Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems II

The main task of IT-specialists in the last decades was to develop applications supporting different business functions and processes. For today the enterprises are well equipped with IT-devices and applications, but in most cases they run separately in various business units and/or on different platforms, they work with data stored not only redundant but also in other forms. Consequently there is an urgent need for integrating systems and fulfilling the entrepreneurs’, customers’, citizens’ needs for on-line inter-organizational cooperation.

Through the simulation of biological Swarm Intelligence generation, a new kind of material flow structure that can be adapted to complex environments, X Party Material Flow (X-PMF), can be established. According to results from the simulation experiments, the PMF, if in the chaord state during the process of autonomy and adaptation, can realize the emergence of X-party Swarm Intelligence.

EM2I’07 is a new venue for presenting state-of-the-art research and development achievements in the design, introduction, and use of integration technology for electronic marketplaces that affect business interoperability between firms and within supply chains. Although traditional forms of e-marketplaces such as intermediaries, supplier portals, and content hubs are an important area of focus, integration technology is increasingly supporting a much wider range of business interoperability that enables contextually heterogeneous enterprises to semantically work together beyond operational transactions. As more and more firms in all regions of the globe are able to interact online, we are rapidly moving toward an integrated global e-marketplace consisting of loosely coupled vertical, horizontal, and regional e-marketplaces.

In this paper, based on the Mobile E-commerce Platform, we implement the Information Retrieval System of image-based high-level semantic by using the feature extraction algorithm based on object semantic. By way of optimizing the image feature extraction algorithm, improving the structure of the traditional Search Engine and increasing the carrying capacity of mobile terminals, we will solve a core issue why Mobile E-commerce is not rife currently. It has profound effect to increase the probability of transaction, excavate potential customers and better the level of personalized service. At the same time, it satisfies the requirements of most customers.

The title of this paper was chosen to introduce what EM2I really means and how it could be treated as a research area for the research specialists of business information systems and electronic commerce. It functions as offering a few commonplace remarks by way of introduction so that the area researchers may come up with valuable opinions.

Supplier E-Marketplaces prevalently offer composite products that require complex production processes where multiple suppliers cooperate with each other. Since collaborating suppliers often hold overlapping production competencies multiple process alternatives may exist where production steps are allocated to suppliers in different ways. This process variability may be exploited for a supplier configuration engine where customers, similar to a product configuration engine, may control the handlers of the production process according to own needs and preferences. We present and discuss an initial set of configuration criteria for such an engine and a first pilot architecture for a corresponding E-Marketplace service.

In the world of e-marketing, new business models are frequently introduced, and new trends have started to emerge. One such latest trend is social networking websites, many of which have attracted not only large number of users and visitors, but also online advertising companies to place their ads on the sites. In this paper we explore online social networking as a new trend of e-marketing. We first examine the online social network as a new form of web-based services, and compare social networks with other representative web-based services by using the 7C framework. We then analyze social networking from a business strategy point of view, by creating a business model for online social networking sites using Porter’s Five Forces Model. We also discuss the primary revenue models that may be used by organizations and companies providing online social networking services.

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a source of competitive advantage in organizations especially for those organizations that supply chain (SC) is the core of their business or is tightly coupled with their core business. Traditionally organizations use re-engineering practices and organizational enhancement programs in order to increase their competitive advantage through optimizing their supply chain management. With advancement of technologies organizations begun to fabricate processes and employ more advanced communication technologies and technological tools -such as E-Marketplaces (EM) and RFID tags- with the goal of increasing the quality of their SC. The objective of this paper is to shed light on the concept of quality in SC, and application of B2B EMs for enhancing the quality of their supply chain. Moreover the adoption process and critical factors affecting the success of EM adoption in SC is explored in this study.

This article analyzes the complexity and dynamic of each kind of commerce network architecture from the system engineering. The thesis uses the complex self-adaptive system to describe the process of enterprise commerce network evolutionary. Bases on the drawing mechanism from enterprise commerce network transaction flow to the IT/EIS (information technology/enterprise information system) function demand, proposes a fusion expansion model which is from the commercial network concept integration, to logic integration and physics integration. The model is based on agent and the component technology. It tracks the new progress of information management technology and expenses the communication and coordination between the network insider and outsider, as well as the study function which must be calculated according to requirements. As a result, the model changes traditional IT/EIS platform that is only for improving working efficiency and guiding decision tools into the modern enterprise’s blood supply system and nervous system. The model takes advantage of enhancing the validity of enterprise information construction.

In this article, we provide an approach to create a Conceptual level System Component Model specific to Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in telecom. As a byproduct, SOA specific Architectural Decisions, and an SOA specific Architecture Overview Diagram will also be generated. This paper focuses on the preparation of the conceptual SOA Component Model to facilitate that selection.

The supply chain is a dynamic and integrated system in which all enterprises are integrated to obtain optimization of the whole chain. Integration is a process of redefining and connecting parts of a whole in order to form a new one. In traditional supply chain integration, the definitions of parts are usually limited by the boundary of the enterprises: the integration emphasizes connecting each enterprise with logistics and information communications.

This paper proposes a theory of a Virtual Value Net in which a supply chain as a whole system consists of three nets: logistics net, information resource net and organization net. The supply chain integration involves how to construct and coordinate these nets and their nodes, so as to provide business value to the final customers, and be adaptable to business and technology changes.

This paper presents a method by which supply chain integration solution is designed, improved and evaluated. The method takes more care about the business processes of the whole supply chain in which the organizations’ boundaries are regarded as transparent, activities in business processes are selected and organized as business components, logistics flow and information flow are analyzed and optimized according to the integration degrees of business components. In addition, a comprehensive method on designation, evaluation and improvement of supply chain integration will also be provided.

In the 1990s there was considerable growth in implementations of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems. Companies expected these systems to support many of the day to day business transactions. The growth in ERP implementations had a resultant impact on the demand for ERP skills. Many universities recognized this demand and the potential of using ERP Systems software as a teaching tool, and endeavoured to incorporate ERP systems into their curriculum; however most universities have struggled in this task. The ERP skill shortage has reached an all time high especially in the Asian region. ERP vendors are investigating how to best address this shortfall and the role of universities. This paper outlines two approaches to the delivery of ERP (SAP) education in China.

With economies tending towards global uniformity, the traditional quality control in a single enterprise has to be innovated. Core competencies or leadership capabilities in quality control have to be strengthened by the complementary capabilities of partners for extended enterprise (E2). So how to establish an economic and effective quality tracing and control information system to trace and control quality of inter-enterprise has becoming one of the studying hotspots currently. In this paper, a quality tracing and control information system for extended enterprise (E2-QTCIS) is explored based on J2EE, and the quality information model of E2 by using product BOM and template technology is established. On this basis, the workflow model of quality tracing and control process and the workflow execution logic of tracing and control quality information nodes are constructed. Finally, a four-layer architecture of E2-QTCIS with network transparency and easy expandability is established. E2-QTCIS can capture all quality information quickly, accurately and wholly, and realize quality tracing and control of E2 dynamically.

