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Erschienen in:
What Is Research and Why We Do It Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Research Methodology

verfasst von : Carlo Ghezzi

Erschienen in: Being a Researcher

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter focuses on research methods and their historical development, from the seventeenth century to the current age. It recalls the foundational contributions by giants like Francis Bacon, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, and many others. It distills the essence of the experimental method and discusses the logic mechanisms—induction and deduction—which drive it together with creativity and ingenuity. It discusses the notion of validity of research results and the approaches through which scientists can provide evidence (and confidence) of validity.

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Vorheriges Kapitel What Is Research and Why We Do It
Nächstes Kapitel The Products of Research: Publication and Beyond
Fußnoten
1
There is no real evidence that the experiment actually took place. Most historians consider it to be an explanatory example rather than a physical experiment.
 
2
Interestingly, Galileo built the telescope and used it even before he had a theory to explain how it worked. He developed the theory afterwards, to justify his observations. This is another striking example of the possible interplay between theory and practice in research.
 
3
A similar statement was expressed in modern time by the famous physicist Richard Feynman [15]. These are his equally beautiful words:
To those who do not know mathematics it is difficult to get across a real feeling as to the beauty, the deepest beauty, of nature …If you want to learn about nature, to appreciate nature, it is necessary to understand the language that she speaks in.
 
4
Hereafter, I use the terms creativity and ingenuity interchangeably.
 
5
To understand more the notion of abstraction, the reader may refer to the work by Jeff Kramer [28], who cogently articulates how this skill is key to Informatics.
 
6
They are valid with respect to inertial frames of reference, which hold in most practical settings. In particular, the speed one works with must be much less than the speed of light, otherwise relativistic mechanics must be used instead of Newton’s mechanics.
 
7
The perihelion is the point in the orbit that is nearest to the sun.
 
8
The precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis.
 
9
From now on, to avoid gender biased expressions, I alternate between using “he” and “she”, to avoid the awkward use of “he or she.”
 
10
Assuming that one repeats the same order only if satisfied by it.
 
11
A very special (and important) case is reachability of the termination statement of a program. If the termination statement is unreachable, the program never terminates.
 
12
More on this is discussed in Sect. 3.​6.
 
Literatur
7.
9.
Dodig Crnkovic, G.: Constructive research and info-computational knowledge generation. In: L. Magnani, W. Carnielli, C. Pizzi (eds.) Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology, vol. 314, pp. 359–380. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
14.
Feyerabend, P.: Against Method. Verso (1993)
15.
Feynman, R., Davies, P.: The Character of Physical Law. Penguin Books Limited (2007)
17.
Godfrey-Smith, P.: Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (2003)CrossRef
28.
30.
Kuhn, T.: The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought. A Harvard Paperback. Harvard University Press (1957)MATH
31.
Kuhn, T.S.: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1962)
35.
38.
42.
43.
Popper, K.R.: The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Routledge (1959)
44.
Pruzan, P.: Research Methodology: The Aims, Practices and Ethics of Science. Springer International Publishing (2016)CrossRef
48.
52.
Sigmund, K.: Exact Thinking in Demented Times: The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science. Basic Books, Inc., New York, NY, USA (2017)MATH
57.
Tedre, M.: The Science of Computing: Shaping a Discipline. Chapman & Hall/CRC (2014)
61.
Turner, R.: Computational Artifacts: Towards a Philosophy of Computer Science, 1st edn. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated (2018)CrossRef
65.
Metadaten
Titel
Research Methodology
verfasst von
Carlo Ghezzi
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Buch
Being a Researcher

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-45156-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-45157-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45157-8_2

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