Skip to main content

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

18. Planning

verfasst von : Susanne Ozegowski

Erschienen in: Handbook Integrated Care

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Planning, especially workforce planning, has been high on the agenda of health policy makers, practitioners, and researchers for the past 40 years. Various methods have been developed and become more and more refined. Recent changes to models of care have again called into question much of the established methodologies. That applies in particular to integrated care where clearly specified tasks for single practitioners are replaced by a team-based, pro-active approach to care delivery. This chapter proposes four key lessons for planning integrated care: (a) Setting objectives and standards of care, (b) Aligning planning approaches with the specific model of care, (c) Monitor and adapt constantly, (d) Integrated care calls for integrated planning.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
To the merit of the GMENAC, it should also be said that the US healthcare system is probably one of the most difficult for which to forecast physician supply requirements. First of all, it is a very large country with many different subcultures affecting health demand and patient preferences. Secondly, the provider structure is highly fragmented leaving providers with very different abilities in managing patient demand.
 
2
PCMH is a model of care from the USA which puts primary care in the centre and rests on the notion of transforming health care structures to ensure patient-centred, accessible, and coordinated health care (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, n.d.).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Altschuler, J., Margolius, D., Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2012). Estimating a reasonable patient panel size for primary care physicians with team-based task delegation. Annals of Family Medicine, 10(5), 396–400.CrossRef Altschuler, J., Margolius, D., Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2012). Estimating a reasonable patient panel size for primary care physicians with team-based task delegation. Annals of Family Medicine, 10(5), 396–400.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson, G. F., Han, K. C., Miller, R. H., & Johns, M. E. (1997). A comparison of three methods for estimating the requirements for medical specialists: The case of otolaryngologists. Health Services Research, 32(2), 139–153. Anderson, G. F., Han, K. C., Miller, R. H., & Johns, M. E. (1997). A comparison of three methods for estimating the requirements for medical specialists: The case of otolaryngologists. Health Services Research, 32(2), 139–153.
Zurück zum Zitat Baumol, W. J., & De Ferranti, D. M. (2012). The cost disease: Why computers get cheaper and health care doesn’t. London: Yale University Press. Baumol, W. J., & De Ferranti, D. M. (2012). The cost disease: Why computers get cheaper and health care doesn’t. London: Yale University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, C., Garrido, T., Chock, D., Okawa, G., & Liang, L. (2009). The Kaiser Permanente electronic health record: Transforming and streamlining modalities of care. Health Affairs, 28(2), 323–333.CrossRef Chen, C., Garrido, T., Chock, D., Okawa, G., & Liang, L. (2009). The Kaiser Permanente electronic health record: Transforming and streamlining modalities of care. Health Affairs, 28(2), 323–333.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cooper, R. A. (1995). Perspectives on the physician workforce to the year 2020. Journal of the American Medical Association, 274(19), 1534–1543.CrossRef Cooper, R. A. (1995). Perspectives on the physician workforce to the year 2020. Journal of the American Medical Association, 274(19), 1534–1543.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Crettenden, I. F., McCarty, M. V., Fenech, B. J., Heywood, T., Taitz, M. C., & Tudman, S. (2014). How evidence-based workforce planning in Australia is informing policy development in the retention and distribution of the health workforce. Human Resources for Health, 12, 7.CrossRef Crettenden, I. F., McCarty, M. V., Fenech, B. J., Heywood, T., Taitz, M. C., & Tudman, S. (2014). How evidence-based workforce planning in Australia is informing policy development in the retention and distribution of the health workforce. Human Resources for Health, 12, 7.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Crimmins, E. M., & Beltran-Sanchez, H. (2011). Mortality and morbidity trends: Is there com- pression of morbidity? The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66B(1), 75–86.CrossRef Crimmins, E. M., & Beltran-Sanchez, H. (2011). Mortality and morbidity trends: Is there com- pression of morbidity? The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66B(1), 75–86.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cunningham, R. (2013). Health workforce needs: Projections complicated by practice and technology changes. Issue Brief George Washington University. National Health Policy Forum, 851, 1–15. Cunningham, R. (2013). Health workforce needs: Projections complicated by practice and technology changes. Issue Brief George Washington University. National Health Policy Forum, 851, 1–15.
