Real-time realization of network integration of electric vehicles with a unique balancing strategy

This article introduces a unique dynamic balance strategy (DBS) that can overcome many disadvantages such as voltage and frequency deviations, overloading, high infrastructure costs that may occur in the network integration of electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed method is also aimed at keeping the comfort and satisfaction of the EV users at a high level without the obligation of the EV owners to inform the operator of the entry and charge planning. DBS introduces a real-time energy-sharing method that uses both the grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) topologies simultaneously without knowing the power demand profile in advance. However, from the perspective of smart grid, it is also possible to activate the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) topology in case of frequency or voltage fluctuations in the network with the proposed DBS. The proposed DBS was simulated in real time and phasor analysis for different penetration levels in MATLAB/Simulink program. Considering that EV driver behavior is highly variable and will vary regionally, it is shown that the proposed DBS gives dynamic results against all behavioral situations, varying penetration levels, and all the negativities that may occur in the penetration of EVs are overcome by keeping the satisfaction of EV drivers at a high levels.