5. Operation Strategy of Park Microgrid with Multi‐stakeholder Based on Artificial Immune System

The penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) is growing worldwide, and microgrid (MG) is an approprate way to realize intergration of these DERs. The new reform of power system promotes the market-oriented operation of microgrids. This chapter takes the park microgrid with multi-stakeholder as the object, and to promote the interaction between the main grid and DERs in MG, a two-level optimization model of microgrid bidding transaction based on multi-agent system is established. In the lower-level optimization, considering the deviation penalty of power generation and the previous round bidding results, the optimal bidding strategy model is established to maximize the benefit of bidding unit agent. In the upper-level model, bidding strategies of DERs as constraints, a multiple objective mixed-integer linear programming model was built to optimize the overall objectives of clearing price and imbalanced deviation, searching for the optimal clearing price and the generation plan of DERs. Due to the complexity of the two-layer optimization model, a novel artificial immune system (AIS) was established and integrated into the multi-agent system to help DERs participate in the optimal bidding operation of MG. The antigen is transformed by the environmental information, the price of the main grid, other DERs’ bidding strategies, and the predicted deviation coefficient while considering the uncertainties of DER facilities. The proposed optimized operation mode is compared with the traditional operation mode in the case study, verifying that the proposed method can realize the optimal operation of the MG and the coordinated interaction with the main grid, increasing the benefit of stakeholders. The AIS algorithm is also compared with traditional algorithms, proving the superiority in optimizing.