Zurück zum Zitat de Cruppé, W., Malik, M., & Geraedts, M. (2015). Minimum volume standards in German hospitals: Do they get along with procedure centralization? A retrospective longitudinal data analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 15. de Cruppé, W., Malik, M., & Geraedts, M. (2015). Minimum volume standards in German hospitals: Do they get along with procedure centralization? A retrospective longitudinal data analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 15.
Zurück zum Zitat Dial, T. H., Palsbo, S. E., Bergsten, C., Gabel, J. R., & Weiner, J. (1995). Clinical staffing in staff- and group-model HMOs. Health Affairs, 14(2), 168–180.CrossRef Dial, T. H., Palsbo, S. E., Bergsten, C., Gabel, J. R., & Weiner, J. (1995). Clinical staffing in staff- and group-model HMOs. Health Affairs, 14(2), 168–180.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Flodgren, G., Rachas, A., Farmer, A. J., Inzitari, M., & Shepperd, S. (2015). Interactive telemedicine: Effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. In The Cochrane Collaboration (Ed.), Cochrane database of systematic review. Chichester: Wiley. Flodgren, G., Rachas, A., Farmer, A. J., Inzitari, M., & Shepperd, S. (2015). Interactive telemedicine: Effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. In The Cochrane Collaboration (Ed.), Cochrane database of systematic review. Chichester: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Free, C., Phillips, G., Galli, L., Watson, L., Felix, L., Edwards, P., et al. (2013). The effectiveness of mobile-health technology-based health behaviour change or disease management interventions for health care consumers: A systematic review. PLoS Medicine, 10(1), e1001362.CrossRef Free, C., Phillips, G., Galli, L., Watson, L., Felix, L., Edwards, P., et al. (2013). The effectiveness of mobile-health technology-based health behaviour change or disease management interventions for health care consumers: A systematic review. PLoS Medicine, 10(1), e1001362.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fries, J. F., Bruce, B., & Chakravarty, E. (2011). Compression of morbidity 1980–2011: A focused review of paradigms and progress. Journal of Aging Research, 2011, 1–10.CrossRef Fries, J. F., Bruce, B., & Chakravarty, E. (2011). Compression of morbidity 1980–2011: A focused review of paradigms and progress. Journal of Aging Research, 2011, 1–10.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Garrido, M. V., Zentner, A., & Busse, R. (2011). The effects of gatekeeping: A systematic review of the literature. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 29(1), 28–38.CrossRef Garrido, M. V., Zentner, A., & Busse, R. (2011). The effects of gatekeeping: A systematic review of the literature. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 29(1), 28–38.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat GMENAC. (1980). Report of the graduate medical education national advisory committee to the secretary, department of health and human services: Vol. II. Modeling, research, and data technical panel (p. 348). Hyattsville, MD: The US American Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee. Report No. HRA-81-652. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://eric.ed.gov/?idED203766. GMENAC. (1980). Report of the graduate medical education national advisory committee to the secretary, department of health and human services: Vol. II. Modeling, research, and data technical panel (p. 348). Hyattsville, MD: The US American Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee. Report No. HRA-81-652. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://​eric.​ed.​gov/​?​idED203766.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodman, D. C., Fisher, E. S., Bubolz, T. A., Mohr, J. E., Poage, J. F., & Wennberg, J. E. (1996). Benchmarking the US physician workforce: An alternative to needs-based or demand-based planning. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276(22), 1811–1817.CrossRef Goodman, D. C., Fisher, E. S., Bubolz, T. A., Mohr, J. E., Poage, J. F., & Wennberg, J. E. (1996). Benchmarking the US physician workforce: An alternative to needs-based or demand-based planning. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276(22), 1811–1817.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gosden, T., Forland, F., Kristiansen, I., Sutton, M., Leese, B., Giuffrida, A., et al. (2000). Capitation, salary, fee-for-service and mixed systems of payment: Effects on the behaviour of primary care physicians. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, 3, CD002215. Gosden, T., Forland, F., Kristiansen, I., Sutton, M., Leese, B., Giuffrida, A., et al. (2000). Capitation, salary, fee-for-service and mixed systems of payment: Effects on the behaviour of primary care physicians. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, 3, CD002215.