E-commerce is a fast growing channel for new business in China. However, Chinese small retailers have many difficulties in e-commerce applications nowadays, such as lack of IT skills, expensive of operation cost, etc. In this paper we present an intelligent retail system named eIRS which can help small retailers to implement their e-commerce strategies. eIRS whose single terminal entity looks like a telephone is an e-commerce platform linking product producers and retailers. It can reduce the redundant courses between product producers and retailers and also can act as an efficient medium, providing service similar to ICP for both of them. The test results of eIRS indicate that it creates a new win-win e-commerce model for producers and small retailers in China. We also analyze the Development Obstacles and Challenges of eIRS finally.

Web log mining is used to extract user access pattern. An algorithm is proposed in this paper to resolve the problem of bad explanation for page sequence of web log mining. The algorithm firstly transforms user visited page sequence into maximal forward sequence, and then uses HowNet based semantic similar algorithm to describe user interest in visit sequence and explains the interest movement with certain semantic words. The algorithm will help web sites provide personalization pages.

JPOX is an open source project that tries to be the reference between API JDO (Java Data Objects) implementations. Using JDO specifications, Java objects can be persisted automatically, independent of database management system. However, JDO builds the automatic persistence using object type definitions (classes). In this way, specifics query and update methods must be created for each type of object. Therefore, the objective of this work is develop an automatic persistence API for generic objects, based on JPOX project, avoiding database manipulation difficulties, and improving the development of object persistence based applications.

This paper studies the CITIS’ (Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service)main information services and data exchange functions for CALS (Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support), proposes the possibility and advantage of CITIS’ data exchange with the technology of Web Service, designs and develops a CITIS’ system data exchange prototype system with this technology. This System can achieve data exchange among application systems, heterogeneous operating systems and databases.

Representing mechatronic products in interorganizational information systems requires means for capturing characteristics of this type of products. This role is fulfilled by mechatronic product models which are subject of this paper. A mechatronic product consists of three components: software, electronics, and mechanics. The challenge is that diverse interrelations between their components and with other products exist; these interrelations need to be considered in respective models. The problem of current modeling approaches, however, is that they either do not provide the required richness for expressing interrelations or focus engineering tasks only by describing the product behavior. We view mechatronic product models from a logistic perspective which allows us answering two questions: What is the scope of a mechatronic product model for interorganizational information systems? Which information is required in this model (i.e., determined by the goal of logistics)? We design a mechatronic product model from this perspective. We validate our model by studying an interorganizational scenario in an automotive supply chain.

The paper takes the shipbuilding enterprise as the subject of study, analyzes the market pattern of world shipbuilding enterprise, presents shipbuilding virtual enterprise based on agile manufacturing according to the present situation and development trend of our shipbuilding enterprise, and describes the solution scheme of shipbuilding virtual enterprise information integration platform. The platform is open, loose coupling and dynamic oriented agile manufacturing, based on XML technology, workflow technology and web service technology. The platform supports the cross platform operation and isomeric configuration data exchange, and has the standard foreign connection and integrates carry-over systems. Enterprise application integration among various shipbuilding enterprises can be realized automatically and agilely through this platform under the internet environment. Therefore, a certain reference value frame is provided for the further research and the practical application of the shipbuilding virtual enterprise.

In today’s highly competitive business world, customer relationship management (CRM) is emerging as a core marketing activity. Based investigation of the factors that influence the customers’ willingness to engage in a relationship (CWER) and the customer relationship share (CRS), a conceptual model is derived by using theories taken from multi-disciplinary literature, including marketing, management, information systems, and e-commerce. It is mainly tested to determine (1) the effect of CWER and the customer satisfaction (CS) on CRS; (2) the effect of customers’ attitude toward the firm on CWER; and (3) how customers’ knowledge and belief about CRM program affect customers’ attitude. Finally, this study also provides a framework for several avenues for scholarly research and lays a foundation for future research aimed at enhancing extant knowledge about factors influencing CWER and RS.

This paper systematically provides an enterprise application integration (EAI) approach for the complex product design industry in which the application integration has long been difficult. In addition, the complex product’s data sources are distributed in different enterprise application systems which resulted in the design ontology’s heterogeneousness. Similarly, the differences in enterprise application systems bring about the heterogeneousness of the application ontology. Based on an actual project, this paper studies the nonobjective characteristic of the heterogeneous design ontology and heterogeneous application ontology in the complex product design industry, and establishes the common semantic description models for the two types of ontology respectively. In the actual project, an information system is developed and has been successfully applied to an enterprise.

Nowadays, Enterprise Information Systems are based on TPS, MIS, and DSS and organizations are maturing to make the baselines of their Business, Enterprise, and Technology architectures based on the Service Oriented Strategies and Architectures (SOSA). The traditional EIS frameworks make their Business, Enterprise, and Technology baselines on the Business Processes or Business Usecases and they must be unbundled through the Electronic Services to realize the SOSA.

The Next Generation EIS Frameworks offer a full range of E-Service enterprise patterns that include the development of comprehensive strategies to integrate internet based solutions, E-Business, E-Commerce, and E-Government disciplines, E-Service technologies, and methodologies into the software sensitive organizations. In addition to, the Next Generation EIS Frameworks focus to facilitate the working of Service Requesters, Service Brokers, and Service Providers, in both Provider-Centric SOA and Consumer-Centric SOA perspectives over a Grid. Next Generation EIS Frameworks are Enterprise Information Systems to manage their Integrated Services {E(IS)2}. This paper would explain what the Next Generation EIS Frameworks are and instantiates

ISRUP E-Service Framework

as an instance of the Next Generation EIS Frameworks. The theme of this paper is to specify the role of E-Services to promote commercial and governmental unbundling affairs by way of using the Next Generation EIS Frameworks which developed to leverage E-Governments, E-Businesses, and E-Commerce though just the added-value E-Services. In addition to, This paper shows the main features of the Next Generation EIS Frameworks which they are Grid-Centric, X2Y-Centric, E-Service Centric, Collaborative-Centric base on new Enterprise Architecture Frameworks, and they are

Data and Service-Integration

Oriented.

The design of traditional network course is developed by its specialized teachers and technicians to achieve its teaching goal. This miniature network class might be called as one-off and non-renewable resource. Nowadays, along with the mature of computer component technology, the development of this manual workshop-like is obsolete. This paper discusses the development process of the network course based on the model of software lifecycle and a case study about the network course of Software Engineering. A reconfigurable network course has been developed to validate the proposed method according to the development method of software component engineering technology.

With recently accelerated shifting trends from device-oriented to process-oriented service management, large portions of business organizations are now on their way of adopting standards and best-practices such as the eTOM and the ITIL to model and manage their diverse business and operational processes. Although there are various process/workflow definition formalisms to orchestrate these processes mentioned above, the rapid development and emerging demands for process automation and interoperability requires systematic modeling methodology and increased semantic information. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive analysis about two commonly accepted process frameworks — the eTOM and the ITIL — is presented in this paper first. Then, further studies concerning their mapping relationship and integrated application of these two process frameworks are carried out, which forms the basis of our process modeling methodology. We also propose an ontology-based process information model based on the preceding methodology, for the purpose of semantic richness. Finally, a novel and ontology-based business process management architecture is given to provide an application scenario and thus, to demonstrate the correctness and feasibility of the proposal in this paper.

