Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Inventive Material Science Applications

The growing environmental concerns in recent years have led to the acceptance of vegetable oil bio-based lubricants as an acceptable replacement for petroleum-based lubricants. In this article, we analyze the tribological properties of three different bio-nano-lubricants with ZrO2, TiO2, and ZnO as additives, and explain how the nanoparticles diffuse into mixed vegetable oils. Lubricant samples are prepared by mixing two different vegetable oils, such as castor oil and sunflower oil, in different ratios, then dispersing the nanoparticles in the mixed oil and sonicating to ensure homogeneity of the mixture using a magnetic stirrer. The viscosity is determined using a Redwood viscometer. Measurement of the flash point and ignition point is done with the Pensky–Martin Closed Cup Tester. All friction and anti-wear properties of lubricating fluids are measured using a four-ball tester according to ASTM D 4172–92. Results are compared with several mineral oils. The use of nanoparticles significantly improves friction and wear properties compared to other types of mineral oils. The results of this study also showed superior levels of other attributes, including viscosity, when compared to mineral oil-based lubricants.

Eu³⁺ doped ZnS was prepared using a reflux method. Using different techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, PL, and UV, the structural, morphological, and optical properties were examined. Photoluminescence studies show the most intense electric dipole transition ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂, which is particularly sensitive to the chemical bond in the vicinity of an ion of europium (III) when excited at 350 nm. The CIE studies show all the prepared samples fall in the white regions, which have potential applications in optical devices, lightning outdoors, etc. The degradation percentage of methyl red was found to be 90% and follows first-order kinetics. Additionally, the Eu³⁺ plays a crucial role in the production of free radicals. As a result, the catalyst has enhanced degradation activity, high stability, and can be utilized for the degradation of toxic dyes present in the environment.

This article explores the buckling phenomenon in UG-CNTRC plates exposed to in-plane loading. The analytical modelling approach employed a Reissner–Mindlin (FOST), and a numerical computational coding, ABAQUS, was utilized to examine the performance of the (UD-CNTRC) plate-subjected buckling. Effective material properties of SWCNT were obtained by applying RM. The validity of the results from the computational tool was validated by comparison with existing literature and analytical FOST. An analysis was conducted on different variables, including the side-to-thickness ratio, CNT volume fraction, loading as well as boundary specification, to investigate their impacts on the stability performance of plates. The research further examined stiffened CNTRC plates, and the findings were presented.

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is basically a die-sinking process. First, material is removed where the current density is high, and a replica of the tool is reproduced on the work. The productivity of EDM can be increased by increasing the spark frequency. This is done by introducing conductive metal powder. Process performance of EDM depends both on the tool as well as the work material. In this current research work, the effect of graphite powder of size 30–40 μ is used with a combination of Monel 400 as a workpiece material and copper as a cathode. Monel 400 is a nickel-based superalloy material and is widely used in the chemical processing industry, automotive, marine industry, oil and gas extraction, pollution control, and waste processing industry, and high-temperature applications. Processes parameters chosen for the experiments include powder concentration, peak current and pulse-on time. The effect of these parameters on Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Material Removal Rate (MRR) is investigated. The Taguchi orthogonal array was used as the basis for the studies. Peak current and tool material were shown to have a significantly higher impact on MRR and TWR using ANOVA. A hybrid method of dimensional and regression analysis was used using MINITAB to build semi-empirical models for material removal rate based on machining parameters and significant thermo-physical characteristics.

Lubricating machines with mineral-based lubricants have become a major cause of pollution now. To use natural oils for making lubricants instead of petroleum is something mainstream researchers have been looking at for a few decades. Though vegetable oils show excellent biodegradability, their cold flow properties are poor compared to functional lubricants. Biodegradable lubricant oils must have excellent cold flow properties as well as competitive costs in order to be accepted widely as usable base stock to industrially usable lubricants. Cold flow characteristics of natural oils are generally subpar to industrial lubricants. This is one major drawback that limits the usage of otherwise abundant vegetable oil. Though vegetable oils show excellent biodegradability, their cold flow properties are poor compared to functional lubricants. In this present study, three vegetable oils have been synthesized to obtain their estolides, they are coconut, sunflower and karanja oils, to analyze the variations. SPARTAN molecular dynamics software is utilized in parallel to understand the molecular structure of products.

In this article, a high-speed cutting tool with complex surface treatment: ion nitriding, ion alloying and coating was used to cut difficult-to-cut chromium-nickel material. The effectiveness of chemical-thermal treatment before coating and its effect on the physicochemical properties has been studied. In the article, for the first time, the process of ion nitriding was carried out to harden the base casting, which contributes to surface hardening at a thickness of 80 microns. After the ion doping process, the surface is coated with (TiAl)N. The processed cutting tools were tested at the machine-building plant of the metallurgical plant. Complex processing of the cutting tool was carried out on a Fus-32 horizontal milling machine in the machine-building shop of the metallurgical plant. This article uses innovative methods of ion nitriding, ion alloying and coating in the complex processing of cutting tools. The main task of the research is to reduce the plastic deformation of the coating on the surface of the cutting tools working under high load.

Material when subjected to severe plastic deformation at the nanoscale level in a process known as nano-severe plastic deformation (NSPD), which produces a nanostructured material. Materials with ultrafine grain sizes, high strength, and enhanced mechanical properties can now be created employing NSPD processes. To create nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained materials, the process involves subjecting the material to high plastic strains to cause deformation at the sub-micron level. Mechanical and thermo-mechanical processes are the two broad groups into which NSPD approaches can be categorised. High-pressure torsion, equal channel angular pressing, repeating corrugation, and straightening are examples of mechanical processes, while accumulative roll bonding and cyclic extrusion compression are examples of thermo-mechanical processes. A variety of nanostructured materials, including metals, alloys, and composites, have been created using NSPD. These materials may find use in a variety of industries, including those that call for high-strength and lightweight materials, like aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering. High plastic strains, often between 100 and 1000%, are applied to the material during NSPD, which causes the production of dislocations, grain boundary movement, and deformation twinning. As a result, mechanical qualities such as high strength, ductility, and fatigue resistance are enhanced. In this work, a review of the effect of NSPD on aluminium and aluminium metal matrix composites have been dealt.

