Introduction
Entrepreneurial ecosystem: definitions and dimensions
Components of an entrepreneurship ecosystem
Finance
Human resource development
Markets
Support
Governmental role
Infrastructure
Industrial relationship networks
Mentorship
Methodology
Identification
Dimensions | Source(s) |
---|---|
Academia-industry collaborative initiatives | |
Alliance | Sharma & Chrisman, (1999) |
Angel investor | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Building infrastructure | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Capital structure | |
Collaboration among the industries | Rahatullah (2013) |
Commercial banks | Isenberg (2010) |
Communities from local area | Mokry (1988) |
Communities individual | Kao (1993) |
Consultant for the legal affair | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Consultant of marketing | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Consulting firms | Rahatullah (2013) |
Culture | Isenberg (2010) |
Developmental role of govt | Suresh and Ramraj (2012) |
Distributing processes | Van De Ven (1993) |
Early customers. | Isenberg (2010) |
Ease of immigration for foreigners | Dana (1999) |
Economic clusters | Isenberg (2010) |
Educational institution | |
Environmental support | Suresh and Ramraj (2012) |
Existence of local markets | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Financial incentives | |
Financial support | Suresh and Ramraj (2012) |
Government support | |
Governmental institutions for entrepreneurial finance | Hindle (2010) |
Governmental skill enhancement programs | Suresh and Ramraj (2012) |
Human resource | Isenberg (2010) |
Incubation centers | |
Industrial clusters | Cohen (2006) |
Industrial infrastructure | Van De Ven (1993) |
Industrial networks | Van De Ven (1993) |
Industrial trainings | Van De Ven (1993) |
Infrastructure | Isenberg (2010) |
Intellectual property rights | Rahatullah (2013) |
International donors role | Rahatullah (2013) |
IT infrastructure | Rahatullah (2013) |
Leadership | Isenberg (2010) |
Lobbying firms | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Local supplier market | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Management consultant | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Market | Isenberg (2010) |
Marketing facilities | Van De Ven (1993) |
Mega urban centers | Penning (1982) |
Mentoring programs | Chautin (2011) |
Micro finance banks | Chautin (2011) |
Moral support | Suresh and Ramraj (2012) |
Network formal as well as informal | Cohen (2006) |
Network informally | |
Network support | Suresh and Ramraj (2012) |
Networking | |
NGOs | Hindle (2010) |
Non-financial incentives | Dana (1990) |
On-the-job trainings | Mubarik (2015) |
Policies of strategic level given by government | Szabó (1995) |
Policy | Isenberg (2010) |
Pool of talented persons | Cohen (2006) |
Private equity funds | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Professional | Cohen (2006) |
Professional networking | Mubarik (2015) |
Public and private sector partnership | Isenberg (2010) |
Regulatory role | Rasiah et al. (2017) |
Research center for business | Szabó (1995) |
Research culture | Rahatullah (2013) |
Resource endowment funds | Rahatullah (2013) |
Rules and regulations minimization | Dana (1990) |
Social networks | Mubarik (2016) |
Social support | Mubarik (2016) |
societal systems that admire | Vesper (1983) |
Solicitors | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Success stories | Isenberg (2010) |
support services | |
Technology support | Suresh and Ramraj (2012) |
Training facilities | Penning (1982) |
Value chain | Van de Ven (1993) |
Venture capitalist | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Vocational training | Van Praag and Versloot (2007) |
Selection
Expert group | Description | Number sampled |
---|---|---|
Entrepreneurs | Running own entrepreneurial ventures for last 02 years | 10 |
Entrepreneurship policy advisers | Think tanks, government official and researchers advising governments for 05 years on the policy development related to entrepreneurship ecosystem | 09 |
Investors | Financer who has financed at least 02 successful entrepreneurial ventures in the last 02 years | 09 |