Zurück zum Zitat Green, L. V., Savin, S., & Lu, Y. (2013). Primary care physician shortages could be eliminated through use of teams, nonphysicians and electronic communication. Health Affairs, 32(1), 11–19.CrossRef Green, L. V., Savin, S., & Lu, Y. (2013). Primary care physician shortages could be eliminated through use of teams, nonphysicians and electronic communication. Health Affairs, 32(1), 11–19.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Greene, J., & Moline, K. (2006). The bird flu pandemic: Can it happen? Will it happen? How to protect yourself and your family if it does (1st ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books. Greene, J., & Moline, K. (2006). The bird flu pandemic: Can it happen? Will it happen? How to protect yourself and your family if it does (1st ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Grover, A., & Niecko-Najjum, L. M. (2013). Primary care teams: Are we there yet? Implications for workforce planning. Academic Medicine, 88(12), 1827–1829. Grover, A., & Niecko-Najjum, L. M. (2013). Primary care teams: Are we there yet? Implications for workforce planning. Academic Medicine, 88(12), 1827–1829.
Zurück zum Zitat Harris, J. E. (1986). How many doctors are enough? Health Affairs, 5(4), 73–83.CrossRef Harris, J. E. (1986). How many doctors are enough? Health Affairs, 5(4), 73–83.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Inglis, S. C., Clark, R. A., McAlister, F. A., Ball, J., Lewinter, C., Cullington, D., et al. (2010). Structured telephone support or telemonitoring programmes for patients with chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, 8, CD007228. Inglis, S. C., Clark, R. A., McAlister, F. A., Ball, J., Lewinter, C., Cullington, D., et al. (2010). Structured telephone support or telemonitoring programmes for patients with chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, 8, CD007228.
Zurück zum Zitat Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobson, M., Earle, C. C., Price, M., & Newhouse, J. P. (2010). How medicare’s payment cuts for cancer chemotherapy drugs changed patterns of treatment. Health Affairs, 29(7), 1391–1399. Jacobson, M., Earle, C. C., Price, M., & Newhouse, J. P. (2010). How medicare’s payment cuts for cancer chemotherapy drugs changed patterns of treatment. Health Affairs, 29(7), 1391–1399.
Zurück zum Zitat Krabbe-Alkemade, Y. J. F. M., Groot, T. L. C. M., & Lindeboom, M. (2017). Competition in the Dutch hospital sector: An analysis of health care volume and cost. European Journal of Health Economics, 18(2), 139–153.CrossRef Krabbe-Alkemade, Y. J. F. M., Groot, T. L. C. M., & Lindeboom, M. (2017). Competition in the Dutch hospital sector: An analysis of health care volume and cost. European Journal of Health Economics, 18(2), 139–153.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Laven, G., & Wilkinson, D. (2003). Rural doctors and rural backgrounds: How strong is the evidence? A systematic review. The Australian Journal of Rural Health, 11(6), 277–284.CrossRef Laven, G., & Wilkinson, D. (2003). Rural doctors and rural backgrounds: How strong is the evidence? A systematic review. The Australian Journal of Rural Health, 11(6), 277–284.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lewandowski, S., O’Connor, P. J., Solberg, L. I., Lais, T., Hroscikoski, M., & Sperl-Hillen, J. M. (2006). Increasing primary care physician productivity: A case study. The American Journal of Managed Care, 12(10), 573–576. Lewandowski, S., O’Connor, P. J., Solberg, L. I., Lais, T., Hroscikoski, M., & Sperl-Hillen, J. M. (2006). Increasing primary care physician productivity: A case study. The American Journal of Managed Care, 12(10), 573–576.