In this paper, we described findings based on a study on Enterprise Information Architecture (EIA) implementation in Malaysia. The study investigates the existence of the enterprise architecture in private and public enterprises in Malaysia and evaluates the presence of the architecture and its practical use against the established guidelines and frameworks as expounded by the proponents of the enterprise architecture. The Zachman Framework was used to evaluate the practice of EIA in these enterprises. A multiple case study was undertaken in which ten enterprises from public and private sectors participated. The paper would highlights gaps in the current practices of EIA in Malaysian enterprises and identifies factors of EIA implementation. In addition, the study would also provide recommendations for enterprises to consciously embark on the EIA paradigm in order to achieve the goals of the enterprise.

We analyze the features of knowledge management in the Virtual R&D Organizations (VROs) and the features about the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in this paper. The application of SOA in knowledge management in VROs is further discussed. We process the registration, matching, and the construction of the UDDI in the knowledge service of VROs with SOA. Finally, we present a framework for the VROs to develop the knowledge management system with SOA.

It is a reasonable proposition to suggest that a high level, meta-reasoner for Enterprise Information Systems should exist. Such a reasoner could act as a monitor, manager, planner, and trouble shooter for the information resources of an organization. The lead author has built such a reasoner, which is now in its nascent stages. The software is based upon a logic programming paradigm, and employs powerful reasoning formalisms recently developed within the logic programming community. One of those formalisms is a theory of actions. A key component of an action theory is the ability to reason with respect to time. Another key feature of an action theory is the ability to reason about the value of variables that take on different values determined by the context (i.e., time). These issues (time, and the values of variables with respect to time) taken together comprise what is known in the field as

situation calculus

. The variables that vary with respect to time are called

fluents

. This paper discusses the use of fluents in this meta-reasoner. We will suggest fluents and assertions about what fluents that could be, or should be used (or made). This paper will also discuss the relevance of these fluents and assertions.

Fairness is an important property of secure electronic commerce. Most of E-payment protocols guarantee fairness by using a Trusted Third Party (TTP) or semi-trusted third party. There are few protocols without a trusted third party. Based on concurrent signature, we propose two protocols suitable for digital products transaction, one for mobile payment and the other for the transaction which has higher security requirements by customers. The most prominent character of our schemes is that there is no traditional TTP, so the network congestion can be avoided. Furthermore, the protocols satisfy fairness and some other characteristics.

In mainland China, many enterprises still use early client/server technologies for their supply chain management (SCM). However, with China’s participating in WHO and economy globalization improving, Enterprises in mainland China have to compete with multinational companies. They have to move from client/server technologies to service oriented architectures (SOA) in order to their SCM can catch up with their international rivals. Many enterprises in mainland China do not have enough money to invest their supply chain systems. In this paper, we propose to investigate the feasibility of using SOA in the construction of innovative and SCM of individual enterprise with numbered money. It starts with an introduction of SOA. A SOA is a form of distributed systems architecture that is typically characterized by the following properties: logical view, message orientation, description orientation, network orientation and platform neutral. The paper highlights the description problem of SOA within the context of the SCM and proposes a modeling framework as solution. It can help enterprises in mainland China to resolve their SCM with numbered money.

When doing business process modeling and analyzing, the most frequently used methods are based on workflow technology. However, traditional workflow management systems are heavyweight and monolithic, and could not be easily reused. This paper proposes an approach of business process depicting and analyzing (BPDA). This approach decomposes the business processes into fine grains, and then finds a collection of abstracted actions (AAC), which could recompose all the processes. Main ideas and steps of the approach are introduced, and a case of a supermarket is studied to illustrate the characteristics, which are: (1) it is a lightweight approach for business process management; (2) AAC facilitates BPR; (3) the abstracted actions can turn into software component directly; (4) the abstracted actions can be easily reused.

With experience of Emergency Response System implement, the exist problem and research status in china is analyzed. Based on these conclusions, the Emergency Response System is constructed which used the J2EE tool, faced to small and medium-size cities, moreover, the research on key technologies related in this architecture are introduced in detail.

Agility, or the ability to respond quickly and effectively to market demands has become an important competitive tool in the manufacturing industry. Firms deploying global sourcing strategies have to balance the benefits of cost-effectiveness against the limitations of off shore productions. Improving supply chain performance is a key to achieving cost effectiveness, and the improvement largely depends upon the degree to which uncertainty can be reduced in the supply chain. This paper conducts a case study of Apple as it moves into the arena of digital content delivery and initiates hardware innovations in an industry that is characterized by increasing product variety, new technologies, price erosion, and fast inventory turn-overs. The purpose of this paper is to explore Apple’s supply chain and some of the challenges it has faced in agilely managing its offshore manufacturing in facing demand. Secondly, the paper also explores the manoeuvering, shift of power and change of roles within the supply chain as it moves into the arena of digital content delivery. As a result of our study, we reach the conclusion that the traditional suppliers in the media content industry are yet to make the transition in mind to becoming pure digital players. As more and more consumers make a complete switch to digital media and become used to not owning physical media, the suppliers who retain control through copyrights fall back on strategies that reflect the workings of the non-digital era. Successful companies stand to face the dual task of changing the mindset of its suppliers on one hand, and meeting and setting up an uncharted path for its customers in digital content in a pioneering role for the industry on the other. We find that while managing the supply chain in the traditional ‘non-e’ market provides challenges related to cost-effectiveness and physical barriers, in the ‘e’ marketplace managing the supply chain encounters barriers not physical but rather strategic that is entrenchedin more traditional operating modes.

The rapid development of mobile commerce (m-commerce) has profound influence on logistics industry. Firstly, through analysis that combines m-commerce and the logistics industry, the paper draws a conclusion that main m-commerce applications in logistics industry include cargo tracking, mobile inventory management, vehicle positioning and M2M (machine to machine) mobile services. Then, we think traditional logistics has entered the stage of electronic commerce logistics and is turning into the stage of m-commerce logistics gradually after analyzing relation between m-commerce and logistics. As m-commerce logistics differs from traditional logistics, there is unique operation process of m-commerce in logistics industry. Finally, from the perspective of value chain, the paper points out that there are three mobile commerce models including B2E (business to employee), B2B (business to business) and B2C (business to customer).

Nowadays, 85% of the enterprise information is stored as unstructured data. And ECM (Enterprise Content Management) provides enterprises with a platform to house these unstructured contents and deliver them in a proper way. However, content sharing, one of the key aspects of ECM, is still not efficient and effective enough in most of the ECM systems. In this paper, we propose a new enterprise content management approach to make it easy to share and deliver enterprise content. The approach mainly takes advantage of RSS (Really Simple Syndication), a content syndication format that is a popular technology in the Web2.0 world, to solve the problem of enterprise content sharing and delivery in an ECM system. Also, the approach adopts the Folksonomy concept, a user generated taxonomy emerged in Web2.0 world, in an ECM system to classify the enterprise contents in a proper way so that the ECM system users can find the contents they want more accurately and efficiently. By bringing the Web2.0 technology and philosophy to enterprise, we make ECM system more efficient and effective, especially in content sharing, searching and delivering, which will help to achieve the goal of information on demand in enterprise.

