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2020 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Selected Topics in Probabilistic Safety Assessment

Methodology and Practice in Nuclear Power Plants

verfasst von: Dr. Dan Serbanescu, Prof. Dr. Anatoli Paul Ulmeanu

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is a structured, comprehensive, and logical analysis method aimed at identifying and assessing risks in complex technological systems, such as the nuclear power plants. It is also known as probabilistic risk assessment – PRA. This book presents the theoretical basis to understand the numerous and complex aspects that are covered by PSA and it will help the reader to better understand and to effectively manage risks. The book provides PSA methods and techniques and it includes recommended procedures that are based on the experience of the authors and applicable to different levels and types of PSA that are used for nuclear power plants applications. It can be used as extra reading for PSA courses for practitioners and it provides quantitative risk methodology documentation for PSA.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This chapter is a general introduction to PSA considered from the perspective of the special topics of interest for PSA practitioners and/or of use for the newcomers training in this area. These aspects are mainly related to the following: (a) How the NPP information has to be prepared in order to build a PSA model? (b) Which are the specifics of PSA as a probabilistic method of an NPP analysis versus the deterministic one? (c) Specifics of the PSA method, which are of high impact and importance in complementing the deterministic analyses; (d) A survey of the most important PSA tasks for which there is an interest for practitioners and training of newcomers on how actually to implement various standards provisions. The approach adopted in the book is presented, which consists of describing the main goals and difficulties of the tasks, the proposed solutions (based on the authors’ experience) and examples of the use of the suggested solutions.
Dan Serbanescu, Anatoli Paul Ulmeanu
Chapter 2. Special Topics in Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSA) Level 1
Abstract
The special topics presented in this chapter are related to the in Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSA) level 1, which is evaluating the risk impact considering that the reactor is damaged. The tasks are presented in the approach mentioned in the introduction and in the order of their flow path during the performance of such a study, i.e.: (a) How the input to the PSA model is prepared and which are the main challenges? (b) The screening of the hazards and the evaluation of the considered challenges to the NPP (Initiating Events), possibly leading to risk increase; (c) The development of the databases for failures of components and frequencies of the initiators; (d) Description of the plant reaction to the challenges by modeling it in a series of event trees for the chosen list of initiators in the previous tasks; (e) Description of plant barriers to the challenges identified in the event trees; (f) Integration and quantification general approach and special aspects of this task for internal/area or external events in NPP unitary models. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of PSA level 1, as basic information for further use of results in the decision-making process.
Dan Serbanescu, Anatoli Paul Ulmeanu
Chapter 3. Special Topics in Probabilistic Safety Assessments Levels 2, 3 and PSA Applications
Abstract
The special topics presented in this chapter are related to the in Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSA) level 2 (considering failure of the reactor followed by the failure of the containment) PSA level 3 (considering that there will be release to the environment), which are evaluating the risk impact on the NPP site for the workers, and, respectively, for the environment and population. Starting with level 2 PSA the increasing degree of uncertainty in assumptions makes the tasks related to the post-processing and interpretation of results of high interest. From this perspective, some aspects are presented in detail, as, for instance, the interface between the PSA assumptions and models and the general safety paradigms adopted by the international community at a certain moment in time, the use of PSA results for various applications aimed at supporting the improvements in the safety level at NPP and the use of PSA results for the decision-making process on safety aspects. The feedback to the PSA inputs is considered also important, as well as some aspects related to the research activities supporting PSA methodology.
Dan Serbanescu, Anatoli Paul Ulmeanu
Chapter 4. Mathematics for Probabilistic Safety Assessments
Abstract
The tasks of interest for PSA practitioners are highly based on specialized mathematical tools, which are presented in this chapter. They are related (but not limited) to the following: Presentation of the general theoretical basis for the discrete probability spaces, i.e. formulas, description of the concepts and special aspects related to the random variables and distributions, variance, covariance, correlation and dependent failures, as well as confidence limits. The important aspects of logical structures and how the importance of various contributors to the plant challenges might be calculated are also detailed. The chapter presents also basic definitions and results from special researches on the mathematical background of PSA, as for instance coherent fault trees.
Dan Serbanescu, Anatoli Paul Ulmeanu
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Selected Topics in Probabilistic Safety Assessment
verfasst von
Dr. Dan Serbanescu
Prof. Dr. Anatoli Paul Ulmeanu
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-40548-9
Print ISBN
978-3-030-40547-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40548-9

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