No matter what kind of business form of intellectual property operation service mentioned above, it does not shine as brilliantly as digital technology in life service industry [
33,
34]. At the macro-level, we think that the reason why the development of China’s intellectual property operation services will encounter so many difficulties is that the development stage of China’s intellectual property operation services is still in the early stage. Although China’s intellectual property operation service format has the advantage of late development, compared with the development experience of western countries for hundreds of years, the unique national conditions and decades of development have not formed corresponding accumulation. This section mainly analyzes from the micro-level, specifically from three aspects: the comparison of intellectual property operation services, the comparison of commercial resource providing platforms, and the design strategy of intellectual property and commercial platform.
Comparison of business resource provision platforms
This section mainly compares the services provided by the four commercial resource platforms mentioned in the third section, and selects several special indicators for comparison. As shown in Table
1.
Table 1
Comparison of Business Resource Provision Platforms
SIPOP | detailed, transparent and open, comprehensive | Cooperate; evaluation and analysis services | “Zhirongbao”, “Zhishan loan”, “Zhi credit” and “Zhongchuang and Zhibao” | information service | patent litigation products | / |
IPOnline | / | Customized service | “zhirongbao” | / | Cooperation with law firms | / |
CIPRUN | ISO system, CCC, CE, ITSS, credit evaluation | consultation, analysis, risk early warning, value evaluation | Asset appraisal,real estate management services, mortgage,guarantee | online management of “Zhiweishi” | online management of “Zhiweishi” | / |
TSITE | Cooperate with a large number of IP service companies | Cooperate with a large number of IP operation service companies | Cooperate with a large number of IP operation service companies | - | Cooperation with law firms | Resources are combined with experience and IP thinking |
In Table
1, on the whole, the intellectual property value evaluation, intellectual property financial services and legal services of the commercial resource providing platform are basically available, which are obtained through the platform’s self-operation and cooperation with third-party institutions. Horizontally, among the five functional indicators, SIPOP does not include video streaming media function, IPOnline does not include IP authentication query, STIS and video streaming media function, and CIPRUN does not have video streaming media function. TSITE has no STIS function. Vertically, in terms of IP authentication query indicators, only IPOnline does not have this function indicator. In terms of science and technology information services, SIPOP and CIPRUN have this service function. However, international video streaming media is only available on the TSITE platform, and it is also the primary operation mode of the TSITE platform. It is worth noting that TSITE has accumulated rich resources and experience by providing customers with basic value-added services free of charge. Combine resources, experience and intellectual property thinking to form an online communication mode of international video streaming media, and carry out corresponding offline matching to meet the needs of enterprises.
Design strategies of intellectual property operation and commercial platforms
In the design of the intellectual property operation service platform, the intellectual property operation service should be defined as a commercial service: the business attribute should be enhanced by human empowerment to facilitate the exchange between the platform and users. This kind of exchange should be a direct exchange rather than a converted indirect exchange, which explains why fund and big data are feasible but developing slowly: indirect exchange reduces its exchange efficiency. Direct exchange comes from the needs of users, that is, the closer the intellectual property operation services provided are to the customers’ needs, the higher the exchange efficiency will be. Through the visit and investigation of hundreds of experiences distributed in various regions of China, it is concluded that the specific needs of the top three enterprises are: customers, financing and technology. Customers’ purchase of products or services is the fundamental factor for enterprises to maintain positive cash flow. The amount of financing is positively related to the theoretical range of enterprise development. Technological innovation makes enterprises form core competitiveness that cannot be surpassed by peers in a short period of time. The relationship between the specific needs of these three enterprises and intellectual property rights is indirect. In order to bridge in many directions, it is necessary to set up a media with mass attributes artificially. This kind of media is different due to different genes of operators of intellectual property operation service platforms.
Taking TSITE group as an example, this section introduces the design strategy of intellectual property operation service from four aspects: international video streaming media based on business demand, classification of enterprise audience and establishment of the regional and industrial business community, brand effect of regional expansion and strong planning, and government empowerment and platform credibility brand construction.
International video streaming media based on enterprise demand for commercial resources
TSITE group (HK) Co., Limited is a kind of video streaming media which is produced by intellectual property and spread internationally. TSITE group has been engaged in the economic matching business in the fields of financing, market and technology for many years, and has accumulated a lot of resources and experience. First of all, combine these resources with experience and intellectual property thinking to form an international video streaming media mode for online transmission, and then accurately feedback the resources and information obtained after transmission to the source enterprises. Finally, the corresponding offline matching is carried out to meet the needs of enterprises. The series of the trilogy not only meets the needs of intellectual property agency companies to provide high-quality additional services at the same time, it also constitutes the basic operation mode of TSITE intellectual property operation service platform. In the basic operation mode of TSITE intellectual property operation service platform, how to use very low cost to produce high-quality international video streaming media on a large scale and make it spread in the entire platform ecosystem is the premise.