Director ORICs | Heads of Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization are in universities responsible for promoting business incubation centers | 09 |
Total | 37 |
Prioritization
Degree of importance | Definition |
---|---|
1 | Both dimensions are equally important |
2 | Weakly/moderately important |
3 | Strongly important |
4 | Very strongly important |
5 | Extremely important |
2, 4, 6, 8 | Intermediate values |
Results and discussion
Selection
Respondent profile | Frequency |
---|---|
a. Gender | |
Male | 26 |
Female | 11 |
b. Qualification | |
Graduate | 10 |
Masters | 22 |
Ph.D. | 05 |
c. Occupation | |
Investors | 9 |
Entrepreneurship policy advisers | 9 |
Entrepreneur | 10 |
Director ORICs | 9 |
Academia-industry collaborative initiatives | 2.98 |
Consulting firms | 2.95 |
Developmental role of government | 2.94 |
Commercial banks | 2.92 |
Building infrastructure | 2.91 |
Moral support | 2.88 |
Alliance | 2.87 |
NGOs | 2.86 |
On-the-job trainings | 2.85 |
Regulatory role (of government) | 2.84 |
Industrial networks | 2.83 |
Industrial clusters | 2.81 |
Environmental support | 2.81 |
Resource endowment funds | 2.8 |
Social networks | 2.79 |
Marketing facilities | 2.79 |
Social support | 2.78 |
Local supplier market | 2.78 |
Angel investors | 2.78 |
Existence of local markets | 2.77 |
Success stories | 2.76 |
Incubation center | 2.75 |
Governmental skill enhancement programs | 2.74 |
Micro finance banks | 2.73 |
Industrial trainings | 2.73 |
Governmental institutions for entrepreneurial finance | 2.72 |
Technology support | 2.71 |
Leadership | 2.71 |
Vocational trainings | 2.69 |
International donors role | 2.69 |
IT infrastructure | 2.68 |
Mega urban centers | 2.67 |
Professional networking | 2.66 |
Communities from local area | 2.5 |
Collaboration among the industries | 2.5 |
Capital | 2.5 |
Communities individual | 2.47 |
Culture | 2.45 |
Early customers | 2.44 |
Distributing processes | 2.44 |
Economic clusters | 2.43 |
Ease of immigration for foreigners | 2.43 |
Educational institution | 2.42 |
Education | 2.42 |
Financial resources | 2.41 |
Financial incentives | 2.41 |
Finance | 2.41 |
Government support | 2.4 |
Government | 2.4 |
Financial support | 2.4 |
Human resource | 2.3 |
Intellectual property rights | 2.25 |
Lobbying firms | 2.23 |
Market | 2.22 |
Management consultant | 2.22 |
Mentoring programs | 2.21 |
Mega urban centers | 2.21 |
Marketing processes | 2.21 |
Moral support | 2.2 |
Networking | 2.18 |
Network support | 2.18 |
Network informally | 2.18 |
Network formal as well as informal | 2.18 |
Networks of professional | 2.15 |
societal systems that admire | 2.13 |
Non-financial incentives | 2.13 |
Policies of strategic level given by government | 2.12 |
Pool of talented persons | 2.11 |
Policy | 2.11 |
Solicitors | 2.1 |
Regulatory role | 2.1 |
Public and private sector partnership | 2.1 |
Professional | 2.1 |
Private equity funds | 2.1 |
Research center for business | 2.09 |
Research | 2.09 |
Support services | 2.08 |
Success stories | 2.08 |
Rules and regulations minimization | 2.08 |
Research culture | 2.08 |
Technology support | 2.07 |
Value chain | 2.06 |
Training facilities | 2.06 |
Venture capitalist | 2.05 |
S# | Dimensions | Sub-dimensions |
---|---|---|
1 | Markets | Industrial clusters, existence of local markets, local supplier market, mega urban centers, marketing facilities |
2 | Finance | Angel investors, micro finance banks, commercial banks, NGOs, governmental institutions for entrepreneurial finance |
3 | Human resource development | On-the-job trainings, industrial trainings, vocational trainings, academia-industry collaborative initiatives, governmental skill enhancement programs, international donors role |
4 | Support | Moral support, social support, environmental support, technology support |
5 | Government role | Regulatory role, developmental role |
6 | Infrastructure | Resource endowment funds, incubation centers, consulting firms, IT infrastructure, building infrastructure |
7 | Industrial network relationship | Alliance, industrial networks, professional networking, social networks |
8 | Mentorship | Leadership, success stories |
Prioritization
