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Open Access 2021 | Open Access | Buch | 1. Auflage

Buchtitelbild

Re-Configurations

Contextualising Transformation Processes and Lasting Crises in the Middle East and North Africa

herausgegeben von: Rachid Ouaissa, Friederike Pannewick, Alena Strohmaier

Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

Buchreihe : Politik und Gesellschaft des Nahen Ostens

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Inhaltsverzeichnis
insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This edited volume is an open access title and assembles both the historical consciousness and transformation of the MENA region in various disciplinary and topical facets. At the same time, it aims to go beyond the MENA region, contributing to critical debates on area studies while pointing out transregional and cultural references in a broad and comparative manner.


Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
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Open Access

Introduction
Re-Configurations: A New Conceptual Framework for Research on the MENA Region
Abstract
This essay collection is the outcome of interdisciplinary research into political, societal, and cultural transformation processes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region at the Philipps-Universität in Marburg, Germany. It builds on many years of collaboration between two research networks at the Center for Near and Middle Eastern Studies: the research network “Re-Configurations: History, Remembrance and Transformation Processes in the Middle East and North Africa” (2013–19), funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the Leibniz-Prize research group “Figures of Thought | Turning Points: Cultural Practices and Social Change in the Arab World” (2013–20), funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Both research projects’ central interest lay in the political, social, and cultural transformation that has become especially visible since 2010–11; we conceptualize this transformation here using the term “re-configurations.” At the core of the inquiry are interpretations of visions of past and future, power relations and both political and symbolic representations.
Rachid Ouaissa, Friederike Pannewick, Alena Strohmaier
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Political Re-Configurings and Transregional Ties

Frontmatter

Open Access

Spatializing Memory and Justice in Transformation Processes
Abstract
This chapter asks what processes of dealing with the past have been set in motion and how they relate to the search for justice and the quest for remembrance on a more global scale. In the aftermath of the “Arab Spring,” the affected countries have been going through transitions of various forms that are significantly re-configuring the MENA region. In this context, a number of new civil society actors, political elites, and international norm entrepreneurs are engaging with the lengthy histories of repression in the respective countries as well as with the violence that occurred during the Arab Spring in order to reckon with the legacy of human rights abuses (Sriram, Transitional justice in the middle East and North Africa, Hurst, London, 2017). These transitions to justice are not without obstacles and challenges, though. The objective of her chapter is therefore not to tell the stories of various transitional justice and memory projects in post-Arab Spring countries, but to situate such practices in time and space.
Susanne Buckley-Zistel
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Open Access

Tunisia’s Re-Configurations and Transitional Justice in Process: How Planned Processes of Social and Political Change Interplay with Unplanned Political Dynamics
Abstract
This chapter seeks to explain the developments of the Tunisian transitional justice process. Drawing on Norbert Elias’s ideas about social processes, it argues that dynamics of transitional justice processes can neither be understood solely in light of international norms and the “justice industry” that both shape institutionalized transitional justice projects, nor simply by examining context and the political preferences of domestic actors. Rather, these shifts are shaped by the interplay of planned processes with unplanned political and social dynamics; with a political context in flux, power shifts, and sometimes competing planned efforts in other realms. Empirically grounded in “process-concurrent” field research in post- “Arab Spring” Tunisia, the contribution shows that a technocratic/institutionalized transitional justice project can develop dynamics that are somewhat, but not entirely, independent of power shifts. However, the above interplays may lead to frictional encounters that trigger feedback loops, new processes, and new structures.
Mariam Salehi
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Open Access

Algeria: Between Transformation and Re-Configuration
Abstract
This chapter analyzes the re-configurations of the Algerian political system. It explains the (re)establishment of power alliances and traces power shifts through oil price fluctuations on the global market, laying out the concomitant instability of systems of co-option based on the distribution of rent. In times of power crises, the state class is prepared to make concessions, such as economic and political liberalizations. Since February 2019, however, an unprecedented mass social mobilization has been underway. The Hirak movement disrupted the order within the state class and forced President Bouteflika to step down, but the regime, under military leadership, tried to reconfigure the political system once again by eliminating old clans and striking new alliances. This is the story of a political system’s re-configurations that seek to sustain the old order by building new alliances.
Rachid Ouaissa
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Open Access

The International and the Construction of Opposition in Iran
Thorsten Bonacker, Tareq Sydiq
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Open Access

Tangier’s Current Re-Configurations from a Multi-Scale Spatial Perspective: Emerging Transregional Ties and Local Repercussions
Steffen Wippel
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Open Access

