Relay selection based clustering techniques for high density LTE networks

In very crowded areas, a large number of LTE users contained in a single cell will try to access services at the same time causing high load on the Base Station (BS). Some users may be blocked from getting their requested services due to this high load. Using a two-hop relay architecture can help in increasing the system capacity, increasing coverage area, decreasing energy consumption, and reducing the BS load. Clustering techniques can be used to configure the nodes in such two-layer topology. This paper proposes a new algorithm for relay selection based on the Basic Sequential Algorithmic Scheme (BSAS) along with power control protocol. Unlike other capacity improving techniques such as small cells and relay stations this approach does not require additional infrastructure. Instead, users themselves will act as a temporary relay stations. Modifications are implemented to the original BSAS to make it suitable for LTE environment and to improve its performance. The protocol for resource allocation and power control is implemented assuming a multi cell scenario. The algorithm is compared to other relaying and clustering schemes in addition to the conventional LTE. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has improved system capacity and energy consumption compared to other existing clustering/relaying schemes.