As the industry value-chain getting complicated, collaborative innovation becomes an important competitive factor for telecom operators. However, collaborative innovation means more participators and greater uncertainty in the innovation procedure. As a result, collaborative innovations usually cost more in time and money, which could make the innovations lose or bring serious problems even when new services have been launched into the market. In this paper, the integration frame of collaborate innovation support system (CISS) is put forward. Firstly, the participants and resource flows in the collaborative innovation in telecom industry are analyzed. Based on that, the requirements and functions of CISS are summarized. The system should help to connect the necessary resources for innovations and implement process management in an efficient way. Secondly, the framework of CISS is designed, defining functional construction and information flows. Then the key technologies supporting CISS are illustrated. Functionally, the CISS should be a part of BSS/OSS (Business/Operating Support System), and the relationship between CISS and BSS/OSS is explained. Finally, the organizational and managerial supports for the system are discussed.

Based on the studies of existing informatization maturity model at home and abroad, the paper puts forward a new enterprise Informatization Maturity Model. The authors collected the opinions of fifteen well-known Chinese informatization experts about the model by Delphi method. Through statistical analysis, it can be found that the extent of the experts’ acceptance is very high. According to the experts’ opinions pertaining to the model, the authors get an amended five-stage Informatization Maturity Model which consists of technology support level, resources integration level, management optimization level, strategy support level and sustained improvement level.

Evaluation system model is a key point of employee turnover risk evaluation in enterprises. It is important to the validity and veracity of evaluation result. This paper focused on the analysis and design of processes, and techniques of employee turnover risk evaluation system model. A multilevel employee turnover risk evaluation system model based on analyzing the influencing factors of employee turnover risk was put forward in the end, and it is a useful model in enterprise systems.

This paper analyzes the necessity and requirements of switching from service-oriented operations to product-oriented operations in telecom industry, which helps to solve the conflict between more and more homogeneous telecom services and individualized customer demands. Then this paper puts forward a comprehensive definition of telecom product, and presents a structure framework of telecom product consisting of 8 ingredients: telecom service, information content and application, tariff, target market, brand, channel, customer service and supplementary resources. Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the process framework of telecom product lifecycle management and divides it into 4 phases: planning, developing, approving and publishing and improving or withdrawing. The complete concept data model is analyzed and gradually shaped in the UML language in the 4 phases.

To implement knowledge management within an enterprise requires the implementation of an operational knowledge management system. In this paper we propose a knowledge management scheme for an enterprise that is based on the Use Case model of knowledge management using the Unified Modeling Language. The various functions of the knowledge management system are identified. This study proposes the function-required structure of knowledge management system, establishes a Use Case model of knowledge management with Unified Modeling Language, and delineates the required functions of the enterprise system.

The academic institution in the earth has been progressively shifting from ivory tower to economic engine. Economy in the world and an academic institution are witnessing a transitioning phase. Academia and Industry repeatedly re-establish their apparatus and mechanism with modern systems. On the other hand, scrapping legacy systems and replacing them with more contemporary software, which we in general called as

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System

. The accountability of Academic State of Affairs specially an Open and Distance learning (ODL) system is consequently, exceptionally imperative in this paradigm. With the initiation of ERP System, which is a part of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), academia has augmented manifold. The specific objective of this paper is to study and expose how efficiently the pattern of availability and use of ERP System by the universities in the conventional & contemporary mode around the world, accomplish their educational goals. The findings of this study will be constructive to distance mode universities as well as other conventional universities in the enrichment of the programme and also, in identifying ways and means of adapting methods to suit the local conditions. Overall endeavor of this paper is to take care of the institutions systems that are broaden across the globe, so to triumph over the artificial boundaries and thus to bind these two system (ERP and Academia) together to function in harmony.

The process of craft file design and management, which varies a lot in different areas and enterprises, is the most important part of design process in Small and Middle-sized Manufacturing Enterprises (SMMEs). The Design and Management System of such processes is required to be highly customized due to their complexity and lack of flexibility. In this paper, we presented a simple SMMEs oriented Craft File Design and Management system based on Web3D&X3D, Apache, MySQL and PHP (WAMP), which are free and open source. The system is B/S structured and focuses on the 3D design file sharing on web, craft file distributing and collaboration according to specified process. The system is deployed in our cooperating company and proved to be able to lower design costs and improve efficiency.

In this paper the resource-based view of the firm is used to describe and explain how organisations, which have different roles in the value-chain in an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system development/implementation project, receive competitive advantage from selling or using ERPs. This discussion relates to the on-going discussion about how organisations receive competitive advantage from information and communication technology (ICT), and from that and by the influence from the resource-based view a set of propositions related to ERP development and competitive advantage and what role different stakeholders play in the value-chain are presented. These propositions have the ambition of acting as a foundation for future research on development and implementation of ERPs and if and if so, how the different stakeholders’ different ways of receiving competitive advantage influence ERP development and especially when it comes to development of a more standardized or pre-customized ERP system. The propositions also act as a foundation for increasing the knowledge about reasons for why developing a future “better” ERP system is that hard.

To forecast performance of architecture design of information system, we used a performance analysis model to directly get performance indexes, as well as performance annotation model to get performance parameters and facilitate construction of performance analysis model that is indispensable. At present, when constructing performance annotation model, UML Profile for Schedulability, Performance, and Time specification has been de facto standard used to attach performance parameters to UML diagrams. However, UML use case diagram and UML deployment diagram annotated are not powerful enough to model complicated interactions among actors and information system in the organization layer and among hardware resources in the hardware layer respectively. Moreover, based on the performance annotation model using UML diagrams, Coloured Petri Nets (CPN) has not yet been used to construct performance analysis model. Therefore, no steps for facilitating construction of CPN based performance analysis model are included in currently processes for constructing performance annotation model. For solving both deficiencies, in this paper, UML activity diagram is proposed to be annotated in both layers. Moreover, performance annotation model construction process including steps for facilitating construction of CPN based performance analysis model is also devised. Furthermore, the application of the proposed method in the initial architecture design of an online bookshop system is briefly specified.

E-government outsourcing enables government to be relieved from IT system construction and maintenance, and concentrate on their management affairs, obtaining lower costs, more advanced technology, and less personnel demands additionally. This paper analyzes the e-government outsourcing according to types, advantages, risks, process and crucial factors, which gives suggestions on the cooperation between government departments and vendors, and contributes to the further healthy development of e-government outsourcing.

This paper uses the principles of business ecology to analyze the problems in China’s e-business construction and probe in the ways for enterprises in different niches to carry out e-business construction. The e-business construction is not the isolated behavior of certain one enterprise and full consideration should be taken into the relations between upper stream and down stream enterprises to form e-business ecosystem. The keystone role of the keystone enterprises in forming e-business ecosystem should be brought into full play. The existence of a great number of nicher enterprises marks a healthy e-business ecosystem, and the dominating enterprises should be restricted and then transformed into the keystone enterprises. Different enterprises in different niches should have different e-business strategies. The hetero-organizations of the government are of great importance to the formation and health of e-business ecosystem.