The purpose of this paper is to study various mechanized garbage-picking machines with the view to overcome the challenges associated with roadside garbage picking, various sweeping machines, sweeping processes, handling garbage, and transportation of garbage. This study article summarizes the findings of numerous patents and studies done to improve various garbage-picking mechanisms. Garbage can be collected using a manual, electric motor-powered, or power-operated method. The first manually operated device is typically utilized to collect trash from minor roadways. To work, a second-powered mechanism needs gasoline or diesel. Electric battery power is used to operate the third electric power mechanism. Each mechanism has advantages and limitations. Comparative analyses of various mechanisms are carried out using prior research papers and patents. The majority of patients and researchers indicated enhanced performance and optimized mechanisms employing manual, electric, or other forms of power. These solutions have substantial maintenance costs as well, which raises the overall cost. The revised in this review article.

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is an essential component in modern electronic devices, and its performance parameters need to be continually improved to keep up with advances in technology. However, the memory design with traditional CMOS has many issues in terms of density and leakage current. In this paper, we analyze a FinFET-based SRAM architecture that addresses leakage current problems. The various designs were simulated through the Cadence Virtuoso. The simulation results show that the FinFET design achieves a reduction in leakage current. FinFETs have a better gate control over the channel, which reduces threshold voltage variability, enabling better scalability. The design features a leakage controlling sleep transistor that significantly reduces leakage power. Moreover, FinFET designs has reduced subthreshold leakage, which results in lower standby power consumption. This is important for scaling because it enables the use of smaller devices, which are essential for integration the integraon density of SRAM arrays.

Cold flow properties of vegetable oils are generally subpar to industrial lubricants. This is one major drawback that limits the usage of otherwise abundant vegetable oil. Estolides belong to the class of esters synthesis from naturally occurring oils as carboxylic acid functionality of a fatty acid reacts, forming ester linkage on an unsaturated site of another fatty acid. Estolide number tells the mean number of fatty acids attached to the base fatty acid that varies with respect to synthesis temperature, reacting saturated fatty acids, and other parameters. Though vegetable oils show excellent biodegradability, their cold flow properties are poor compared to functional lubricants. In this present study, three vegetable oils have been synthesized to obtain their estolides, they are coconut, sunflower, and karanja oils to analyze the variations. Lubricating machines with mineral-based lubricants have become a major cause of pollution now. To use natural oils for making lubricants instead of petroleum is something mainstream researchers have been looking at for a few decades. Though vegetable oils show excellent biodegradability, their cold flow properties are poor compared to functional lubricants. Biodegradable lubricant oils must have excellent cold flow properties as well as competitive costs in order to be accepted widely as a base stock for industrial lubricants.

Foams are intentionally produced porous lightweight materials useful in structural, mechanical, acoustic, thermal, and domestic applications. Aluminum and its alloy foams are gaining importance due to lower melting temperatures, lower densities, and ease of manufacturing by a variety of techniques, light in weight, good strength-to-weight ratio, good anticorrosive properties, and aesthetic in appearance. Powder metallurgy route of foam manufacturing is used to check the suitability of hydrides like LiAlH₄ as foaming agents. LM2 (AlSi10Cu2) alloy is cold compacted at 200 MPa for 5 s, and at 6000C hydrogen release is observed for a minimum 5% weight of lithium containing blowing agents. This is an alternative for TiH2 foaming agent by powder metallurgy route. The foam production can be analyzed by visual observation, microstructure observation and nondestructive testing methods like X-ray diffraction analysis. A new approach of centrifugally cast powder metallurgy precursor method is introduced in this paper which can generate 45 to 60% porosity for batch production requirements at low cost.

Polymerelectrolyte films of polyvinylalcohol (PVA)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) complexed with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (1%–4% wt.%) were synthesized by adopting casting solution technique. X-ray diffraction results showed a reduced percentage of crystallinity with the increase in CuO concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the different morphology of all the samples. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis shows the increase in glass transition as well as in melting temperature for all samples. This is because the presence of CuO nanoparticles in the host polymer blend matrix makes them more thermally stable. The tensile strength and modulus nano-CuO complexed samples show improvement when compared with HPMC:PVA blends. The AC conductivity also increases with frequency and CuO concentration. All the experimental studies showed that 3 wt% nano-CuO complexed HPMC:PVA polymer electrolyte samples are more thermally stable and exhibit high conductivity at room temperature.

Recently, more research efforts have been initiated to improve the performance of composite materials due to their ever-increasing demand. A range of pre- and post-processing processes may be used to modify the biological, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of any material. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to investigate the effect of powdered pistachio shells as a filler on the mechanical performance of banana fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The 10 wt.% of filler material, 30 wt.% of fiber and 60 wt.% of epoxy resin were used to prepare composite laminates using compression mould technique for rigid compaction of fiber and filler material. From experimental investigation, it was observed that the use of filler material improved the hardness and stiffness of the composite. The tensile stress was reduced to 22.97 MPa from 25.34 MPa and flexural strength was reduced to 36.76 MPa from 43.66 Mpa, respectively. The Young’s modulus was increased to 4.96 GPa from 3.23 GPa and flexural modulus was increased to 7.38 GPa from 6.21 Gpa, respectively.