Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
What Is an Ontology? Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2009 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Ontology and the Lexicon

verfasst von : Graeme Hirst

Erschienen in: Handbook on Ontologies

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Summary

A lexicon is a linguistic object and hence is not the same thing as an ontology, which is non-linguistic. Nonetheless, word senses are in many ways similar to ontological concepts and the relationships found between word senses resemble the relationships found between concepts. Although the arbitrary and semi-arbitrary distinctions made by natural languages limit the degree to which these similarities can be exploited, a lexicon can nonetheless serve in the development of an ontology, especially in a technical domain.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Ontology Learning
Nächstes Kapitel Ontology Evaluation
Literatur
1.
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (2000): Classifiers: A Typology of Noun Categorization Devices. Oxford University Press.
2.
3.
American Psychiatric Association (2000): Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR (4th edition, text revision). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.CrossRef
4.
5.
Baayen, Harald R., Piepenbrock, Richard, and Gulikers, Leon (1995): The CELEX Lexical Database. CD-ROM, Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. www.​ldc.​upenn.​edu/​Catalog/​CatalogEntry.jsp?catalogId=LDC96L14
6.
Barrière, Caroline and Popowich, Fred (2000): Expanding the type hierarchy with nonlexical concepts. In: Hamilton, Howard J. (ed.), Advances in Artificial Intelligence (Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence, Montreal, May 2000), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, volume 1822, pages 53–68. Springer, Berlin. link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t1822.htm
7.
Boguraev, Branimir and Pustejovsky, James (eds.) (1996): Corpus Processing for Lexical Acquisition. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
8.
Briscoe, Ted, de Paiva, Valeria, and Copestake, Ann (eds.) (1993): Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon. Cambridge University Press.
9.
Buitelaar, Paul (1998): CoreLex: An ontology of systematic polysemous classes. In: Guarino, Nicola (ed.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems, pages 221–235. IOS, Amsterdam.
10.
Burger, Henry G. (1984): The Wordtree. The Wordtree, Merriam, KS.
11.
Byrd, Roy J., Calzolari, Nicoletta, Chodorow, Martin S., Klavans, Judith L., Neff, Mary S., and Rizk, Omneya A. (1987): Tools and methods for computational lexicography. Computational Linguistics, 13(3/4), 219–240. www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​J87-3003
12.
Chklovski, Timothy and Pantel, Patrick (2004): VerbOcean: Mining the Web for Fine-Grained Semantic Verb Relations. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-04), Barcelona, Spain, 33–40. acl.ldc.upenn.edu/acl2004/emnlp
13.
Chodorow, Martin S., Byrd, Roy J., and Heidorn, George E. (1985): Extracting semantic hierarchies from a large on-line dictionary. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Chicago, 299–304. www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​P85-1034
14.
Cooper, Martin C. (2005): A mathematical model of historical semantics and the grouping of word meanings into concepts. Computational Linguistics, 31(2), 227–248.CrossRefMATH
15.
Cruse, D. Alan (1986): Lexical Semantics. Cambridge University Press.
16.
Cruse, D. Alan (2002): Hyponymy and its varieties. In: Green, Bean, and Myaeng (eds.), The Semantics of Relationships, pages 3–21. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
17.
18.
Dahlgren, Kathleen (1995): A linguistic ontology. International Journal of Human–Computer Studies, 43(5/6), 809–818.CrossRef
19.
Edmonds, Philip and Hirst, Graeme (2000): Reconciling fine-grained lexical knowledge and coarse-grained ontologies in the representation of near-synonyms. Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Approximation, Granularity, and Vagueness, Breckenridge, Colorado. www.​cs.​toronto.​edu/​compling/​Publications
20.
21.
22.
23.
Evens, Martha Walton (ed.) (1988): Relational Models of the Lexicon. Cambridge University Press.
24.
Farrow, Jane (2000): Wanted Words: From Amalgamots to Undercarments. Stoddart, Toronto.
25.
Fellbaum, Christiane (1998): WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. MIT, Cambridge, MA.MATH