At present, the production cost is very high, and the only choice to achieve low cost, high quantity and high-quality output is to fully adopt the combination of standardized production and crowdsourcing and crowdfunding. On the one hand, TSITE intellectual property operation service platform uses the internship system of vocational colleges to set up a video shooting and editing production team to reduce costs in the way of standardized production, and the team composition includes shooting editing and participating in communication; on the other hand, the platform makes full use of cross-regional crowdsourcing and crowdfunding of digital technology to solve the problem of team coverage, and the specific methods include service outsourcing and joint construction. International video streaming media adopts English interpretation, supplemented by Chinese subtitles, with the standard “TSITE Intellectual Property Operation Service Platform” format of the title and ending, and interprets the enterprise information of financing, market and technology with the thinking of intellectual property operation. In order to ensure the reading quality of the audience, the time of a single national video streaming media will be strictly controlled within 6 minutes. After the international video streaming media is made, the online domestic channel is TSITE official we media matrix, and the online international channel is TSITE organizational international website established in Singapore (www.t-site.org). The off-line domestic channels are local government departments of economic development and scientific and technological talents, investment and financing institutions and efficient scientific research institutes. The offline international channels are science and technology, economy and culture departments of Consulates General of Europe, America, Japan and South Korea in Shanghai, chambers of Commerce of various countries in Shanghai and non-governmental exchange organizations.
Classification of enterprise audience and establishment of regional and industrial business community
In the enterprises that the intellectual property operation service platform is facing, it is classified according to whether they have intellectual property (including invention patent, utility model, design, software copyright and trademark, etc.). For enterprises with intellectual property rights, the platform adopts the way of public welfare subsidies to produce international video streaming media for them to express their demands and disseminate their information. In the process of mutual integration and knowledge exchange, the higher demand for business innovation based on intellectual property will be mined and digested, which is one of the initial profit models of the platform. For the enterprises that have not owned the intellectual property rights, the platform will package its intellectual property solutions with international video streaming media on the principle of incremental no price increase, so as to realize the feedback of the platform and cultivate the awareness of intellectual property rights of enterprises to help them innovate. Based on the criteria of regional and industrial distribution, the cross distribution of business interests and knowledge flow will be formed. Some enterprises in the same region unite to form a large-scale cost reduction, and enterprises in different regions complement each other in various resources to expand scalability. The collaborative innovation of the upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain, and the enterprises in the branch chain optimize the industrial environment. In the above-mentioned economic and cultural knowledge exchange activities, TSITE intellectual property operation service platform will become the hub of various needs, information flows and resources, and will be located in the core position of the entire ecosystem with intellectual property as the theme. The platform can not only digest all kinds of needs by itself, but also organize crowdsourcing or crowdfunding for marketization, so as to achieve economic benefits while solving enterprise problems.
The brand effect of regional expansion and strong planning
No matter what kind of content is based on, one of the most significant characteristics of digital online platform is that it can break through the limitation of physical space, provide services for all kinds of subjects on the platform and form feedback interaction. From the perspective of the regional distribution of the main body, we can find that the larger the scope of the regional distribution, the stronger the complementarity between similar subjects and various subjects. From the technical route of platform development, we can find that the faster the scale is formed, the lower the marginal cost of platform operation and the stronger the stability. In the initial stage, TSITE intellectual property operation service platform parallels the sample cultivation and regional expansion by taking the region as the unit: the sample cultivation provides a good demonstration for regional expansion and attracts the subjects from different regions to enter into it. The regional expansion not only provides a strong resource support for the platform policy source, but also has beneficial knowledge exchange for the platform based on the development experience of foreign countries. In an era when form and content are equally important, it is necessary for platform engineering to continuously export valuable products, services and solutions in the most appropriate way and form a brand. This so-called most appropriate way is a processed content generated information flow in line with the current reading habits. On the TSITE intellectual property operation service platform, it is the knowledge output based on the international video streaming media mentioned above.
