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T.A., Jobstmann, B.: Better quality in synthesis through quantitative objectives. In: Bouajjani, A., Maler, O. (eds.) CAV 2009. LNCS, vol. 5643, pp. 140–156. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T.A., Jobstmann, B.: Environment assumptions for synthesis. In: van Breugel, F., Chechik, M. (eds.) CONCUR 2008. LNCS, vol. 5201, pp. 147–161. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)CrossRef Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T.A., Jobstmann, B.: Environment assumptions for synthesis. In: van Breugel, F., Chechik, M. (eds.) CONCUR 2008. LNCS, vol. 5201, pp. 147–161. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T.A., Jobstmann, B., Singh, R.: Measuring and synthesizing systems in probabilistic environments. In: Touili, T., Cook, B., Jackson, P. (eds.) CAV 2010. LNCS, vol. 6174, pp. 380–395. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)CrossRef Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T.A., Jobstmann, B., Singh, R.: Measuring and synthesizing systems in probabilistic environments. In: Touili, T., Cook, B., Jackson, P. (eds.) CAV 2010. LNCS, vol. 6174, pp. 380–395. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Church, A.: Logic, arithmetics, and automata. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, 1962, pp. 23–35. Institut Mittag-Leffler (1963) Church, A.: Logic, arithmetics, and automata. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, 1962, pp. 23–35. Institut Mittag-Leffler (1963)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat de Alfaro, L., Faella, M., Henzinger, T.A., Majumdar, R., Stoelinga, M.: Model checking discounted temporal properties. Theor. Comput. Sci. 345(1), 139–170 (2005)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH de Alfaro, L., Faella, M., Henzinger, T.A., Majumdar, R., Stoelinga, M.: Model checking discounted temporal properties. Theor. Comput. Sci. 345(1), 139–170 (2005)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Droste, M., Kuich, W., Vogler, H. (eds.): Handbook of Weighted Automata. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)MATH Droste, M., Kuich, W., Vogler, H. (eds.): Handbook of Weighted Automata. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)MATH
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Droste, M., Rahonis, G.: Weighted automata and weighted logics with discounting. Theor. Comput. Sci. 410(37), 3481–3494 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Droste, M., Rahonis, G.: Weighted automata and weighted logics with discounting. Theor. Comput. Sci. 410(37), 3481–3494 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Droste, M., Vogler, H.: Weighted automata and multi-valued logics over arbitrary bounded lattices. Theor. Comput. Sci. 418, 14–36 (2012)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Droste, M., Vogler, H.: Weighted automata and multi-valued logics over arbitrary bounded lattices. Theor. Comput. Sci. 418, 14–36 (2012)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Faella, M., Legay, A., Stoelinga, M.: Model checking quantitative linear time logic. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 220(3), 61–77 (2008)CrossRefMATH Faella, M., Legay, A., Stoelinga, M.: Model checking quantitative linear time logic. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 220(3), 61–77 (2008)CrossRefMATH
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Fisman, D., Kupferman, O., Lustig, Y.: Rational synthesis. In: Esparza, J., Majumdar, R. (eds.) TACAS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6015, pp. 190–204. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)CrossRef Fisman, D., Kupferman, O., Lustig, Y.: Rational synthesis. In: Esparza, J., Majumdar, R. (eds.) TACAS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6015, pp. 190–204. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Grinstead, C., Snell, J.L.: 11:Markov chains. In: Introduction to Probability. American Mathematical Society (1997) Grinstead, C., Snell, J.L.: 11:Markov chains. In: Introduction to Probability. American Mathematical Society (1997)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kans, S.H.: Metrics and Models in Software Quality Engineering. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Boston (2002) Kans, S.H.: Metrics and Models in Software Quality Engineering. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Boston (2002)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Krob, D.: The equality problem for rational series with multiplicities in the tropical semiring is undecidable. Int. J. Algebra Comput. 4(3), 405–425 (1994)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Krob, D.: The equality problem for rational series with multiplicities in the tropical semiring is undecidable. Int. J. Algebra Comput. 4(3), 405–425 (1994)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Kupferman, O., Lustig, Y., Vardi, M.Y., Yannakakis, M.: Temporal synthesis for bounded systems and environments. In: Proceedings of the 28th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, pp. 615–626 (2011) Kupferman, O., Lustig, Y., Vardi, M.Y., Yannakakis, M.: Temporal synthesis for bounded systems and environments. In: Proceedings of the 28th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, pp. 615–626 (2011)
22.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwiatkowska, M.Z.: Quantitative verification: models techniques and tools. In: ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE, pp. 449–458 (2007) Kwiatkowska, M.Z.: Quantitative verification: models techniques and tools. In: ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE, pp. 449–458 (2007)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohri, M.: Finite-state transducers in language and speech processing. Comput. Linguist. 23(2), 269–311 (1997)MathSciNet Mohri, M.: Finite-state transducers in language and speech processing. Comput. Linguist. 23(2), 269–311 (1997)MathSciNet
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Moon, S., Lee, K., Lee, D.: Fuzzy branching temporal logic. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B 34(2), 1045–1055 (2004)CrossRef Moon, S., Lee, K., Lee, D.: Fuzzy branching temporal logic. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B 34(2), 1045–1055 (2004)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Pnueli, A., Rosner, R.: On the synthesis of a reactive module. In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 179–190 (1989) Pnueli, A., Rosner, R.: On the synthesis of a reactive module. In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 179–190 (1989)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Schewe, S., Finkbeiner, B.: Bounded synthesis. In: Namjoshi, K.S., Yoneda, T., Higashino, T., Okamura, Y. (eds.) ATVA 2007. LNCS, vol. 4762, pp. 474–488. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)CrossRef Schewe, S., Finkbeiner, B.: Bounded synthesis. In: Namjoshi, K.S., Yoneda, T., Higashino, T., Okamura, Y. (eds.) ATVA 2007. LNCS, vol. 4762, pp. 474–488. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Sistla, A.P.: Safety, liveness and fairness in temporal logic. Formal Aspects Comput. 6, 495–511 (1994)CrossRefMATH Sistla, A.P.: Safety, liveness and fairness in temporal logic. Formal Aspects Comput. 6, 495–511 (1994)CrossRefMATH
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Spinellis, D.: Code Quality: The Open Source Perspective. Addison-Wesley Professional, Upper Saddle River (2006) Spinellis, D.: Code Quality: The Open Source Perspective. Addison-Wesley Professional, Upper Saddle River (2006)
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Vardi, M.Y.: From verification to synthesis. In: Shankar, N., Woodcock, J. (eds.) VSTTE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5295, p. 2. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)CrossRef Vardi, M.Y.: From verification to synthesis. In: Shankar, N., Woodcock, J. (eds.) VSTTE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5295, p. 2. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Vardi, M.Y., Wolper, P.: An automata-theoretic approach to automatic program verification. In: Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, pp. 332–344 (1986) Vardi, M.Y., Wolper, P.: An automata-theoretic approach to automatic program verification. In: Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, pp. 332–344 (1986)
Metadaten
Titel
On High-Quality Synthesis
verfasst von
Orna Kupferman
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34171-2_1

Premium Partner