Now, the telecom service providers are faced with significant challenges as the traditional separated network and service become converged. Customers move to care more about the quality of service, such as the provision time, fault disposal, bill management, and security issues, other than networks. The carriers must integrate their core legacy mainframe operation support systems (OSS) with new generation components that can handle the requirements posed by new service offerings, which means the NG-OSS should pay attention to customers rather than networks. This paper examines the legacy OSS frame with its main component and analysis which part should be weakened or converged, and which part should be enhanced or updated. Then it suggests a more idealized view of a functional OSS architecture that conforms to the concepts of the TeleManagement Forum’s Telecom Operations Map (TOM) model. In the last, it discusses how to evolve the OSS from the network-focused to customers-focused successfully and smoothly.

Many manufacturing enterprises implement EIS according to the principle- “planning totally, implementing step by step”, but the effect of such implementation after the detailed function planning was not satisfying as expected. This paper analyze the reasons from the failure, find out that only putting particular emphasis in one function usually causes that the step-by-step implementation can’t be realized well. It also put forward that only three planning levels from function, data and implementing are conducted together, three-D support can be formed effectively and the performance can be guaranteed. Meanwhile it discuss the principle of three-D planning, analyze the way of collaboration among the three levels, and suggest the planning modes of the key-point radiation and main clue, both of which can guarantee the integration goal through the implementation in parts and then the realization on whole. As a result, with comprehensive consideration, the proposed planning can guarantee the EIS to be realized, based on the relationship among function, data and implementing and information resources planning.

In this article, a new method is presented to research the mechanism of Customer Satisfaction (CS). Firstly, the research model of CS based on the TAM and ACSI is built. Secondly, some important correlation coefficients of research model can be got from the SEM method. Thirdly, with these correlation coefficients, the main functions of system dynamic model are built, and the evolution of the system is simluated with the help of VENSIM. At last, one simple example is designed by using the method and some meaningful conclusions are provided.

With the popularization of networks, digitalization and automation, demand for enterprise informatization becomes more urgent. There are many factors leading to the demand for EIS. Some of the factors are from enterprise development, while others are from policy driven. In this paper, we present a relationship model by using system dynamics method to characterize the cause-result (C-R) of demand drivers of enterprise informatization. Based on the empirical studies, we reveal how the factors affect the demand for enterprise informatization, which form a cluster of causation to be used as the cause variables in our model. This procedure is to settle on the interim variables and result variables, which formed systematic dynamics C-R charts. Questionnaires and interviews from dozens of enterprises, Delphi Expert Decision method are made and analyzed, which verified the relationship between variables. The results presented in this paper provide good insights for the enterprise managers’ optimal decisions.

Within the scope of MDA, the model transformation is orientated towards solving the problems of time, cost and quality associated with software creation. Moreover, business process modeling, through the use of industrial standards such as UML or BPMN, offers us a good opportunity to incorporate requirements at high levels of abstraction. We consider Secure Business Process models such as the Computation Independent Model (CIM). In this paper we show that it is possible to define CIM to PIM (Platform Independent Model) transformations, using QVT rules. Through our rules, we obtain certain UML analysis-level classes and use cases which will be part of the PIM of an information system. We illustrate our approach with a case study concerned with payment for the consumption of electrical energy.

By researching the telecom operations support system and the business support system, a telecom product management framework is presented via integrated with the customer management system (CRM), especially integrated with the analytic CRM and the business intelligence system (BI). It includes five layers, information resource object layer, metadata database layer, basic services layer, information services layer, and user interface layer. In addition, a metadata model is presented to solve the heterogeneous issues at the product data fields name, data type, meaning, database management system, etc. The diversified product information could be logical integrated via metadata service. And based on the unified product definition model, the sharing product analyzing information services could be provided in the whole enterprise angle of view. The framework function services are designed according to the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), and implemented via Web services. The framework is a new try to improve the efficiency of enterprise macroscopic product analyzing, design, and information serving. It’s has good flexibility, and expansibility in system function services.

Technical developments in information technologies coupled with business interests to improve promotion productivity, are spurring research in the area of information systems for sales promotion in retail industry, which facilitate promotion analysis and automate promotion implementation. Auto Promotion Machine (APM), presented in this paper, can perform promotion analysis based on consumer personal or household characteristics, history consumer purchasing information, and tracking data of consumer shopping process; carry out promotion implementation through interacting with consumer by in-store promotion terminal or online Internet terminal. Potential impacts of APM on retail industry are discussed form the perspectives of manufacturers, retail stores, and consumers, respectively. Two levels of APM are described, representing varying degrees of automation and intelligence. Some applications of APM in today’s business practice are showed according to the two levels. Finally, important topics in need of further study are identified, and can be followed by other researchers; thus, accelerate the cumulating of knowledge in using information technology to support sales promotion in retail industry.

This paper presents the personalized recommendation system for e-tourism by using statistic technique base on Bayes Theorem to analyze user behaviors and recommend trips to specific users. The system is evaluated by using Recall, Precision and F-measure. Results demonstrate that it is possible to develop Personalization Recommendation System. Past and recent information of customer’s behaviors are used for recommending products and services best fit to relevant customers in the e-Tourism.

The opportunities offered by the Internet have already fuelled immense growth of E-commerce. In recent years, due to the rapid evolution of wireless and mobile communication technologies, mobile commerce becomes another crucial application. In china, the 3G telecommunication era is coming. As to the brilliant prospect for m-commerce, many industries expect to join this arena. The mobile commerce value chain is then formed. This paper analyses the major players and technologies that form part of the M-commerce value chain. Also it figures out that mobile telecommunication operators are the most crucial members on this value chain. As a result, this paper attempts to investigate the challenges for mobile telecommunication operators and described that the operators must adopt the innovation strategies to unleash the potential of the value chain.

Online communities involve lots of interactions among members. Those interactions are usually shown as “friend links” between community members, and an online community could be seen as a network of members. The structures and properties of community network formed are important to the information diffusion in communities. Hence, the network formation mechanisms attract great interest in recent years. In this paper, an interest-oriented network evolution mechanism is proposed to study the growth and evolution of social network of online communities. Agents in an online community tend to choose those who share similar interests with them to be their friends. In our model, we define n different interest categories; they could refer to sports, movies, music, literatures and so on. Each agent has an interest vector (

V

1

,

V

2

,...,

V

a

) to indicate its interests.

With the development of elaborate management, company’s MIS become more complex and integrated. As an investment decision making system, it is not a simple financial problem. It should consider not only the company’s financial index, but also its internal business process, which always links with the technical part of the company’s operation. As an implementation example, this paper focuses on China’s mobile operators’ investment management system, set up a three-layer system model that’s based on the critical path, guided by performance appraisal, impenetrate mobile operator’s business process, and aimed at the final profitability. The system integrated functions of controlling, tracing, and decision. It is designed as a dynamic, a timely, and a vigilant one which can keep mobile operators’ investment decision right according to their real operating condition.