Zurück zum Zitat Livaudais, G., Unitan, R., & Post, J. (2006). Total panel ownership and the panel support tool–“It’s all about the relationship”. The Permanente Journal, 10(2), 72–79.CrossRef Livaudais, G., Unitan, R., & Post, J. (2006). Total panel ownership and the panel support tool–“It’s all about the relationship”. The Permanente Journal, 10(2), 72–79.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McNutt, D. R. (1981). GMENAC: Its manpower forecasting framework. American Journal of Public Health, 71(10), 1116–1124.CrossRef McNutt, D. R. (1981). GMENAC: Its manpower forecasting framework. American Journal of Public Health, 71(10), 1116–1124.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Murray, M., & Berwick, D. M. (2003). Advanced access: Reducing waiting and delays in primary care. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(8), 1035–1040.CrossRef Murray, M., & Berwick, D. M. (2003). Advanced access: Reducing waiting and delays in primary care. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(8), 1035–1040.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Murray, M., Davies, M., & Boushon, B. (2007). Panel size: How many patients can one doctor manage? Family Practice Management, 14(4), 44–51. Murray, M., Davies, M., & Boushon, B. (2007). Panel size: How many patients can one doctor manage? Family Practice Management, 14(4), 44–51.
Zurück zum Zitat Neuwirth, E. B., Schmittdiel, J. A., Tallman, K., & Bellows, J. (2007). Understanding panel management: A comparative study of an emerging approach to population care. The Permanente Journal, 11(3), 12–20.CrossRef Neuwirth, E. B., Schmittdiel, J. A., Tallman, K., & Bellows, J. (2007). Understanding panel management: A comparative study of an emerging approach to population care. The Permanente Journal, 11(3), 12–20.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ozegowski, S., & Sundmacher, L. (2014). Understanding the gap between need and utilization in outpatient care—The effect of supply-side determinants on regional inequities. Health Policy, 114(1), 54–63.CrossRef Ozegowski, S., & Sundmacher, L. (2014). Understanding the gap between need and utilization in outpatient care—The effect of supply-side determinants on regional inequities. Health Policy, 114(1), 54–63.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, M. S., Arron, M. J., Sinsky, T. A., Green, E. H., Baker, D. W., Bowen, J. L., et al. (2013). Estimating the staffing infrastructure for a patient-centered medical home. The American Journal of Managed Care, 19(6), 509–516. Patel, M. S., Arron, M. J., Sinsky, T. A., Green, E. H., Baker, D. W., Bowen, J. L., et al. (2013). Estimating the staffing infrastructure for a patient-centered medical home. The American Journal of Managed Care, 19(6), 509–516.
Zurück zum Zitat Petterson, S. M., Liaw, W. R., Phillips, R. L., Rabin, D. L., Meyers, D. S., & Bazemore, A. W. (2012). Projecting US primary care physician workforce needs: 2010–2025. Annals of Family Medicine, 10(6), 503–509.CrossRef Petterson, S. M., Liaw, W. R., Phillips, R. L., Rabin, D. L., Meyers, D. S., & Bazemore, A. W. (2012). Projecting US primary care physician workforce needs: 2010–2025. Annals of Family Medicine, 10(6), 503–509.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reid, R. J., Coleman, K., Johnson, E. A., Fishman, P. A., Hsu, C., Soman, M. P., et al. (2010). The group health medical home at year two: Cost savings, higher patient satisfaction, and less burnout for providers. Health Affairs, 29(5), 835–843.CrossRef Reid, R. J., Coleman, K., Johnson, E. A., Fishman, P. A., Hsu, C., Soman, M. P., et al. (2010). The group health medical home at year two: Cost savings, higher patient satisfaction, and less burnout for providers. Health Affairs, 29(5), 835–843.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reinhardt, U. E. (1981). The GMENAC forecast: An alternative view. American Journal of Public Health, 71(10), 1149–1157.CrossRef Reinhardt, U. E. (1981). The GMENAC forecast: An alternative view. American Journal of Public Health, 71(10), 1149–1157.