Government empowerment and brand building of platform credibility
The strong support of the relevant government departments represented by the Intellectual Property Office for the development of the intellectual property operation service platform is not only the background of the birth, growth and development of the series of intellectual property operation service platforms, but also endows great energy for the brand construction of the platform’s credibility. According to the field visit and investigation of the State Intellectual Property Office, the competent authorities are very familiar with the difficulties and myths encountered in the development of the current intellectual property operation service platform. However, based on the role positioning and system constraints, it can only provide indirect support in the aspects of environment creation, so as to avoid breaking the market mechanism. TSITE intellectual property operation service platform is different from the existing similar platforms driven mainly by investment or big data. Its strong commercialization and landing are directly related to the hot issues of financing, market and technology, which are concerned by relevant government departments. Therefore, it is easier to obtain resource support from multiple government departments. By using powerful government resources, taking the basic intellectual property agency as the unit starting point, closely following the financing of end customers, market and technical requirements, and strong planning, the international video streaming media will spread, and the eventually established ecosystem will have a strong brand appeal. In this brand appeal, the relevant intellectual property operation service platform can create corresponding economic and social value.
Opportunities and challenges from enabling technologies
In the era of mobile Internet, the development of security-driven distributed operation service platforms has shown a good trend, and the development of resource coordination and service configuration has gradually stabilized. In order to enhance the core value and competitiveness of the platform and create a comprehensive IP service platform, the IP operation platform needs to be based on its own resource advantages, deeply grasp the characteristics of the target needs, provide users with content that conforms to the trend of informatization, and increase configuration methods. Realize intelligent communication between all parties. In order to meet these requirements, the current operating platform development still faces challenges.
Cloud and edge computing
In the Internet environment, cloud platforms have huge potential and are the mainstream of development. The TSITE cloud platform is realized through the synergy of relevant functional information of digital enterprises to realize data sharing and collaboration during the project cycle. All projects are scattered in major industries. The unified planning of the specific results of IP is an important factor for commercial products to gain market share. This will provide a scientific basis for the management and development of the enterprise. However, the resource allocation of TSITE platform is still in individual task mode, and most platforms still lack IP resources that emphasize collaboration and sharing. How to deploy the architecture in the cloud platform environment, manage the cloud service-oriented platform system, and at the same time control the platform authority classification, ensure the quality of platform resources, and carry out effective integration, which is a big challenge. In future research, cloud service platforms will become mainstream, and their service functions will become more and more mature. In the Internet era, the amount of data generated by intellectual property operation platforms has exploded, and data applications are distributed in various geographical locations. In the Internet era, the amount of data generated by the intellectual property operation platform is increasing explosively, and the application of data is distributed in various geographical locations. When information is stored in the cloud platform, enterprises can reduce the use of infrastructure and reduce the cost through less hardware. Enterprises no longer need to operate and manage their own center. Investing in cloud computing has become a more dynamic business model. At present, most digital Internet of things platforms rely on cloud computing technology, and cloud computing has become the main trend of current and future development. Although the cloud service platform provides efficient services, the current network bandwidth cost is high, the network environment is complicated, and the network delay is caused, which makes it difficult to further improve the efficiency of the cloud service platform.
In this context, the arrival of new edge computing technology may overturn the dominant position of cloud computing. And, edge computing has gradually been applied to operational service platforms [
45,
46]. Edge refers to the edge of the network, computing and storage resources are relative to the data in the data center. Compared with data centers, the edge of the network is closer to users at geographic distances. The operating platform uses edge computing to provide technical services for users near the data source, and is committed to independently building its own operating service system. It can not only alleviate the high demand pressure caused by massive data on network bandwidth, but also speed up the response speed of the business and enhance the responsiveness of the business. At present, there are relatively mature edge computing platforms that have achieved good applications and development in some fields. However, in the actual application of the intellectual property operating platform, there are still many issues that need to be studied [
47,
48]. First, how to solve the problem of resources scattered among multiple subjects, such as the management and control of their own resources by users, network and operation service platform providers, and centralized management of resources that are different from cloud platforms for each subject, which also involves the main body of resource management, and the introduction of intermediate services when resource supply and transportation needs. However, the functions provided by this intermediary service method are limited and cannot meet other special needs [
49]. Therefore, how to solve the problem of resource decentralization and flexible application is worthy of further study. Another problem is to solve the mobility of the geographic location of the user application operating platform, because each node of the edge computing serves the surrounding users. Once the geographic location changes, the corresponding service node needs to be switched. At this point, it is necessary to quickly match the available resources around and switch through the application location. How to meet the heterogeneity of resources and the diversity of network bandwidth, and to carry out effective resource exchange is also a major research difficulty. The next important issue is that virtualization technology also needs to be studied. Therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate virtualization technology to perform edge computing on the operating platform. At the same time, virtualization technology cannot impose too many constraints on the environment, so as to maximize the use of medical resources and achieve more service requests. Data analysis is also a key issue in the development of edge computing. After analyzing and processing each subject resource, it is necessary to extract effective information. However, the number of computing nodes in edge computing is huge, and the existing common data analysis methods are not suitable for edge computing on operating platforms. As a new computing service model, edge computing still faces a series of challenges.
