One-step synthesis of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-reduced graphene oxide-Pd nanoparticles for electrochemical sensing

An effective and facile approach was developed for preparing non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensors on the basis of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-reduced graphene oxide-palladium nanoparticles (PVP-rGO-Pd NPs)-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. One-step wet-chemical method was applied for preparing PVP-rGO-Pd NPs. The synergic effect of nanocomposites provided an advantageous micro-environment for facilitating electro-catalysis of H₂O₂ sensors. The nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scan electron, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Electro-catalytic ability of the nanocomposites was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometric methods. Several critical parameters which could affect the performance of the proposed sensor were taken into consideration and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the as-fabricated sensor has wide linear range from 0.005 to 1.2 mM with the high sensitivity of 694.3 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² and low detection limit of 0.025 μM. Besides, it also exhibited excellent selectivity, superior reproducibility, and long-term stability. The present work could afford a viable method and efficient platform for fabricating amperometric sensors and biosensors.