Introduction
Literature review
Data and methodology
Data
Methodology
No. | Search strategy for each step in the ORBIS | Search result (Number of enterprises) |
---|---|---|
1 | All companies | 204,523,868 |
2 | Active companies | 163,191,236 |
3 | Publicly listed companies | 65,639 |
4 | Consolidation code: C1 (companies with consolidated accounts only), C2/U2 (companies with both types of accounts), U1 (companies with unconsolidated accounts only) | 62,592 |
5 | Accounting practice: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Local Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Local GAAP) | 62,592 |
6 | Accounting template: Industrial companies excluding branches | 59,573 |
7 | Publicly listed companies with US SIC primary code | 59,430 |
Results and discussion
Study for number and distribution of publicly listed enterprises
US SIC primary code - Text description | Number of listed companies | Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|
01 - Agricultural production-crops | 521 | 0.88 |
02 - Agricultural production-livestock and animal specialities | 234 | 0.39 |
07 - Agricultural services | 296 | 0.50 |
08 - Forestry | 63 | 0.11 |
09 - Fishing, hunting and trapping | 78 | 0.13 |
10 - Metal mining | 2475 | 4.16 |
12 - Coal mining | 203 | 0.34 |
13 - Oil and gas extraction | 1336 | 2.25 |
14 - Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals, except fuels | 475 | 0.80 |
15 - Building construction-general contractors and operative builders | 840 | 1.41 |
16 - Heavy construction other than building construction-contractors | 668 | 1.12 |
17 - Construction-special trade contractors | 352 | 0.59 |
20 - Food and kindred products | 2267 | 3.81 |
21 - Tobacco products | 66 | 0.11 |
22 - Textile mill products | 1114 | 1.87 |
23 - Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials | 536 | 0.90 |
24 - Lumber and wood products, except furniture | 279 | 0.47 |
25 - Furniture and fixtures | 208 | 0.35 |
26 - Paper and allied products | 565 | 0.95 |
27 - Printing, publishing and allied industries | 518 | 0.87 |
28 - Chemicals and allied products | 3889 | 6.54 |
29 - Petroleum refining and related industries | 223 | 0.38 |
30 - Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products | 766 | 1.29 |
31 - Leather and leather products | 157 | 0.26 |
32 - Stone, clay, glass and concrete products | 1077 | 1.81 |
33 - Primary metal industries | 1226 | 2.06 |
34 - Fabricated metal products, except machinery and transportation equipment | 1019 | 1.71 |
35 - Industrial and commercial machinery and computer equipment | 2519 | 4.24 |
36 - Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, except computer equipment | 3597 | 6.05 |
37 - Transportation equipment | 1166 | 1.96 |
38 - Measuring, analyzing and controlling instruments; photographic, medical and optical goods; watches and clocks | 1222 | 2.06 |
39 - Miscellaneous manufacturing industries | 557 | 0.94 |
40 - Railroad transportation | 75 | 0.13 |
41 - Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation | 163 | 0.27 |
42 - Motor freight transportation and warehousing | 330 | 0.56 |
43 - United States postal service | 6 | 0.01 |
44 - Water transportation | 432 | 0.73 |
45 - Transportation by air | 204 | 0.34 |
46 - Pipelines, except natural gas | 57 | 0.10 |
47 - Transportation services | 511 | 0.86 |
48 - Communications | 1219 | 2.05 |
49 - Electric, gas and sanitary services | 1483 | 2.50 |
50 - Wholesale trade, durable goods | 2146 | 3.61 |
51 - Wholesale trade, nondurable goods | 1031 | 1.73 |
52 - Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers | 44 | 0.07 |
53 - General merchandise stores | 293 | 0.49 |
54 - Food stores | 302 | 0.51 |
55 - Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations | 155 | 0.26 |
56 - Apparel and accessory stores | 167 | 0.28 |
57 - Home furniture, furnishings, and equipment stores | 206 | 0.35 |
58 - Eating and drinking places | 389 | 0.65 |
59 - Miscellaneous retail | 518 | 0.87 |
60 - Depository institutions | 1170 | 1.97 |
61 - Non-depository credit institutions | 3270 | 5.50 |
62 - Security and commodity brokers, dealers, exchanges and services | 856 | 1.44 |
63 - Insurance carriers | 137 | 0.23 |
64 - Insurance agents, brokers, and service | 100 | 0.17 |
65 - Real estate | 2113 | 3.56 |
67 - Holding and other investment offices | 2761 | 4.65 |
70 - Hotels, rooming houses, camps, and other lodging places | 670 | 1.13 |
72 - Personal services | 121 | 0.20 |
73 - Business services | 4524 | 7.61 |
75 - Automotive repair, services, and parking | 150 | 0.25 |
76 - Miscellaneous repair services | 38 | 0.06 |
78 - Motion pictures | 222 | 0.37 |
79 - Amusement and recreation services | 371 | 0.62 |