Knowledge engineering
TSITE IP team understanding of the operational services of IP is not limited to the simple direct acquisition of commercial value. At the same time, it cooperates with a large number of existing IP operational service companies to provide value-added services for customers. Its advantages are user resources and IP system engineering management support system. In the construction project, the related attributes and relations of IP and the legal relations involved are very complex, so it is necessary to effectively manage and utilize the resources to transform the multi-resource into realistic productive forces. Due to the influence and restriction of organizational mode, management level and complexity of relationship, specific strategy guidance has not been implemented yet.
Knowledge engineering relies on the current environment of big data and Internet to mine the association of information resources to the greatest extent, and stores the data in the formatted form in the computer as the established knowledge, which is convenient for management and utilization, and improves the efficiency of resource management in all aspects. There is no available knowledge engineering database in the IP operational service platform, and there are cold start challenges for the construction of knowledge engineering platform in specific fields. The construction methods are top-down and bottom-up. Top-down refers to first defining all the concepts and corresponding data resource patterns existing in the project, and then adding the annotated entity data into them. Bottom-up refers to the extraction of data from existing resources, the selection of some data into the project, and then the top-level definition and design. The platform makes use of advanced management tools to digitize information through the construction of IP rights projects. In order to give full play to the value of enterprise IP and further integrate it into the “knowledge engineering” project, it is necessary to collect knowledge templates, determine the knowledge representation method, and establish the knowledge base based on ontology. According to the collected templates, a new template suitable for IP can be combined, and the definition of computer language can be made clear to facilitate the analysis and screening of IP characteristics and attributes. Moreover, the extraction and exchange of information can realize the practice of further digging concept semantics, so as to meet the needs of knowledge retrieval. The realization of knowledge engineering needs to generate knowledge points from all kinds of original resources in the field of IP and complete the association analysis of knowledge, which is faced with specific technical problems of entity identification and attribute linkage, and the phenomenon of diversity, openness and ambiguity in the construction process is also an urgent problem to be solved.
Cybersecurity
With the rapid development of my country’s commercial operation cloud platform, resource sharing and in-depth utilization are realized, economic growth is promoted, and new markets are opened up. The biggest feature of cloud storage is that storage is a service. Users can upload their data to the cloud for protection through a shared API. However, because users lose absolute control over data, some hidden data security risks have also arisen, that is, they are facing with more security challenges, the security issues of the TSITE platform have become increasingly prominent. Most users worry about data security when using operating service platforms, especially third-party platforms that use IoT data without authorization. If the cloud platform computing model is adopted, all user and intellectual property resource data are stored in the data center, which is difficult for users to control step by step. Unlike traditional resource collection and storage methods, the existing IP resource architecture has large capacity and many aspects. The new system structure brings corresponding security threats. As a new model, edge computing provides greater processing capabilities for platform terminals. However, there is a huge threat of private information leakage in collaboration services. Aiming at the problem of privacy leakage, intelligent offloading methods are proposed to achieve privacy protection. Technically, achieve the balance between privacy protection and system service performance. Even so, the existing research has many differences in the core security cognition and key functions of the platform, especially in data-driven applications, the trade-off between data availability and privacy, and traditional security technologies are difficult to meet the needs of platform dynamic operation [
50‐
52]. Based on this, it is necessary to improve the security monitoring capabilities of the platform, crack the situation of resource utilization, and organize the formation of a platform security technical framework. Key technologies such as privacy protection and resource desensitization need to be solved in a breakthrough.
Summary
This section discusses the design, development and service mode of intellectual property platform from four aspects: legal services of intellectual property, comparison of specific industries, financial services and business resource services, and intellectual property operation service platform, and through cloud/edge computing, knowledge engineering, security and privacy. However, there are also deficiencies. The specific realization of intellectual property service mode and the technical realization of intellectual property platform need further investigation and research. In addition, the application of intellectual property in specific industries needs further investigation and summary.