26.
Fellbaum, Christiane (2002): On the semantics of troponymy. In: Green, R., Bean, C., Myaeng, S. (eds.), The Semantics of Relationships, pages 23–34. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
27.
Gangemi, Aldo, Guarino, Nicola, and Oltramari, Alessandro (2001): Conceptual analysis of lexical taxonomies: The case of WordNet top-level. In: Welty, Chris and Smith, Barry (eds.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Collected Papers from the Second International Conference, pages 285–296. ACM, New York.
28.
Gazdar, Gerald and Daelemans, Walter (1992): Special issues on Inheritance. Computational Linguistics, 18(2) and 18(3). acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J92/
29.
Gove, Philip B. (ed.) (1973): Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms. G. & C. Merriam Company, Springfield, MA.
30.
Green, Rebecca, Bean, Carol A., and Myaeng, Sung Hyon (eds.) (2002): The Semantics of Relationships: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.
31.
Gruber, Thomas R. (1993): Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing. International Journal of Human–Computer Studies, 43(5/6), 907–928.
32.
Hall, Rich (1984): Sniglets (Snig’lit): Any Word That Doesn’t Appear in the Dictionary, but Should. Collier Books.
33.
34.
Hovy, Eduard (2005): Methodologies for the reliable construction of ontological knowledge. In: Dau, Frithjof, Mugnier, Marie-Laure, and Stumme, Gerd (eds.), Conceptual Structures: Common Semantics for Sharing Knowledge, pages 91–106. Springer, Berlin. www.​isi.​edu/​natural-language/​people/hovy/publications.html
35.
Hovy, Eduard and Nirenburg, Sergei (1992): Approximating an interlingua in a principled way. Proceedings of the DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop, Hawthorne, NY. www.​isi.​edu/​natural-language/​people/hovy/publications.html
36.
Iris, Madelyn Anne, Litowitz, Bonnie E., and Evens, Martha (1988): Problems of the part - whole relation. In: Evens, M. (Ed.), Relational Models of the Lexicon: Representing Knowledge in Semantic Networks, pages 261–288. Cambridge University Press.
37.
38.
Lakoff, George (1987): Women, Fire, and Dangerous things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.CrossRef
39.
Lenci, Alessandro (2001): Building an ontology for the lexicon: Semantic types and word meaning. In: Jensen, Per Anker and Skadhauge, Peter (eds.), Ontology-Based Interpretation of Noun Phrases: Proceedings of the First International OntoQuery Workshop, University of Southern Denmark, pages 103–120. www.​ontoquery.​dk/​publications/​
40.
Lenci, Alessandro et al. (2000). simple: A general framework for the development of multilingual lexicons. International Journal of Lexicography, 13(4), 249–263.CrossRef
41.
Levin, Beth (1993): English Verb Classes and Alternations: A preliminary investigation. The University of Chicago Press.
42.
Lindberg, Donald A. B., Humphreys, Betsy L., and McCray, Alexa T. (1993): The Unified Medical Language System. Methods of Information in Medicine, 32(4), 281–289.
43.
Mahesh, Kavi, and Nirenburg, Sergei (1995): A situated ontology for practical NLP. Proceedings of the Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95), Montreal.
44.
Markowitz, Judith, Ahlswede, Thomas, and Evens, Martha (1986): Semantically significant patterns in dictionary definitions. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, New York, pages 112–119. www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​P86-1018
45.
McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D. L., Marhold, K., Nicolson, D. H., Prado, J., Silva, P. C., Skog, J. E., Wiersema, J., and Turland, N. J. (eds.) (2006): International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). A.R.G. Gantner, Ruggell, Liechtenstein.
46.
Mel’čuk, Igor (1984): Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du français contemporain. Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.
47.
Mel’čuk, Igor and Zholkovsky, Alexander (1988): The explanatory combinatorial dictionary. In: Evens (ed.), Relational Models of the Lexicon: Representing Knowledge in Semantic Networks, pages 41–74. Cambridge University Press.
48.
The Merriam-Webster Pocket Dictionary. G.&C. Merriam Company, Springfield, MA.
49.
Morris, Jane and Hirst, Graeme (2004): Non-classical lexical semantic relations. Proceedings, Workshop on Computational Lexical Semantics, Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Boston. Reprinted in: Hanks, Patrick (ed.), Lexicology: Critical Concepts in Linguistics, Routledge, 2007. www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​W04-2607