1968 and the “Long 1960s”: A Transregional Perspective
Abstract
The year 1968 has a special meaning in some parts of the world, but other regions do not attach as much importance to it. While the view from Europe tends to assert the existence of a “global 1968,” the timeline may look quite different from another vantage point. This chapter addresses “1968 and beyond” or the “long 1960s,” as the period is often referred to, as a time of global transformations, but with particular local manifestations in terms of ideological underpinnings and legitimations for (violent) action. Israel’s defeat of Arab armies and Indonesia’s tragic events of the 1960s paved the way for a gradual strengthening of various Islamic missionary and activist movements that spread across both regions and gained huge mobilizing momentum subsequently. This period had vast repercussions for decades to come (e.g. in terms of “Islamization” in many countries around the globe).
Claudia Derichs
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Social Re-Configurings and Generational Challenges

Frontmatter

Open Access

The Survival of the Kurdish Chicken: Uneven Development and Nationalist Discourse in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Andrea Fischer-Tahir
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Open Access

The Infantilization of the Colonized: Medical and Psychiatric Descriptions of Drinking Habits in the Colonial Maghreb
Nina S. Studer
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Open Access

National Memory in the Making: Gendered Re-Configurations of Martyrdom in Post-revolutionary Tunisia
Zusammenfassung
Treating the category of “martyr” as socially constructed and contested along gendered and political lines, this chapter examines how heroes and martyrs have been produced and deployed in post-revolutionary Tunisia. It begins by examining governmental attempts, launched soon after the revolution, to monopolize and institutionally define who could benefit from official recognition as a martyr. It then unpacks the differences in definitions of “martyrdom” between official institutions and families of the deceased, arguing that “martyr” is a moral category, the boundaries of which are often drawn in terms of differing masculinities. The chapter goes on to demonstrate how the category of “martyrs of the nation” has progressively overshadowed the category of “martyrs of the revolution” in official memorial practices, as the commemoration of the revolution has progressively focused on its uniformed victims, leaving out the civilian ones.
Perrine Lachenal
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Open Access

Teachers’ Resistance to Educational Change and Innovations in the Middle East and North Africa: A Case Study of Tunisian Universities
Abstract
The effective implementation of change remains a crucial concern for educational leaders in the twenty-first Century. One of the major challenges to the effective implementation of reforms is the resistance to change among teachers or staff members, as this habit slows the process of implementation of any educational reform. Resistance to technology has been found to be a prominent reason for most system failures. This highlights the importance of understanding technology resistance causes, and possible remedies. Studies have explored the black box of resistance and suggested a theoretical explanation. This chapter seeks to expose the hidden reasons for Tunisian faculty members’ resistance to digitalization and suggests a theoretical implementation strategy for reaching the intended reform goals.
Sihem Hamlaoui
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Open Access

The Role of Social Movements in the Re-Configuration of Youth Transition Regimes: The Biography of an Unemployed Graduates Activist in Morocco
Abstract
This chapter analyzes the transitions to adulthood of young university graduates in Morocco, more precisely, activists of the unemployed graduates movement. Their protests offer a case in point to shed light on how youth transitions in the region are institutionalized and brokered. Based on particpant observation and life story interviews, this chapter applies a ‘youth transitions regime’ perspective in order to highlight he political dimension of youth transitions. How is the structure of these transitions and the hegemonic cultural definitions of ‘youth’ and ‘adulthood’ implicit in them linked to class, gender, social exclusion and precariousness? Has the ‘Arab Spring’ impacted the Moroccan youth transitions regime and the strategies of the unemployed graduates?
Christoph Schwarz
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Open Access

Family Memories and the Transmission of the Independence Struggle in South Yemen
Abstract
In 2007, a protest movement emerged in South Yemen called the Southern Movement. At the beginning, it was a loose amalgamation of people, most of them former army personnel and state employees of the former People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) who had been forced out of their jobs after the southern faction lost the war in 1994. Because of the state security forces’ brutality against protesters, more and more people joined the demonstrations, and the claims began to evolve into concrete political demands, such as the restored independence of the territory that once formed the PDRY, which in 1990 unified with the Arab Republic of Yemen to form the Republic of Yemen, as a separate state. By appropriating hidden forms of resistance, such as the intentionally and unintentionally intergenerational transmission of a counternarrative, South Yemenis have strengthened the calls for independence in recent years.
Anne-Linda Amira Augustin
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Aesthetic Re-Configurings and the Politics of Change

