Silicon Photonics & High Performance Computing

Conversion of a supply chain to value chain requires agility, adaptability, communication, collaboration, decision support, elasticity, robustness, sensitivity, and visibility. High-Performance Computing (HPC) and cloud computing systems bring additional benefits of scalability, integration, portability, processing power, storage, and interoperability for Supply Chain Management (SCM). Mega corporations and retail giants like Wal-Mart and Pratt & Whitney have deployed HPC for SCM and thereby achieved efficient and effective data administration and analysis. But the usages of HPC for SCM are restricted to a few large enterprises. Deployment challenges include difficulty in migrating from legacy to high-end systems, high cost, lack of skilled manpower, and application software. HPC along with the cloud computing paradigm integrated in the Social Mobile Analytics and Cloud (SMAC) stack can emerge as a game changer to integrate all stakeholders in the value chain into a social network real-time and actionable intelligence. The access to updates and timely information from all supply chain partners will also transform enterprises to be forecast-driven as opposed to their conventional demand-driven nature.

Smart grid is a new generation of electrical grid communication with high management of power flow control, self-healing, energy efficiency, and security through the digital communication networks and technologies. To develop a smart grid from the existing power grid, we need to integrate ICT infrastructures with grid and management of grid has to be automated in the smart way, this requires sensing technologies, distributed communication, and pervasive computing frameworks to make the smart grid more efficient and secure. Theft identifying is one of the major issues faced by many service providers and this makes huge loss to the power management and the provider. This paper proposes a secure power management and theft identification in the smart grid.

Voltage control is an important phenomenon in the ever-escalating power system. It is presumed that the voltages at various buses are within their tolerable limits. The elements of transmission line absorb the reactive power. The loads are mostly inductive which influence the voltage profile at buses. The paper examines the voltage profile at various loading conditions and suggests the ways to improve it. The paper studies the requirement of reactive power in a power system.

This paper is based on the basic performance analysis of Distributed Static Series Compensator (DSSC) required for the improvement of power system stability. The DSSC has small size and weight with cylindrical structure that is put on the line conductor without grounding. It has the capability of changing the impedance and altering the power flow through the lines. The fundamental behavior of DSSC and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is similar. However, a DSSC costs less and higher reliability. In this paper, single machine infinite bus system (SMIB) has been simulated in PSCAD for various operating conditions of power system such as steady state and during fault conditions.

Owing to frequently increasing demand of wireless communication technology, the problem of spectrum shortage arises. To overcome this, Cognitive Radio (CR) came into play. CRs use the available vacant spectrum of primary users intelligently. CRs use these spectrum holes opportunistically by changing their transmission parameters. To model the performance of a wireless network, game theory has been used due to its capability to model individual, independent decision-makers. Game theory can be used in any network at various layers, to model its behavior and performance. To send data between any two nodes in network, we need a routing protocol. We aim to find out a transmission power-aware routing algorithm which routes the message packets efficiently within the network, while maximizing the overall throughput of the system. And then we compare its performance with shortest path and minimum transmission power routing scheme. Implementation is done in MATLAB-9.0.

In the work discussed here, we evaluate the effect of change in strain, quantum well width variation, and temperature on the optical gain of two SQW (Single quantum well) nano-heterostructures. Both the heterostructures are SCH (Separate confinement heterostructures) with STIN (Step Index) profile. We have taken a quaternary semiconductor Al_0.15In_0.22Ga_0.63As/GaAs and compared it with a ternary semiconductor heterostructure In_0.45Ga_0.55As/InP. This paper is an effort to compare the effect of change of strain on the optical gain of the two heterostructures. It also analyzes the behavior of quantum well width and temperature on the gain.

Task scheduling plays a vital role in distributed computing. It enhances the performance of the system as it minimizes the overall execution time and reduces overhead problems like communication delay by allocating suitable task to appropriate processor. Different scheduling techniques are discussed in this paper which are employed for task scheduling. Taxonomy of hierarchical classification is discussed for concurrent system and further several task scheduling algorithms are described on the basis of dependency and approach used such as static or dynamic for low throughput and efficient performance.

