1 Introduction
2 Material and Testing
2.1 Material
Description | S2 | S3 | S4 |
---|---|---|---|
Gs | 2.65 | 2.65 | 2.65 |
d50 [mm] | 0.32 | 0.77 | 0.5 |
Cu [-] | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.7 |
Cc [-] | 1 | 0.9 | 1 |
ρd,max [g/cm3] | 1.591 | 1.663 | 1.798 |
ρd,min [g/cm3] | 1.388 | 1.466 | 1.466 |
emin [-] | 0.665 | 0.594 | 0.474 |
emax [-] | 0.909 | 0.807 | 0.807 |
Soil | χ [%] | ρd [g/cm3] | ρd,min/ρd,max [g/cm3] | \(\sigma_{0}^{\prime }\) [kPa] | Gmax [MPa] | Dmin [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S2 | 0 | 1.484 | 1.388/1.588 | 50 | 63.2 | 0.37 |
100 | 82.1 | 0.36 | ||||
200 | 117.8 | 0.29 | ||||
300 | 140.3 | 0.23 | ||||
400 | 160.9 | 0.35 | ||||
10 | 1.393 | 1.292/1.514 | 50 | 38.2 | 0.76 | |
100 | 51.4 | 0.70 | ||||
200 | 70.1 | 0.63 | ||||
300 | 85.2 | 0.69 | ||||
20 | 1.287 | 1.191/1.401 | 50 | 19.4 | 1.08 | |
100 | 27.7 | 1.10 | ||||
200 | 39.5 | 0.96 | ||||
300 | 48.0 | 0.98 | ||||
30 | 1.171 | 1.076/1.285 | 50 | 10.2 | 1.88 | |
100 | 15.0 | 1.82 | ||||
200 | 22.3 | 1.80 | ||||
300 | 28.3 | 1.80 | ||||
S3 | 0 | 1.558 | 1.466/1.663 | 50 | 80.3 | 0.40 |
100 | 111.7 | 0.34 | ||||
200 | 153.4 | 0.39 | ||||
300 | 183.8 | 0.37 | ||||
400 | 213.6 | 0.38 | ||||
10 | 1.365 | 1.274/1.474 | 50 | 28.7 | 0.87 | |
100 | 40.3 | 0.83 | ||||
200 | 58.0 | 0.79 | ||||
300 | 69.2 | 0.68 | ||||
20 | 1.228 | 1.136/1.339 | 50 | 14.0 | 1.6 | |
100 | 19.0 | 1.5 | ||||
200 | 29.3 | 1.4 | ||||
30 | 1.095 | 0.983/1.181 | 50 | 5.3 | 2.39 | |
100 | 8.3 | 2.35 | ||||
200 | 14.7 | 2.18 | ||||
S4 | 0 | 1.615 | 1.466/1.798 | 50 | 72.2 | 0.38 |
100 | 97.7 | 0.38 | ||||
200 | 138.6 | 0.43 | ||||
300 | 170.0 | 0.39 | ||||
400 | 189.0 | 0.38 | ||||
10 | 1.436 | 1.320/1.575 | 50 | 33.7 | 0.86 | |
100 | 44.2 | 0.79 | ||||
200 | 64.6 | 0.71 | ||||
300 | 77.8 | 0.66 | ||||
20 | 1.307 | 1.228/1.397 | 50 | 15.1 | 1.08 | |
100 | 22.5 | 1.01 | ||||
200 | 33.5 | 0.96 | ||||
300 | 41.4 | 0.98 | ||||
30 | 1.189 | 1.106/1.287 | 50 | 9.0 | 1.56 | |
100 | 13.0 | 1.52 | ||||
200 | 20.6 | 1.35 | ||||
300 | 25.7 | 1.28 |
2.2 Equipment, Specimen Preparation and Testing
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Small Strain Response
3.2 Intermediate Strain Response
Material | Aq | dq |
---|---|---|
Sand S2 and S2RM | 11.53 | − 0.026 |
Sand S3 and S3RM | 12.29 | − 0.058 |
Sand S4 and S4RM | 18.82 | − 0.042 |