Introduction and goals
The study area and the dataset
Hydrogeological conditions
Database
No. of well | Litology of the screened interval of the aquifer | Surface elevation (m asl) | Depth of well (m) | Depth to water level (m) | Pumped water level (m) | Drawdown (m) | Abstraction rate (m3/s) | Abstraction duration (s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm | 104.96 | 28 | 4.38 | 7.57 | 3.19 | 0.00307 | 3600 |
2 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm | 106.8 | 740 | 1.25 | 17.18 | 15.93 | 0.00717 | 7200 |
3 | Q pebble, T3 Main Dolomite | 102.15 | 8 | 3.92 | 7.05 | 3.13 | 0.00010 | 3600 |
4 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm | 101.92 | 10 | 3.1 | 3.59 | 0.49 | 0.00350 | 3600 |
5 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm | 104.11 | 12 | 4.5 | 5.57 | 1.07 | 0.00303 | 3600 |
6 | T2-3 Middle Triassic-Carnian dolomite | 123.76 | 1064 | 16.6 | 25.1 | 8.5 | 0.01333 | 7200 |
7 | E3-Ol1 Buda Marl | 160.89 | 1462 | 35.2 | 41 | 5.8 | 0.01367 | 7200 |
8 | M3-Pl sandstone | 222.86 | 670 | 99 | 127 | 28 | 0.00417 | 259,200 |
9 | M3-Pl sandstone | 116.23 | 866 | 3.77 | 18.1 | 14.33 | 0.00667 | 86,400 |
10 | M3-Pl sandstone | 146.96 | 816 | 39.05 | 68 | 28.95 | 0.00900 | 7200 |
11 | M3-Pl sandstone | 122.26 | 419 | 19.12 | 47 | 27.88 | 0.01167 | 7200 |
12 | M3-Pl sandstone | 115.18 | 1103 | 3.45 | 37 | 33.55 | 0.02400 | 7200 |
Aquifer test methodology
Analytical, Cooper and Jacob
Numerical visual two zone (VTZ)
Analytical and numerical, WT Software
Conditions | Solved by | Included in | |
---|---|---|---|
VTZ | WT | ||
Borehole of finite diameter | Papadopulos and Cooper (1967) | Y | Y |
Storage in the borehole | Papadopulos and Cooper (1967) | Y | Y |
Well losses | Clarke (1977) | Y | Y |
Variable abstraction yield | Birsoy and Summers (1980) | Y | Y |
Step-drawdown-test | Eden and Hazel (1973) | Y | Y |
Recovery test (zero yield) | Theis (1935) | Y | Y |
Impervious/constant head barrier | Ferris et al. (1962) | Y | Y |
Variation of saturated thickness | Ferris et al. (1962) | Y | – |
Semi-confined conditions | Hantush (1956) | Y | Y |
Recharge | Y | Y | |
Delayed yield | Boulton (1954) | Y | |
Delayed gravity response | Neuman (1975) | Y | |
Fractured media | Boulton and Streltsova (1978) | Y | – |
Warren and Root (1963) | – | Y | |
Kazemi et al. (1969) | – | Y | |
Moench (1984) | – | Y | |
Partial penetration | Hantush (1961) | Y | Y |
Change, confined/unconfined | Y | – |
Results of the study
Carbonate aquifer, Well 5, Budapest
VTZ model
Steps | Abstraction rate (dm3/s) | Time (day) | Parameters | Upper AF | Lower AF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VTZ model: unconfined, two layered model, screened for the upper aquifer unit | |||||
1 | 0.87 | 0.04 | d (m) | 7.00 | 50.00 |
2 | 1.82 | 0.08 | Kh (m/s) | 5.15E−04 | 5.79E–07 |
3 | 3.03 | 0.13 | Kv (m/s) | 2.66E−04 | 1.04E–04 |
Recovery | 0.00 | 0.17 | Ss (1/m) | 6.00E–06 | |
Screen diameter (inch) | 4.0 | Sy | 0.10 |
Parameters | Parameters | 1st layer | 2nd layer | 3rd layer | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WT model: three layer model, screened for the 2nd layer | |||||
Radius of the screen (m) | 0.13 | d (m) | 1.30 | 5.20 | 50.00 |
Well storativity (m2) | 0.01 | Kh (m/s) | 5.95E–07 | 1.42E−04 | 5.95E–07 |
Skin zone radius (m) | 2.00 | Kv (m/s) | 1.07E–04 | 2.74E−04 | 1.07E–04 |
Kskin (m/s) | 3.67E-02 | Ss (1/m) | 2.51E−04 | 2.51E–04 | |
Sy | 0.10 | ||||
Screen length (m) | 1.70 | ||||
Mean absolute deviation (m) | 0.01 |
WT model
