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Water Resources Management
Erschienen in: Water Resources Management 10/2017

09.03.2017

Responding to the ‘Wicked Problem’ of Water Insecurity

Erschienen in: Water Resources Management | Ausgabe 10/2017

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Abstract

This paper highlights key trends and projections in water scarcity, reviews the ways that water security and water scarcity are most commonly understood, and explores possible responses. Based on a selected review of the literature, an explanation is provided of ways that water pricing can be applied to respond to water insecurity from both a demand and supply perspective. ‘Hard’ and also ‘soft’ approaches that include stakeholder, policy and decision processes are briefly reviewed as ways to promote water security. Collectively, the paper provides a guide about how decision makers might efficiently and equitably respond to the ‘wicked problem’ of water insecurity.
Vorheriger Artikel Overview of Water Policy Developments: Pre- and Post-2015 Development Agenda
Nächster Artikel The WFD Implementation in the European Member States

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Fußnoten
1
Sustainable Development Goal 6 (see https://​sustainabledevel​opment.​un.​org/​sdg6) includes freshwater targets that, in addition to access to safe water and sanitation comprise targets for: improved water quality, water-use efficiency, the use of integrated water resource management, and capacity building. Based on data retrieved in July 2016 from 170 countries the proportion of a national population with access to sanitation ranges from 7% to 100% (mean of all countries 72%) while access to improved water varies from 32% to 100% (mean all countries 88%) United Nations (2016).
 
2
Water extractions refer to physical withdrawals of water while water consumption refers to the difference between water withdrawals and the water returned to surface or groundwater sources after use. Irrigation typically has a high rate of water consumption of between 50 and 90% relative to amount of water extracted while household water consumption may consume between 5 and 20% of the water extracted.
 
3
‘Blue water’ is the water accessible from rivers, streams, human-made water storages and groundwater while ‘green water’ is freely available from precipitation or soil moisture.
 
4
Jaeger et al. (2013, p. 4506) provide a valuable synthesis of how the marginal value of water gives an economic measure of water scarcity. Their definition of water scarcity is, however, more akin to the existing definitions of water security than to water scarcity, namely, “…water scarcity is fundamentally a normative, anthropocentric concept and, thus, can and should be distinguished from the related, purely descriptive notion of water deficit.” Thus, we argue that the use of a marginal benefit concept is more appropriate for a quantitative measure of water security, rather than water scarcity.
 
5
Nikolakis and Grafton (2014, p. 25), writing in the context of water reallocation in Northern Australia, highlight that “…fairness is that all parties will give adequate consideration to the interests, property, rights and security of other parties in an exchange, so that all parties obtain a fair flow of the benefits and burdens from a system.”
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Responding to the ‘Wicked Problem’ of Water Insecurity
Publikationsdatum
09.03.2017
Erschienen in
Water Resources Management / Ausgabe 10/2017
Print ISSN: 0920-4741
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-1650
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1606-9

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