(2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human resource development (1) | 1.64 | 1.03 | 1.29 | 1.74 | 1.25 | 1.17 | 2.29 |
Finance (2) | 1 | 1.56 | 1.23 | 1.96 | 1.11 | 1.39 | 1.65 |
Support (3) | 1 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 0.89 | 1.25 | 1.02 | |
Industrial network relationship (4) | 1 | 1.41 | 0.95 | 1.11 | 1.14 | ||
Government role (5) | 1 | 0.77 | 1.41 | 1.08 | |||
Infrastructure (6) | 1 | 1.23 | 1.51 | ||||
Mentorship (7) | 1 | 1.73 | |||||
Markets (8) | 1 | ||||||
CR = 0.10 |
Markets | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
Mega urban centers | 2.57 | 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.06 | |
Marketing facilities | 1.95 | 1.64 | 1.24 | ||
Existence of local markets | 1.81 | 1.19 | |||
Industrial clusters | 1.49 | ||||
Local supplier market | 1 | ||||
CR = 0.000 | |||||
Finance | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
Angel investors (1) | 2.13 | 1.89 | 1.68 | 1.59 | |
Governmental institutions for entrepreneurial finance (2) | 1.81 | 1.52 | 1.18 | ||
NGOs (3) | 1.14 | 1.09 | |||
Microfinance banks (4) | 1.06 | ||||
Commercial banks (5) | 1 | ||||
CR = 0.005 | |||||
Human resource development | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
Industrial trainings (1) | 2.57 | 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.06 | 1.06 |
Academia-industry collaborative initiatives (2) | 1.95 | 1.64 | 1.24 | 1.24 | |
Vocational training (3) | 1.81 | 1.19 | 1.19 | ||
Governmental skill enhancement programs (4) | 1.49 | 1.49 | |||
International donors role (5) | 1.33 | ||||
On-the-job training (6) | 1 | ||||
CR = 0.000 | |||||
Support | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||
Technology support (1) | 3.25 | 2.91 | 2.25 | ||
Environmental support (2) | 2.27 | 2.11 | |||
Moral support (3) | 1.84 | ||||
Social support (4) | 1 | ||||
CR = 0.000 | |||||
Government | (1) | (2) | |||
Regulatory role | 1 | 1.6 | |||
Developmental role | 1 | ||||
CR = 0.000 | |||||
Infrastructure | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
IT infrastructure (1) | 2.77 | 2.32 | 1.91 | 1.68 | |
Incubation centers (2) | 2.21 | 1.89 | 1.54 | ||
Consulting firms (3) | 1.72 | 1.44 | |||
Building infrastructure (4) | 1.25 | ||||
Resource endowment funds (5) | 1 | ||||
CR = 0.0001 | |||||
Industrial network relationship | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||
Professional networking (1) | 2.89 | 2.34 | 1.78 | ||
Alliance (2) | 1.59 | 1.36 | |||
Social networks (3) | 1.28 | ||||
Industrial networks (4) | 1 | ||||
CR = 0.000 | |||||
Mentorship | (1) | (2) | |||
Leadership | 1 | 1.71 | |||
Success stories | 1 | ||||
CR = 0.000 |
Dimensions | LW | Sub-dimensions | LW | GW |
---|---|---|---|---|
Markets | 0.08 | Industrial clusters | 0.13 | 0.010 |
Existence of local markets | 0.17 | 0.014 | ||
Local supplier market | 0.11 | 0.009 | ||
Mega urban centers | 0.33 | 0.026 | ||
Marketing facilities | 0.26 | 0.021 | ||
Finance | 0.15 | Angel investors | 0.3 | 0.045 |
Micro finance banks | 0.17 | 0.026 | ||
Commercial banks | 0.11 | 0.017 | ||
NGOs | 0.18 | 0.027 | ||
Governmental institutions for entrepreneurial finance | 0.24 | 0.036 | ||
Human resource development | 0.18 | On-the-job training | 0.08 | 0.014 |
Industrial trainings | 0.25 | 0.045 | ||
Vocational trainings | 0.19 | 0.034 | ||
Academia-industry collaborative initiatives | 0.21 | 0.038 | ||
Governmental skill enhancement programs | 0.18 | 0.032 | ||
International donors role | 0.09 | 0.016 | ||
Support | 0.15 | Moral support | 0.24 | 0.036 |
Social support | 0.21 | 0.032 | ||
Environmental support | 0.25 | 0.038 | ||
Technology support | 0.3 | 0.045 | ||
Government role | 0.11 | Regulatory role | 0.6 | 0.066 |
Developmental role | 0.4 | 0.044 | ||
Infrastructure | 0.09 | Resource endowment funds | 0.11 | 0.010 |
Incubation centers | 0.22 | 0.020 | ||
Consulting firms | 0.18 | 0.016 | ||
IT infrastructure | 0.31 | 0.028 | ||
Building infrastructure | 0.18 | 0.016 | ||
Industrial network relationship | 0.15 | Alliance | 0.25 | 0.038 |
Industrial networks | 0.21 | 0.032 | ||
Professional networking | 0.3 | 0.045 | ||
Social networks | 0.24 | 0.036 | ||
Mentorship | 0.09 | Leadership | 0.62 | 0.056 |
Success stories | 0.38 | 0.034 |