The knowledge grid is an intelligent interconnection environment that enables people to effectively manage knowledge resources. To enhance the acquirement and sharing of critical knowledge in knowledge grid, this paper proposes a new knowledge model — memory grid. Memory grid incorporates memory theory of psychology into knowledge grid to deliver plenty of context information. Based on the intelligent interconnection and increasing mechanism of memory, memory grid not only supports the organization of explicit knowledge, but also enables the acquirement of knowledge through memory transformation mode. Memory can be described by some entities along three dimensions (business, agent and knowledge), so memories can be semantically related with each other. Based on the above model, a web-based knowledge management system is developed for a Chinese enterprise to facilitate its knowledge management in the collaborative commerce environment.

Ontology is considered as one of the most important roles in knowledge sharing and reusing. However, how to effectively construct the Chinese domain ontology is a difficult problem. This paper proposed a pattern-learning Chinese domain ontology construction approach based on the fixed and simple characteristic of Chinese syntactic patterns in technology documents. The first step of this method is to construct a prototype of the domain ontology having several representative conceptions and relations. And then it makes a mapping between the prototype and the documents to find syntactic patterns. Finally, it expands the prototype of the domain ontology by using the patterns on the documents. In the end of the paper, it gives an experimental result to show that the proposed method can effectively construct Chinese domain ontology from the technology documents.

The article deals with the analysis of the ERP market in the Czech Republic provided annually from 1993 (approx. 50 – 60 products each year). The main attention has been put on the functionality of the ERP but the scope is extended to the expected trends, SWOT analysis of the ERP products and market potential in the Czech Republic. The level of penetration of different ICT applications in the Czech companies and (mainly ERP, SCM,) and trends of future areas of application development are also included. Second part of the paper is oriented towards quality of enterprise informatics and its effect on the growth of competitiveness, increased performance related to enterprise management including analysis and planning of comprehensive objectives. All information are results of own research.

Cooperation is the essence of supply chain. All members of the supply chain cooperate and band together to create more value than that of each member can do, and to realize the whole value of supply chain, which is far greater than the simple sum of every link value. Cooperative efforts and collaborations between these enterprises make it easier to realize the whole benefit of supply chain and to improve their competitive ability. The relationships among these members or enterprises have direct link to the efficiency and benefit of supply chain. But it is dynamic and unstable, and often causes the instability of supply chain. So it is very important to analyze and management their cooperative relationship. In this essay, we try to use game theory to study the cooperative relationship between enterprises on supply chain. By studying the game theory, we try to establish the game model of then-cooperative relationship, and then discuss the existence of equilibrium in this game. We also try to resolve two problems: how to establish stable cooperative-relationship and how to make it helpful to supply chain.

The integrated optimization of product development process (PDP) is a critical strategy to improve the product development capability. It should be targeted for time, quality, cost, service and environment. Based on review of existing optimizing methods and tools applied in PDP, which are sorted in their optimizing goals, the problems and difficulties of PDP integrated optimization are put forward and analyzed in this paper. Then, we present and elaborate the fundamental principles for integrated optimization of PDP. According to these fundamental principles, at the end of this paper, a preliminary framework for PDP integrated optimization is established.

The new version of ISO 9000 approved in 2000 is studied and the relationships between operation processes and project processes are analyzed. According to the characteristics of manufacturing industry, the two-step tailoring method is presented to realize the project quality management from the ISO standards. The quality management models are built with the object-oriented method, including organization model, function model, process model and information model. The models harmonize the relationships between project processes and operation processes, and the enterprise-wide quality management system is achieved at three levels: the company, the project management office and projects. Finally, based on the presented models, the quality management information system is developed on the J2EE platform.

The ubiquitous linking of computers in local and global networks makes possible the sharing of thoughts by people who are separated spatially or temporally. Many efforts are made to increase opportunities for effective collaborative working, learning and acting through innovative uses of computer technology, and one of these efforts is to build group knowledge collaboratively. This paper presents a model of collaborative knowledge-building (CKB) as a social process, which constitutes both personal and social knowledge-building as well as aggregations between them. This model incorporates insights from Web 2.0, CAS and CSCL (Computer Support of Collaborative of Learning) in the hope of providing a useful conceptual framework for the design of collaborative knowledge-building environments.

This paper presents the results of three rounds Delphi study with 15 BI systems experts in the domain of engineering asset management. The study provides a CSF framework that consists of seven dimensions and 22 factors crucial for successful BI system implementation. The seven critical dimensions of CSFs are management commitment and championship, user-oriented change management, business vision, project planning, team skills and composition, data and infrastructure-related dimensions. These findings allow BI stakeholders to optimize their scarce resources on those key areas that are most likely to have an impact on the implementation of the BI systems.

Utilizing the advantage of data mining technology in processing large data and eliminating redundant information, the system mines the historical daily loading which has the same meteorological category as the forecasting day in order to compose data sequence with highly similar meteorological features. With this method it can decrease SVM training data and overcome the disadvantage of very large data and slow processing speed when constructing SVM model. Comparing with single SVM and BP neural network in short-term load forecasting, this new method can achieve greater forecasting accuracy. It is denoted that the SVM learning system has advantage when the information preprocessing is based on data mining technology.

Facing fierce market competition, how to make the effective marketing strategy rapidly according to the market demand is of vital importance to the survival and development of enterprises. Data mining can discover and extract the latent predictable information from the large database and data warehouse. Using this technology, marketers may obtain potential associations among sales data, so that they can make a market analysis, adopt pertinent marketing strategy, reduce costs and raise profits. This paper proposes an algorithm of association rule mining based on artificial immunity. Practice proves that this algorithm is robustness, hidden parallelism and commonality. It can discover useful association rule from sales data rapidly and effectively, and provide forceful support for enterprises to make accurate marketing strategy.

Supported by technologies of Customer Satisfaction, Information Technology, and Data Mining, etc., CRM aims to enhance the effectiveness and performance of the businesses by improving the customer satisfaction and loyalty. CRM is now becoming a popular management methodology in manufacturing, sales, marketing, and finance. In China, there are a lot of small and medium businesses. For these businesses, sourcing CRM services on the web is a key business tactics for reducing the total ownership costs and implementation risks linked to “big bang” CRM implementations. In this paper, first, the architecture and contents of CRM approach for small and medium businesses were discussed according to the management characteristics. Second, contributes to the eCRM implementation landscape by providing a detailed account of the business process design and implementation support for a customer segmentation outsourcing.

More and more information system applications have been adopted in China. Telecom operators in China are applying information services and solutions to more and more sectors and areas, of which the rural area is a typical example. Firstly, the paper describes the architecture of the mobile information system, which is based on telecommunication terminals and is realized through text messaging, voice, WAP and other means to satisfy the rural demanding, such as agricultural production, administrative management and other information applications. Secondly, the paper presents the business application model. It is not just the simple use of communication tools and instead, it includes using networks and information resources to the processes of information production, operation, promotion and so on. Thirdly, the paper investigates the value chain and business models. Finally, the benefits for both farmers and telecom operators would be discussed. It can increase the farmers’ income, improve the rural market share of Chinese telecom operators and narrow the “information gap” between the cities and rural areas.