50.
Murphy, Gregory L. and Lassaline, Mary E. (1997): Hierarchical structure in concepts and the basic level of categorization. In: Lamberts, Koen and Shanks, David (eds.), Knowledge, Concepts, and Categories, pages 93–131. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
51.
52.
Pinker, Steven (1994): The Language Instinct. William Morrow and Company, New York.CrossRef
53.
Pribbenow, Simone (2002): it Meronymic Relationships: From Classical Merology to Complex Part – Whole Relationships, pages. 35–50. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
54.
Pustejovsky, James (1995): The Generative Lexicon. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
55.
Quine, Willard Van Orman (1960): Word and Object. MIT, Cambridge, MA.MATH
56.
Richardson, Stephen D., Dolan, William B., and Vanderwende, Lucy (1998): MindNet: Acquiring and structuring semantic information from text. Proceedings, 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-98), Montreal, pages 1098–1104. www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​P98-2180
57.
Roget, Peter Mark. Roget’s Thesaurus. Many editions and variant titles.
58.
Ruhl, Charles (1989): On Monosemy: A Study in Linguistic Semantics. State University of New York Press, Albany, NY.
59.
Sapir, Edward (1929/1964): The status of linguistics as a science. Language, volume 5, pages 207–214. Reprinted in: Mandelbaum, David G. (ed.), Culture, Language, and Personality: Selected Essays of Edward Sapir, University of California Press, Berkeley.
60.
Sowa, John F. (2000): Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, and Computational Foundations. Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA.
61.
Steele, James (1990): The vocable hope: A family of lexical entries for an explanatory combinatorial dictionary of English. In: Steele, James (ed.), Meaning–Text Theory: Linguistics, Lexicography, and Implications, pages 131–158. University of Ottawa Press.
62.
Talmy, Leonard (ed.) (2000a): The Relation of Grammar to Cognition, pages I-21–96. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
63.
Talmy, Leonard (2000b): Toward a Cognitive Semantics, two volumes. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
64.
Viegas, Evelyn, Onyshkevych, Boyan, Raskin, Victor, and Nirenburg, Sergei (1996): From submit to submitted via submission: On lexical rules in large-scale lexicon acquisition. Proceedings, 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Santa Cruz, pages 32–39. www.​aclweb.​org/​anthology/​P96-1005
65.
Völker, Johanna, Hitzler, Pascal, and Cimiano, Philipp (2007): Acquisition of OWL DL axioms from lexical resources. In: Franconi, Enrico, Kifer, Michael, and May, Wolfgang (eds.), The Semantic Web: Research and Applications (Proceedings of the 4th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2007), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 4519, pages 670–685. Springer, Berlin. www.​springerlink.​com/​content/​5716324h77684v9g​/​fulltext.​pdf
66.
Völker, Johanna, Vrandečić, Denny, Sure, York, Hotho, Andreas (2007): Learning disjointness. In: Franconi, Enrico, Kifer, Michael, and May, Wolfgang (eds.), The Semantic Web: Research and Applications (Proceedings of the 4th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2007), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 4519, pages 175–189. Springer, Berlin. www.​springerlink.​com/​content/​n7111wk1t3348482/fulltext.pdf
67.
Vossen, Piek (ed.) (1998): Special issue on EuroWordNet. Computers and the Humanities, 32(2–3), 73–251. Reprinted as a separate volume: EuroWordNet: A multilingual database with lexical semantic networks. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. www.​springerlink.​com/​content/​100251/
68.
Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963): G.&C. Merriam Company, Springfield, MA.
69.
Whorf, Benjamin Lee (1940/1972): Science and linguistics. Technology Review, 42(6), 227–231, 247–248. Reprinted in: Carroll, John B. (ed.), Language, Thought and Reality: Selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf , MIT, Cambridge, MA.
70.
Metadaten
Titel
Ontology and the Lexicon
verfasst von
Graeme Hirst
Copyright-Jahr
2009
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch
Handbook on Ontologies

Print ISBN: 978-3-540-70999-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-540-92673-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2009

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92673-3_12