Sandstone aquifer, Well 8, Pécel
VTZ model
Parameters | Parameters | Overlay AC | Upper AF | Middle AT | Lower AF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VTZ model: confined, four layer model, both aquifer screened by the well | ||||||
Abstraction rate (dm3/s) | 4.17 | d (m) | 606.00 | 5.0 | 15.5 | 16.5 |
Time (day) | 3.00 | Kh (m/s) | 1.16E−06 | 1.36E−05 | ||
Recovery (day) | 0.10 | Kv (m/s) | 0.00 | 2.31E−06 | 2.31E-07 | 3.47E−06 |
Screen diameter (inch) | 7.04 | Ss (1/m) | 1.00E−04 | 6.06E−06 | ||
Well loss | 4.00 | 4.00 |
Parameters | Parameters | 1. segment | 2. segment | 3. segment | 4. segment | 5. segment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WT model: 5 segment numerical model, the 2nd and 3rd segment screened by the well | |||||||
Radius of the screen (m) | 0.09 | daf (m) | 3.50 | 5.00 | 9.00 | 2.50 | 0.01 |
Well storativity (m2) | 0.02 | dat (m) | 0.01 | 20.00 | 15.50 | 5.00 | 46.00 |
Khaf (m/s) | 2.02E−05 | 2.02E−05 | 1.43E−05 | 1.43E−05 | 0 | ||
Ssaf (1/m) | 7.27E−07 | 7.27E−07 | 7.27E−07 | 7.27E−07 | 0 | ||
Kvat (m/s) | 0 | 5.00E−10 | 5.00E−10 | 5.00E−10 | 5.00E−10 | ||
Ssat (1/m) | 0 | 5.00E−07 | 5.00E−07 | 5.00E−07 | 5.00E−07 | ||
Screen length (m) | 5.00 | 9.00 | |||||
Laminar skin | 0.02 | − 0.08 | |||||
Mean absolute deviation (m) | 0.186 | – |
WT model
Interpretation and discussion
No. of well | Litology of the screened interval of the aquifer | Theis | VTZ model | WT model | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kmean (m/s) | Kh (m/s) | Kv (m/s) | Ss (1/m) | Sy | Kh (m/s) | Kv (m/s) | Kmean (m/s) | Ss (1/m) | ||
1 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm. | 1.1E−04 | 1.1E−04 | 3.5E−05 | 3.0E−02 | 1.1E−04 | 3.0E−05 | 1.3E−03 | ||
2 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm. | 1.7E−05 | 2.1E−05 | 8.1E−04 | 2.5E−05 | 1.7E−05 | 1.5E−04 | |||
3 | Q pebble, T3 Main Dolomite | 5.0E−06 | 2.1E−05 | 9.3E−08 | 1.0E−01 | 2.1E−05 | 9.3E−08 | 7.9E−06 | ||
4 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm. | 6.4E−03 | 1.7E−03 | 7.4E−02 | 1.0E−02 | 1.9E−03 | 7.7E−02 | 1.1E−06 | ||
5 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm. | 3.1E−04 | 5.2E−04 | 2.7E−04 | 1.0E−01 | 1.4E−04 | 2.7E−04 | 2.5E−04 | ||
6 | T2-3 Middle Triassic- Carnian dolomite | 1.2E−04 | 2.6E−05 | 1.2E−03 | 3.8E−07 | |||||
7 | E3-Ol1 Buda Marl | 8.8E−06 | 1.2E−04 | 1.0E−06 | ||||||
8 | M3-Pl sandstone | 1.1E−05 | 1.4E−05 | 3.5E−06 | 6.1E−06 | 1.7E−05 | 7.3E−07 | |||
9 | M3-Pl sandstone | 2.4E−05 | 3.3E−05 | 1.9E−05 | 5.0E−06 | |||||
10 | M3-Pl sandstone | 7.7E−06 | 5.6E−06 | 3.5E−06 | 1.3E−06 | |||||
11 | M3-Pl sandstone | 4.5E−05 | 2.5E−05 | 2.2E−05 | 1.1E−06 | |||||
12 | M3-Pl sandstone | 7.3E−06 | 1.6E−05 | 2.9E−06 | 9.4E−06 |
No. of well | Lithology of the screened interval | Model mean values | |
---|---|---|---|
Kh (m/s) | Kv (m/s) | ||
1 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm. | 1.10E−04 | 3.24E−05 |
2 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm. | 1.92E−05 | 8.10E−04 |
3 | Q pebble, T3 Main Dolomite | 1.56E−05 | 9.27E−08 |
4 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm. | 3.36E−03 | 7.54E−02 |
5 | T3 Main Dolomite Fm. | 3.21E−04 | 2.70E−04 |
6 | T2-3 Middle Triassic- Carnian dolomite | 7.37E−05 | 1.16E−03 |
7 | E3-Ol1 Buda Marl | 8.80E−06 | 1.16E−04 |
8 | M3-Pl sandstone | 1.39E−05 | 3.47E−06 |
9 | M3-Pl sandstone | 2.85E−05 | 1.85E−05 |
10 | M3-Pl sandstone | 6.62E−06 | 3.47E−06 |
11 | M3-Pl sandstone | 3.50E−05 | 2.20E−05 |
12 | M3-Pl sandstone | 1.15E−05 | 2.89E−06 |