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Roberfroid, D., Leonard, C., & Stordeur, S. (2009). Physician supply forecast: Better than peering in a crystal ball? Human Resources for Health, 7, 10.CrossRef Roberfroid, D., Leonard, C., & Stordeur, S. (2009). Physician supply forecast: Better than peering in a crystal ball? Human Resources for Health, 7, 10.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rose, K. D., Ross, J. S., & Horwitz, L. I. (2011). Advanced access scheduling outcomes: A systematic review. Archives of Internal Medicine, 171(13), 1150–1159.CrossRef Rose, K. D., Ross, J. S., & Horwitz, L. I. (2011). Advanced access scheduling outcomes: A systematic review. Archives of Internal Medicine, 171(13), 1150–1159.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shadmi, E., Balicer, R. D., Kinder, K., Abrams, C., & Weiner, J. P. (2011). Assessing socioeconomic health care utilization inequity in Israel: Impact of alternative approaches to morbidity adjustment. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 609.CrossRef Shadmi, E., Balicer, R. D., Kinder, K., Abrams, C., & Weiner, J. P. (2011). Assessing socioeconomic health care utilization inequity in Israel: Impact of alternative approaches to morbidity adjustment. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 609.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sundmacher, L., & Kopetsch, T. (2014). The impact of office-based care on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. European Journal of Health Economics, 16(4), 365–375.CrossRef Sundmacher, L., & Kopetsch, T. (2014). The impact of office-based care on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. European Journal of Health Economics, 16(4), 365–375.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thode, N., Bergmann, D. E., Kamtsiuris, P., & Kurth, B.-M. (2005). Einflussfaktoren auf die ambulante Inanspruchnahme in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz, 48(3), 296–306.CrossRef Thode, N., Bergmann, D. E., Kamtsiuris, P., & Kurth, B.-M. (2005). Einflussfaktoren auf die ambulante Inanspruchnahme in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz, 48(3), 296–306.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weiner, J. P. (2002). A shortage of physicians or a surplus of assumptions? Health Affairs, 21(1), 160–162.CrossRef Weiner, J. P. (2002). A shortage of physicians or a surplus of assumptions? Health Affairs, 21(1), 160–162.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weiner, J. P. (2004). Prepaid group practice staffing and U.S. physician supply: Lessons for workforce policy. Health Affairs. Suppl Web Exclusives: W4-43-59. Weiner, J. P. (2004). Prepaid group practice staffing and U.S. physician supply: Lessons for workforce policy. Health Affairs. Suppl Web Exclusives: W4-43-59.
Zurück zum Zitat Weiner, J. P., Steinwachs, D. M., & Williamson, J. W. (1986). Nurse practitioner and physician assistant practices in three HMOs: Implications for future US health manpower needs. American Journal of Public Health, 76(5), 507–511.CrossRef Weiner, J. P., Steinwachs, D. M., & Williamson, J. W. (1986). Nurse practitioner and physician assistant practices in three HMOs: Implications for future US health manpower needs. American Journal of Public Health, 76(5), 507–511.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weiner, J. P., Yeh, S., & Blumenthal, D. (2013). The impact of health information technology and e-health on the future demand for physician services. Health Affairs, 32(11), 1998–2004.CrossRef Weiner, J. P., Yeh, S., & Blumenthal, D. (2013). The impact of health information technology and e-health on the future demand for physician services. Health Affairs, 32(11), 1998–2004.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson, N. W., Couper, I. D., De Vries, E., Reid, S., Fish, T., & Marais, B. J. (2009). A critical review of interventions to redress the inequitable distribution of healthcare professionals to rural and remote areas. Rural and Remote Health, 9(2), 1060. Wilson, N. W., Couper, I. D., De Vries, E., Reid, S., Fish, T., & Marais, B. J. (2009). A critical review of interventions to redress the inequitable distribution of healthcare professionals to rural and remote areas. Rural and Remote Health, 9(2), 1060.
Metadaten
Titel
Planning
verfasst von
Susanne Ozegowski
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69262-9_18

Premium Partner