Electronic Commerce has becomes an important means for tourism enterprises to face the increasing competition. How to provide the personalized service for customers is an important issue to raise the service level of tourism. Through analyzing characteristics of tourism, a Personalized Recommendation Model is proposed at the basis of user’s rating feature. It has following features: (1) Pre-processing user’s rating data to solve different rating criterion of different user. (2) According to user’s rating feature, a correction coefficient is set to ameliorate similarity among users, to improve the computational accuracy of the nearest neighbor. At last, experiments ware designed. Comparing with general collaborative filtering, the proposed algorithm has higher quality of recommendation.

Since information products have unique cost structure and characteristics, namely, high fixed cost and low variable cost, the traditional pricing strategy based on marginal cost theory can not be applied by the producers. This paper indicates a new principle of pricing—customer value (CV) principle. Based on the principle, the producers can execute a number of different pricing strategies to maximize the CV in order to gain business profit. In this article, we focus on the capability of CRM (Customer Relationship Management) in this domain. CRM can help evaluate buyers, customize products and manage lock-in effects to implement CV. We first present an economic approach to analyze the market structure and pricing strategies, and then illustrate the CRM application models in the two pricing strategies which are based on Pigou’s price discrimination framework. Finally, the conclusion indicates that CRM application in the information products pricing can benefit both customers and producers.

According to the coexistence of two production style: Single Small Serial Production and Batch Production in the current Enterprise, this article analyzed the scheduling problems of this production model and studied the working flow of this production scheduling problem. Using Genetic Algorithm for the Scheduling Hybrid Production, a new system for solving the problems of Scheduling Hybrid Production is set up, combined with some examples in the process of actual manufacturing. It has been proved that this system could solve some problems of Hybrid Production Scheduling.

With the rapid development of global economy, more and more companies begin to set up global operation model (GOM). However, some applications do not bring forecasting benefits, because business models in GOM are different from the traditional business environments. Garment is the traditional industry. It needs to develop better business models and strategy to adapt to the global economy. What is the most important is to learn how to use IT to improve operation processing. An aim of garment operation model is to ensure that knowledge is shared and that the right information and knowledge is available in the right forms to the right entities at the right times for the right costs with the maximum integrated organizations. However, the processing of garment operation model is a complex system related to character data model, IT infrastructure and others that links them together with GOM. The GOM will have profound impact on the garment operation model. In this paper, we discuss garment character model based on GOM. Firstly, the key factors of GOM are summarized. Secondly, the character data model is set up, which is related to several definitions. Thirdly, the architecture of garment industry based on GOM is presented and the components of the architecture are analyzed.

Now the investment promotion administration is carried out by the External Affairs Office of every city’s government without effective information integration. The building of City Investment Promotion Information Network System will be helpful for meeting the foreign investor’s information demands in a fast, easy and accurate way from all directions and levels. What’s more, it also helps to improve investment environment, consummate investment service system and manage the city’s foreign investment information resources with high efficiency. This paper offers some useful suggestions on building the city investment promotion information network by expounding how to construct it from multiple aspects, such as system structure, investment promotion portal website, extranet, intranet, content of network information service, Multipurpose Investment Promotion Service System and implementation plan, etc.

E-commerce in community is a major application area of the EIS in community management industry. In this paper, by comparing three information integration structures of E-commerce in community, we arrive at a conclusion that application of E-commerce in community in China is still in its infancy of integration in single direction. In order to make workable integration in two-direction, then a website of E-commerce service in community based on i-bus is proposed. We make a two-layer information resource integration, whose first layer is information integration of E-commerce resources centered on residential requirements faced to community service and second is function integration of integrated management and E-commerce in community marked by distinctive community service, put into practice. In the end, we take the project of East Community Information Park (ECIP) to do a deep case study.

As more and more enterprises face significant growth and profitability challenges, executives are turning to formulate appropriate customer centric strategies and focus on managing customer relationships to support such initiatives. Combining information technology with relationship marketing, customer relationship management (CRM) systems provide the infrastructure that facilitates long-term relationship building with customers. However, not all firms have been successful in their CRM implementations. Many embody a complex implementation process, especially in developing countries like China. This paper examines the implementation of CRM at Legend group, a leading PC vendor in China, and summarizes the factors that lead to the success of CRM projects in China context based on the framework proposed in the paper. The results from the case study also suggest that people, technology, and business processes are all key enablers in CRM implementation.

Government information resource is the foundation of e-government, and government information resource organization pattern is the key factor that affects sustainable development of e-government. At present, a lack of the systematic plan in government information resource organization exists universally. The primary reason is that systematization and formalization of research on government information resource organization pattern is insufficient and lacks support to organize and plan the government information resource. This article starts with the basic assumption of the government information hyper-cycle system consisting of e-government and its object system, depicts the dissipative structure of government information resource organization through introducing superior-rank operator and lower-rank operator in algebra system, and explores actively the self-organized, extensible and universal government information resource organization pattern based on hyper-cycle (PBHC) systematic plan.

To save the cost for customers and distribution center is the key issue to survive for distribution centers. The low service efficiency will certainly lead to increased distribution cost. It is a universal concern problem for distribution industry even for logistics industry to improve distribution service efficiency. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of customer needs and the characteristics of distribution service efficiency based on the supply chain, this paper discusses the challenges of distribution service, puts forward the principles of distribution service to put up the distribution service efficiency, and sets up the evaluation system of distribution service efficiency for distribution center. Then, this article proposes one appraisal method to appraise distribution service efficiency for distribution centers. The method is presented that appraise distribution service efficiency for distribution centers, and has carried on the real diagnosis analysis.

Distribution in China has been undergoing great challenges nowadays. Circumstances such as how to evaluate distributor performance have become a critical issue in supply chain management. This paper proposes a Performance Value Index Model based on literary review and analysis of Chinese enterprises. It also validates the correlation among process, relational, and operational performances, financial benefits and potential competitive benefits by using SEM (Structural Equation Model). The results show that process performance and relational performance have positive effects on competitive potential while operational performance has great influence on both financial benefit and competitive potential. Simultaneously, potential competitiveness also positively relates to financial benefit.

Based on the characteristics of supplier selection for CALS(Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support), that companies with CALS have many suppliers and suppliers are always strategic suppliers, supplier selection process is divided into two phases: pre-selection and making decision. At supplier pre-selection stage, polychromatic sets theory from Russia is introduced as the solution scheme. According to the properties of suppliers themselves and pre-selection evaluating indicators, pre-selection contour Boolean matrix is created automatically. Based on it, supplier pre-selection model is set up. At decision-making stage, popular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is adopted to set up supplier selection model. On the basis of evaluating indicators of the decision-making stage, the best supplier can be chosen quickly. In the end, an application example of motor company is given to testify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

The competition in 21 century is no longer located among enterprises, but in all the supply chains. To maximize the supply chain benefit, the stable and efficient supply chain should be provided. This paper applies the polychromatic sets to discuss the supplier selection problem and describe the supplier selection related factors. According to those factors, a model is illustrated in detail by means of sets and graphic in the polychromatic sets. The model uses adjacent matrix and contour to modify supplier selection factors. A procedure of selecting suppliers is presented to identify and find competitive suppliers. Then the model is optimized by using genetic algorithm. At the end, a case is provided to show that the methods are effective to select suppliers.