Frontmatter

Open Access

On the Re-Configurations of Cinematic Media-Spaces: From Diaspora Film to Postdiaspora Film
Zusammenfassung
This chapter analyzes the formation of the (self-applied) designation “Iranian diaspora” and its cinematic representations. The Iranian diaspora and its filmmaking are suitable objects of investigation because they can be used to illustrate two transformations, both of diaspora into postdiaspora and diaspora film into postdiaspora film. This reconfiguration manifests itself spatially on three levels: the real space of the diaspora, which is subject to socio-political changes; the internal-diegetic spaces in the films themselves, which constantly bring new themes to the fore; and film as a space-creating instance in itself, which constantly updates its own mediality. In Iranian (post-)diaspora film, these different spatial dimensions come together, as illustrated by this chapter’s analysis of Ana Lily Amirpour’s A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night (USA, 2014).
Alena Strohmaier
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Open Access

The Metamorphosis of the Significance of Death in Revolutionary Times: Mohammad Rabie’s Otared (2014)
Zusammenfassung
Although the rate of violence and death in Egyptian public places have increased dramatically since January 25, 2011, death and mourning have been dismissed from the focus of Tahrir writing, which is inclined to receive the eventful day and its aftermath through euphoric lens. As a counter-response, the rising wave of dystopian novels has flourished to provide a more confrontational attitude toward death as an inherent component of the revolutionary act. This chapter tackles the theme of violent death and its reflections in dystopian novels, with a close reading of Muḥammad Rabīʿ’s ʿUṭārid (2014).
Walaa Said
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Open Access

Processing the Revolution: Exploring the Ways Tunisian Novels Reflect Political Upheavals
Zusammenfassung
Several years after the Tunisian uprising of 2010–11, it is now time to explore the literary production of its aftermath. This chapter focuses on novels written in French and Arabic that have found acclaim in the Tunisian literary scene, all of them winners of the Tunisian prize for fiction, the Prix Comar d’Or. At the same time, the works deal in some way with the uprising of 2010/2011. This starting point allows various insights: First, it compares the novels, exploring trends such as autobiographic reflections and the turn to past revolutions. Secondly, the chapter asks more structural questions about the context of the novels’ production (authors, publishers) as well as about their honorary reception through literary awards. Beyond characterizing the post-revolutionary Tunisian literary scene, this approach also makes it possible to address the ways in which the Tunisian literary establishment wants the revolutionary events to be reworked in literature.
Charlotte Pardey
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Open Access

Transformations of the “Syrian” Literary Field Since 2011
Abstract
The events unfolding in Syria since spring 2011 have led to a thorough transformation of the intellectual and artistic space in which Syrian authors, filmmakers, and artists move. Starting from an overview of the connections of institutions, artists, and works that form this contemporary space of cultural production, this chapter goes on to consider the problems existing theoretical conceptions of such spaces from the sociology of arts encounter when faced with the empirical realities of the Syrian case. It shows that the transnational, unstable, and often transient nature of these formations and their links with large-scale socio-political changes, such as wars, are difficult to grasp with conceptual toolkit developed on the model of the unusually stable spaces of production of Western Europe and the US.
Felix Lang
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Open Access

The Year 1979 as a Turning Point in Syrian Theatre: From Politicization to Critical Humanism
Abstract
This chapter investigates a crucial turning point in the writing of Syrian dramatist Saadallah Wannous (1941–1997) in the late 1970s. This internationally acclaimed author belonged to a generation of Arab intellectuals and artists whose political and artistic identities were strongly shaped by the question of Palestine. After the Camp David Accords of 1978 and the resulting Egypt-Israel peace treaty, signed in 1979, Wannous attempted suicide and stopped writing plays for more than ten years. This chapter shows how the plays he published after this self-imposed silence moved away from a didactic, political theater and towards psychological studies focusing on individuals as well as minority and gender issues. This chapter asks whether the significant aesthetic and conceptual turn in Wannous’s work from the early 1990s onwards might go beyond the concerns of a specific individual artist. To what extent does it mark a generational shift in regard to the meaning and connotations of political art?
Friederike Pannewick
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Metadaten
Titel
Re-Configurations
herausgegeben von
Rachid Ouaissa
Friederike Pannewick
Alena Strohmaier
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Verlag
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Electronic ISBN
978-3-658-31160-5
Print ISBN
978-3-658-31159-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31160-5

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