1 Introduction
2 Experimental section
2.1 Materials
2.2 Preparation and treatment of silica sols
Sample | TEOS | MPS | Ethanol | Water | HAc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1K0.5E0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 3 | 0.09 |
T1K0.5E3 | 1 | 0.5 | 3 | 3 | 0.15 |
T1K1E0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0.12 |
T1K1E4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0.2 |
T1K2E0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0.18 |
T1K2E6 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 0.3 |
T1K3E0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 0.24 |
T1K3E8 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 0.4 |
2.3 Preparation of UV-curable organic–inorganic hybrid coating materials
2.4 Characterization
3 Results and discussion
3.1 Synthesis and morphology of the sol
3.2 Stability of the sol dispersion
3.3 (C=C) double bond conversion of UV-curable hybrid coating formulations
3.4 Morphology of cured hybrid coating materials
3.5 Thermal gravimetric analysis
Sample | Residual solvent (wt%) | T5% (°C) | T50% (°C) | Char yield at 700 °C (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
H-T1K2E6 | 18.16 | 203.35 | 426.48 | 22.09 |
H-T1K2E6-A | 18.5 | 261.34 | 427.31 | 29.01 |
H-T1K2E0 | 61.15 | 222.43 | 432.77 | 25.13 |
H-T1K2E0-A | 68.9 | 288.27 | 435.90 | 28.51 |
The blank | – | 280.19 | 405.38 | 10.68 |
3.6 Combustion behaviors
Sample | pHRR (w/g) | THR (kJ/g) | Tmax (°C) | LOI (%) | FPV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H-T1K2E6-A | 129.8 | 11.6 | 439.3 | 19.8 | 18.2 |
H-T1K2E0-A | 129.9 | 11.7 | 431.7 | 19.6 | 18.9 |
H-T1K2E6 | 169.4 | 15.1 | 435.5 | 18.2 | 43.2 |
H-T1K2E0 | – | – | – | 18.4 | 33.1 |
The blank | 223.7 | 19.7 | 435.3 | 20.0 | 18.7 |
Sample | Time to ignition (s) | Flame duration time (s) |
---|---|---|
H-T1K2E6-A | 32 | 0 |
H-T1K2E0-A | 29 | 0 |
The blank | 15 | 105 |
3.7 The physical properties of hybrid coatings
Sample | Residual solvent (wt%) | Pencil hardness (H) | Pendulum hardness (s) | Cross-cut adhesion | Scratch resistance (g) | Transmittance (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The blank | – | 3 | 260 | 4B | 300 | 92.1 |
H-TIK2E6-A | 18.16 | 6 | 338 | 5B | 800 | 91.6 |
H-TIK2E0-A | 18.5 | 6 | 340 | 4B | 800 | 91.1 |