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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Self-Driving Cars and Criminal Law

verfasst von : Alaor Leite

Erschienen in: Legal Aspects of Autonomous Systems

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This paper addresses the thought-provoking topic of the interaction between self-driving cars and Criminal Law. In this regard, I would like to consider the problem also known as tragic choices: Is it allowed to program a vehicle, in the imminent event of an accident, to choose between lives? And if not, should it be? After an introduction about the tragic choices dilemma (1., 2.), I will present some illustrative cases (3.). The description of a current state of the discussion, mostly in Germany, will reveal the as yet unresolved problems so we can provide an answer about the possibility of these vehicles, on the basis of certain criteria, to choose between some lives at the expense of others (4.). The presented difficulties suggest that perhaps it is appropriate to think in terms of a type of transitional rule.

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Fußnoten
1
For a deeper reflection, I refer the book I organized along with Heloísa Estellita: Estellita H, Leite A (2019).
 
2
Pinker (2018), p. 180.
 
3
Gesetz zur Änderung des Straßenverkehrsgesetzes und des Pflichtversicherungsgesetzes – Gesetz zum autonomen Fahren vom 12.7.2021 (BGBl. 2021 I, 3108). See also the report of the German Ethics Commitee: Bericht der Ethik-Kommission „Automatisiertes und vernetztes Fahren “, p. 11.
 
4
“The practical problem is which employee would be criminally liable for the so-called “murder” of the pedestrian. A piece of paper cannot be imprisoned. The CEO of a major car company like Ford would not write the algorithm. Presumably someone in the company made the decision—or actually, she may not have thought of the exact situation that caused the death. Assume that the vehicle is programmed to minimize harm; in such a case, the manager who made that decision did so with good intentions: to minimize harm. She would have no knowledge of the specific incident that gave rise to the person’s death because the decisions are so attenuated in time and space.402 Although the company may know that its mitigation algorithm could result in someone’s death, that result was never its intent. Therefore, courts should not impose criminal liability on a manufacturer for the decisions made by the crash-optimization algorithm” Gurney (2016), p. 262.
 
5
For more details see my book Leite (2019)
 
6
Greco (2019), p. 167.
 
7
Nozick (1974), p. 33.
 
8
Greco (2019), p. 167.
 
9
Gurney (2016), p. 267.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Estellita H, Leite A (eds) (2019) Veículos autônomos e direito penal. Marcial Pons, São Paulo Estellita H, Leite A (eds) (2019) Veículos autônomos e direito penal. Marcial Pons, São Paulo
Zurück zum Zitat Greco L (2019) Autonome Kraftfahrzeuge und Kollisionslage. In: Schumann KH, Toepel F, Böse M (eds) Festischrift für Kindhäuser. Nomos, Baden-Baden Greco L (2019) Autonome Kraftfahrzeuge und Kollisionslage. In: Schumann KH, Toepel F, Böse M (eds) Festischrift für Kindhäuser. Nomos, Baden-Baden
Zurück zum Zitat Gurney J (2016) Crashing into the unknown: an examination of crash-optimization algorithms through the two lanes of ethics and law. Albany Law Rev 79:183–267 Gurney J (2016) Crashing into the unknown: an examination of crash-optimization algorithms through the two lanes of ethics and law. Albany Law Rev 79:183–267
Zurück zum Zitat Nozick R (1974) Anarchy, state, and utopia. Basic Books, New York Nozick R (1974) Anarchy, state, and utopia. Basic Books, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Pinker S (2019) Enlightenment now. Penguin Pinker S (2019) Enlightenment now. Penguin
Metadaten
Titel
Self-Driving Cars and Criminal Law
verfasst von
Alaor Leite
Copyright-Jahr
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47946-5_8