80 - Health services | 479 | 0.81 |
81 - Legal services | 14 | 0.02 |
82 - Educational services | 192 | 0.32 |
83 - Social services | 42 | 0.07 |
84 - Museums, art galleries, and botanical and zoological gardens | 7 | 0.01 |
86 - Membership organizations | 15 | 0.03 |
87 - Engineering, accounting, research, management, and related services | 1591 | 2.68 |
88 - Private households | 0 | 0.00 |
89 - Services not elsewhere classified | 199 | 0.33 |
91 - Executive, legislative, and general government, except finance | 4 | 0.01 |
92 - Justice, public order, and safety | 13 | 0.02 |
93 - Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy | 40 | 0.07 |
94 - Administration of human resource programs | 8 | 0.01 |
95 - Administration of environmental quality and housing programs | 18 | 0.03 |
96 - Administration of economic programs | 54 | 0.09 |
97 - National security and international affairs | 8 | 0.01 |
99 - Nonclassifiable establishments | 0 | 0.00 |
Total | 59,430 | 100.00 |
Investigation into industrial areas of top 10 average turnovers and their descriptive statistics from 2007 to 2015
Ranking | US SIC primary code - Text description | Average turnover (CAGR, %) | Median | Standard deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 37 - Transportation equipment | 3,414,020,116 (1.88) | 3,425,822,911 | 339,938,866 | 2,916,833,631 | 3,808,847,394 |
2 | 13 - Oil and gas extraction | 2,816,148,067 (0.52) | 2,612,309,352 | 602,844,769 | 2,082,624,354 | 3,571,103,618 |
3 | 28 - Chemicals and allied products | 2,647,946,798 (4.48) | 2,854,291,561 | 406,439,457 | 2,051,240,171 | 3,083,769,070 |
4 | 49 - Electric, gas and sanitary services | 2,337,933,540 (3.34) | 2,317,151,073 | 343,131,652 | 1,782,134,510 | 2,837,146,655 |
5 | 29 - Petroleum refining and related industries | 2,213,020,301 (−1.82) | 2,381,386,062 | 418,156,592 | 1,609,563,019 | 2,639,850,252 |
6 | 36 - Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, except computer equipment | 2,178,651,683 (2.07) | 2,255,989,804 | 194,836,027 | 1,898,757,985 | 2,405,865,824 |
7 | 48 - Communications | 2,054,883,098 (2.88) | 2,169,861,470 | 195,042,643 | 1,759,189,019 | 2,240,045,754 |
8 | 35 - Industrial and commercial machinery and computer equipment | 1,881,408,977 (4.11) | 2,024,095,853 | 276,782,773 | 1,505,594,628 | 2,184,508,210 |
9 | 20 - Food and kindred products | 1,696,477,390 (5.69) | 1,797,364,959 | 283,201,167 | 1,204,070,732 | 2,024,704,606 |
10 | 73 - Business services | 1,439,930,594 (7.44) | 1,375,628,373 | 311,250,947 | 1,074,033,567 | 1,907,609,209 |
Research on industrial fields of top 10 average R&D investments and their descriptive statistics from 2007 to 2015
Ranking | US SIC primary code - Text description | Average R&D investment (CAGR, %) | Median | Standard deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 28 - Chemicals and allied products | 151,884,109 (4.39) | 154,019,882 | 16,847,820 | 125,179,857 | 176,548,957 |
2 | 36 - Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, except computer equipment | 115,438,474 (3.15) | 124,361,807 | 15,109,790 | 93,528,903 | 133,242,357 |
3 | 37 - Transportation equipment | 108,119,248 (2.06) | 112,322,852 | 10,067,455 | 92,306,185 | 119,505,243 |
4 | 73 - Business services | 56,528,208 (11.19) | 52,848,383 | 16,663,724 | 37,147,573 | 86,762,354 |
5 | 35 - Industrial and commercial machinery and computer equipment | 53,895,319 (4.74) | 55,258,316 | 6,953,883 | 43,909,638 | 63,622,179 |
6 | 38 - Measuring, analyzing and controlling instruments; photographic, medical and optical goods; watches and clocks | 25,523,664 (4.05) | 26,861,865 | 2,715,436 | 21,417,885 | 29,430,019 |
7 | 13 - Oil and gas extraction | 16,497,156 (7.23) | 18,152,769 | 3,401,947 | 11,045,634 | 19,951,396 |
8 | 48 - Communications | 12,563,872 (−1.05) | 12,504,317 | 1,080,100 | 10,715,087 | 14,265,049 |
9 | 29 - Petroleum refining and related industries | 10,699,576 (8.03) | 10,232,185 | 1,979,904 | 7,725,321 | 14,332,164 |
10 | 20 - Food and kindred products | 9,180,171 (3.95) | 9,860,196 | 1,257,921 | 7,231,432 | 10,202,145 |
Analyses of correlation and linear regression between R&D expense and turnover (model a)
Description and statistical values | ||
---|---|---|
Model | A | B |
Independent variable (xn) | Average R&D expense | Average R&D expense |
Dependent variable (yi,n) | Average Turnover | Number of listed companies |
Correlation coefficient (Ri) | 0.828 | 0.782 |
Slope (ai) | 0.583 | 0.390 |
Intercept (bi) | 11.379 | 0.883 |
Coefficient of determination (Ri2) | 0.686 | 0.612 |
p-value (pi) | < 2.2 × 10−16 | < 2.2 × 10−16 |
Residual standard error (RSEi) | 1.229 | 0.968 |