Knowledge inventory management is nowadays central issue as knowledge management becomes vital for organizations. Knowledge inventory management involves acquiring, retaining, deploying, idling, and abandoning technologies. Managers must make investment decisions about which technologies should be involved into inventory for future usage. Options-pricing model (OPM) has been widely accepted to make investment decisions. An alternative technology is regarded as an option to switch technologies to deal with future contingencies. This paper studies another kind of knowledge inventory problem which OPM is sort of inefficient to deal with. An organization might be forced to invest in some technology in the future because of some specific incident occurs, thus option is replaced by obligation. The characteristics of this kind of problem are portrayed and we show why OPM is not applicable. We treat the specific incident as an insurance accident to organizations and initial investment in some technology as insurance fee which can cover the loss when accident occurs. We use actuarial model to analyze the problem and give the evaluation methods in different conditions.

Taking China’s two successful IOSs as study subject, this paper investigated inter-firm business process transformation enabled by IOS from four aspects, namely, integration, transfer, elimination and creation of inter-firm business processes. This study argues that IOS must be seen as the enabler of organizational structure and business process changes rather than a mere implementation tool for existing organizations and processes inside enterprises and between enterprises. Enterprises should focus on their core capability, collaborate with each other with IOS and actively achieve inter-firm business process integration and innovation.

The universal adoption of the Internet requires a fine grained access control in the sharing of sensitive resources. However, existing access control mechanisms are inflexible and do not help in alleviating the management task of administrating users’ access to resources based on security policies. In this paper, we propose an approach to implement fine-grained access control based on RBAC while considering specific context constraints. The approach is object-dependent and policy-enforced through binding policies to particular object. In the policies, context constraints are incorporated to support separation of duties (SoD). Furthermore, the implement of the approach is described in detail and an application to meet specific access control requirements of comprehensive knowledge management system in an aviation enterprise is presented.

Reliability evaluation is the basis of the supply chain. Although after 9.11 reliability of supply chain turns to be the focus of the enterprises and the government, little research has been conducted through out the globe. In nature, the supply chain is the integration of material, capital, and information flows. Therefore the evaluation of the supply chain reliability should be considered based on the evaluation of three flows. In view of these ideas, the evaluation of the supply chain reliability is put forwarded in my study, which is achieved by integrating the evaluation of the reliability of the material, capital and information flow with fuzzy comprehensive evaluating theory.

Many enterprises adopt outsourcing mode to implement informatization, this is a game process among an informatization enterprise, a software company and an information system. Through analyzing the actions of the three players, we find that, in the informatization process, the participant-degree of an enterprise is in direct proportion to the expected income of the information system, the effort-degree of a software company is in direct proportion to the income of finishing the informatization project. The Nash equilibrium solution of the game is that the enterprise participates passively in the project and the software company works generally. In order to ensure the software company to work hard, there is a compensation item in the contract.

Considering the information transmission system of agriculture M-informatization, pertinence and practicability are critical factors, but the current system lack these factors in China. Based on the case study of Agriculture Space Time of China Unicom and Agricultural ICT of China Mobile, the segmentation transmission approach is presented in this paper. To make the current information transmission system more pertinent and practical, we adopt segmentation transmission approach in the critical nodes of the closed loop information transmission system, which includes produce, gathering, analysis & process, supplying, sending, distribution, receiving, application and feedback. According to the key attribute dimensionality of users, this approach employs intelligent IMS (Information Matching System) to match the content of data dictionary with the individual needs of users, and analyze the static and dynamic attributes of users’ datum and the content of service by using the high-powered rule-engine. This data dictionary is based on the scientific multilayer-integrated data dictionary concerning farm products. Adopting the approach presented in this paper in current agriculture M-informationization system can successfully transmit all kinds of segmentation agriculture information to the right agriculture users.

Although the hype surrounding the promise of electronic commerce seems all pervasive currently, there is an absence of research on automobile eCommerce, especially in developing countries, which covers wide-ranging issues beyond contextual imperatives. This paper tries to fill in the gap, by analyzing the impacts of eCommerce on automobile industry in China, and the factors of eCommerce adoption and development of automobile industry in China from internal, external and contextual perspectives, after describing the internet and ecommerce in china. From the situation of automobile ecommerce in China, the paper finds that the automobile industry in China, especially automobile sales, remains only superficially affected by the ecommerce. This is a big difference from the developed countries such as U.S. The paper also displays the important aspects to the development of automobile ecommerce in China such as infrastructure, role of the central government, serving the customer better, security, customer trust, delivery, and so on.

In knowledge Economy Times, it’s necessary for knowledge alliance Enterprise (KAE) to build up efficient, reliable information resources management system (IRMS) to make use of the information resources (IR) more availably. This article starts from the characteristics of enterprise information resources (EIR) based on knowledge alliance, analyzing the requirements of establishing IRMS, designing the total structure of system, putting forward the main functions of the detection of market dynamic environment, analysis and cooperation, aided decision making support, in the end the items which should be drew attention to in the processes of design are given in the article.

Reworking in developing software exists widely in IT project management. But the current estimating methods on project duration cannot deal well with this problem. In this paper, some key concepts, such as adjusted activity, adjusted GERT network, expected project duration, expected critical path, are firstly defined. Then authors study estimating method on project duration for different rework modes, including serial, paratactic, and combined structure by encapsulating of activities. Finally, a general estimating method on IT project duration oriented to GERT is presented, and detailed steps are illustrated with an example project on IT software development.

Collaborative filtering is an important personalized method in recommender systems in E-commerce. It is infeasible that traditional collaborative filtering is based on absolute rating for items since users are difficult to accurately make an absolute rating for items, and also different users give different rating distribution. In this paper, an improved collaborative filtering algorithm based on preference order of items is proposed, which user only give rating order of items. The presented method enhances collaborative filtering by improving accuracy and adeptness. An example is provided to verify the method.

It is one of an important method of using Bayesian networks in electronic commercial recommended system. But the models of Bayesian networks for describing recommended system have a problem that it could not learn online. The paper puts forward an online personalized recommended model based on Bayesian networks. The paper uses a partial ordering to represent previous structure and find posterior distributions of every node on the orders to realize online structure learning. It also uses a correctional function to revise log likelihood for online parameter learning. The experiment shows that the model can be learned online for personalized recommended system.

Using System Dynamics method, this study analyzes the SMS governance. A System Dynamics Model is built and is simulated with VENSIM PLE 5.4C. The simulation result proves that carries should be the key entity to be governed. This study also uses the model to analyze SMS policies and finally gets the conclusion that real mobile identification and unification the service providers’ access number could reduce harmful SMS.

Auditing revenue assurance information system is a hot topic because of its importance to the telecom operators ant its auditing difficulties. In this paper, first, the scope of the revenue assurance information system of telecom operators is prescribed. Second, it is to advance the IT audit framework of telecom operators based on the COSO and COBIT framework and the method of application audit for the China telecom operators based on the revenue-generated business process and risk assessment. Finally, it is pointed out that the weaknesses that have been found during the process of auditing.