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2016 | Buch

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Polymeric Hydrogels as Smart Biomaterials

herausgegeben von: Susheel Kalia

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book is concerned with polymeric hydrogels, which are considered as one of the most promising types of new polymer-based materials. Each chapter in this book describes a selected class of polymeric hydrogels, such as superabsorbent hybrid nanohydrogels, conducting polymer hydrogels, polysaccharide-based or protein-based hydrogels, or gels based on synthetic polymers. In this way, the book also addresses some of the fascinating properties and applications of polymeric hydrogels: they are three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric networks that can absorb, swell and retain large quantities of water or aqueous fluids. In combination with metal nanoparticles, nanofibrils or nanowhiskers, which may be embedded in the gels, they find widespread applications, ranging from agriculture, and waste water treatment, over electronics, to pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Applications mentioned in this book include electro sensors, capacitors, electromechanical actuators, and even artificial muscles.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Polymeric Hydrogels: A Review of Recent Developments

Abstract

Hydrogels are special types of polymers that have enormous capacity to absorb large volumes of water. Hydrogels are natural as well as man-made. To suit to a type of an application, hydrogel can be modified to tailor made properties that can be exploited for natural, applied, and medical sciences. This chapter deals with the recent research done in the area of hydrogels, modified hydrogels, hydrogel composites, and nanocomposites. General trends of the thrust areas where hydrogels have prime role of importance were biomedical and health care. However, the other areas such as environmental aspects for the utility of hydrogels have also been an area of interest among researchers across the globe.

Shivani Bhardwaj Mishra, Ajay Kumar Mishra

Conductive Polymer Hydrogels

Abstract

Combining electrical properties with synthetic scaffolds such as hydrogels is an attractive approach for the design of the ideal synthetic soft tissue, one that mimics the architecture of the native extracellular matrix and provides the electronic functionality needed for cell–cell communication. Conducting polymers (CPs) are carbon-based polymers that are electronically active and consequently are being investigated as the structural material for fabrication of electroactive hydrogels. CPs are attractive in that they could be processed in various forms, their chemistry could be modified to introduce different functionalities and most important is their capability to conduct electrons. In this chapter, electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) fabricated from CP either as a single component or as an additive to conventional hydrogel networks are reviewed.

Damia Mawad, Antonio Lauto, Gordon G. Wallace

Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels as Biomaterials

Abstract

The ever-increasing interest to utilize renewable polysaccharide-based hydrogels as biomaterials has created renewed interest in many disciplines including biomedicine, bioengineering, pharmacy, chemistry, and materials science. The volume of literature published in this area is quite extensive as the diversity of these materials seeks novel applications. The polysaccharide-based hydrogels as smart biomaterials have attracted much interest in drug delivery, bioengineering, and electronics domain. Recent advances in micro- and nanobiotechnology have led to renewed interest for targeting drugs, genes, and other biotherapeutics like proteins, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and peptides. These applications have progressed exponentially due to their similarities with soft tissue body components as well as being responsive to external stimuli like temperature, pH, electric and magnetic fields. This chapter covers recent developments and advances in hydrogels derived from natural polysaccharides as biomaterials.

Tejraj M. Aminabhavi, Anand S. Deshmukh

Protein-Based Hydrogels

Abstract

Protein-based hydrogels are composed of isolated or enriched proteins from natural extracellular matrix. Inherent and controllable bioactivity makes these hydrogels promising candidates as smart biomaterials for drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and other applications. Desirable characteristics for these applications include natural cell binding, cell degradable, and growth factor-binding sequences. This chapter covers the unique properties of a variety of proteins (collagen, gelatin, fibrin, silk, elastin, keratin, and decellularized, tissue-specific extracellular matrix) as well as hydrogel synthesis, fabrication, modification, and established applications. Conditions of solubility and the mechanism of the sol–gel transition are discussed. Since each protein presented undergoes self-assembly to form a gel network, gelation parameters that affect this assembly and subsequently the gel ultrastructure are specifically presented. Emerging applications and technologies for protein-based hydrogels are also briefly mentioned.

Alexandra L. Rutz, Ramille N. Shah

Sterculia Gum-Based Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Applications

Abstract

Sterculia gum is one of the medicinally important plant-derived water soluble polysaccharides obtained from the exudate of the tree, Sterculia urens (Family: sterculiaceae). It is recognized as a promising biodegradable material in the development of various biomedical applications including drug delivery applications, wound dressing applications, etc. Sterculia gum is also employed as excipient in the designing of various pharmaceutical applications. In recent years, several attempts for the modification of sterculia gum have been undertaken to develop sterculia gum-based hydrogels for controlling the rate of hydration and swelling, and also tailoring the release profile of various types of drugs. In the development of these sterculia gum-based hydrogels, modifications of sterculia gum through polymer blending, cross-linking, interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) formation, polymer grafting, etc., were investigated for improved drug delivery applications. Most of these already reported sterculia gum-based hydrogels were found effective for gastroretentive deliveries as wound dressings for sustained release of various drugs. The current chapter deals with a comprehensive and useful discussion on already investigated sterculia gum-based hydrogels for the use in drug delivery applications, where the first portion of the chapter contains source, composition, and properties of sterculia gum and the latter portion contains discussion on the formulations of various sterculia gum-based hydrogel systems used for various types of drug delivery applications.

Amit Kumar Nayak, Dilipkumar Pal

Antimicrobial Polymeric Hydrogels

Abstract

Microbial infections continue to endanger human health and present a great economic problem to society. To solve this predicament, great efforts to develop macromolecules that can inhibit pathogens without incurring pathogen resistance are needed. The development of antimicrobial polymeric hydrogels has grown considerably as an important alternative in the fight against pathogen drug resistance. This chapter summarizes significant and recent progress in the manufacture and application of antimicrobial hydrogels. Advances in macromolecular sciences have made it possible to modify molecular structure and functionality to generate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. As a result, the range of biomedical applications has expanded significantly, from wound dressings, tissue engineering, medical device, and surface coatings; to creams for the treatment and deterrence of multi-drug resistant strains. Both natural and synthetic hydrogels possessing either inherent antimicrobial properties or loaded with antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, or metal nanoparticles are discussed herein.

Jaydee D. Cabral

Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels for Decontamination for Organic Waste

Abstract

Organic waste material in water is accumulated from domestic and industrial discharge. The nature and type of organic contaminants in wastewater differ based on the industrial products and domestic usage. Some of the organic pollutants occur from soap and detergents, petroleum products, dye and textile industries, drugs and pharmaceuticals, herbicide and pesticide and many more. There are numerous technologies available for the treatment of organics that may include the physical, chemical, photocatalytic and microbial processes. The hydrogels offers eco-friendly substrates that have been investigated for decontamination of organics. There are varieties of hydrogels available for different application in pristine forms as well as synthetic forms. Among these, biopolymers that have been categorized as hydrogels and were used for treating organic pollutants have been discussed in this chapter.

Ajay Kumar Mishra, Shivani Bhardwaj Mishra

Chitosan and Starch-Based Hydrogels Via Graft Copolymerization

Abstract

Graft copolymerization is an attractive method for surface functionalization of natural polymers and can be initiated by chemical methods, radiation technique, and other systems. Polymer grafting onto polysaccharides is an effective method for the synthesis of superabsorbents. Depending upon the type of monomers and the conditions employed the properties of graft copolymers vary to a large extent. Chitosan is a nontoxic, biocompatible polysaccharide, and starch is a natural hydrophilic biopolymer. Both these are most abundant natural organic materials which are extensively investigated in the development of biodegradable and environment-friendly materials. Their hydrogels are of utmost importance for wide use in many fields including structural transplants, target drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensors, adsorbents, etc. In this chapter, the various techniques used for the synthesis of chitosan/starch graft copolymers, their properties and possible applications are discussed in detail.

Annamaria Celli, Magdy W. Sabaa, Alummoottil N. Jyothi, Susheel Kalia

Titel: Polymeric Hydrogels as Smart Biomaterials
herausgegeben von: Susheel Kalia
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-25322-0
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25320-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25322-0

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