The major developments in semiconductor laser technology, i.e., Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), really revolutionized the field of semiconductor lasers and play a pivotal role in every walk of life such as science and technology, research and development, consumer and industrial environment, medical, military, surveillance, telecommunication, and a host of other applications. Although the development of lasers is pertinent to each other because of dependence on Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) mirrors, the devices under reference are normally supposed to be the most appropriate semiconductor lasers for their evident plentiful significances and applications. In modern age, the importance of VCSELs is reflected in fact that they have become the second largest production among all types of semiconductor lasers due to intrinsic structure features of array formation, coherent emission with small beam divergence, large output power, low-threshold operations, high modulation bandwidths, etc., tuned by electrical and temperature variations. In the present investigation, the electrical and optical characteristics of the state-of-the-art long-wavelength VCSEL at 1310 nm emission is analyzed with different apertures such as 20 and 12 µm. The authors observed that if the oxide aperture of the same device is reduced 20 to 12 µm, it obtained the incremental in the carrier and photon density rates and subsequently reduces the emitted power, threshold current, and gain of the devices. The present communication discusses the history, present status, and an exposure of some state-of-the-art performances with optimized results of VCSELs.

This paper reports a novel method for detecting cancer with a small integrated lab-on-a-chip. The existing biosensors measure the interactions between the biomolecules that are absorbed on the surfaces of biochips. In this paper, a two-dimensional Photonic Crystal (PhC) ring resonator is proposed for DNA analysis of normal and cancerous blood cells. For modeling and simulation of the sensor, Finite-Domain and Time Domain (FDTD) method is used as the backend algorithm using MEEP (MIT Electromagnetic Equation Propagation) tool. Simulation shows that, for a small change in refractive index (RI) of DNA of blood, there is a change in the spectrum. Thus, the sensor can be used as a highly sensitive sensing device for the change in DNA properties because of cancer.

Different multimedia data transfer analysis through the optical network with a routing table is performed by using the conversion to a next-generation IPv6-based protocol. IPv4 suffers from some drawbacks that may be preventing the growth of the Internet. IPv6 is developed to solve the several issues of the IPv4 such as delay, jitter, error, latency, dropped packets, address depletion, security, research, and extensibility. Hence, by using it will also give an expansion of the capabilities of the Internet and provide a variety of valuable conditions, including end–end mobile applications. The ideas are implemented for the transfer of multimedia data on the connection-oriented network TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). Different multimedia data used are image, audio, and video which is downloaded and streamed to the client systems of the established optical network. The file size is taken for the experimental purpose of image, audio, and video is 20 Mb respectively. Hence, we have analyzed with the Wireshark tool at the client systems with the Ubuntu 14.04 version.

Multiply-accumulate (MAC) unit finds the large number of applications including computers and processors. In this chapter, we are implementing the optimized design of MAC unit using emerging nanotechnology called Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA). The multiplexer is the key unit in the design of MAC and we have achieved 34.78% reduction in total area in the design of multiplexer using QCA. As QCA has advantages such as reduced area and cell count, simulation time, less complexity with low power consumption, quality output with high efficiency is achieved.

Software-Defined Network is a new evolving networking technology, separating the control plane from the forwarding plane. The Routing functionality and the API for the applications plane are on the Controller. One such application on POX controller is firewall. A modification of the Learning layer 2 switch code for POX controller is done for a tree topology of depth 3 by using mininet network emulator and the packet flow between the hosts is controlled according to the rules inserted in the Learning switch.

Submerged target following in sea environment has pulled in extensive enthusiasm for both military and regular citizen applications. This paper displays the execution investigation of bearings of landing estimation procedures, subspace, and the non-subspace strategies. In this paper, investigating the Eigen-examination classification of high determination and super-determination calculations, presentation of depiction, correlation and the execution and determination investigations of these calculations are made. The examination is in light of direct exhibit receiving the wire and the count of the pseudo-spectra capacity of the estimation calculations. Customary MUSIC calculation breaks down the sign covariance network and afterward make the signs subspace acquired be orthogonal to the clamor subspace, which diminishes the impact of the commotion. Be that as it may, when the signs interim are little, customary enhanced MUSIC calculation has been not able to recognize the signs as the SNR diminishes. Another calculation is proposed utilizing SVD of the covariance lattice acquired. In this paper, different calculations are contrasted and every single accessible calculation. A ULA reception apparatus cluster setup is taken for both the calculations. Reproductions results demonstrate that proposed technique gives preferred execution over customary MUSIC calculation.

An Interferometric fiber optic hydrophone is designed in this work with a composite concentric structure. The structure is made of different layers having a variable material and structural properties. The mandrel is designed to withstand a natural frequency ranges from 0.2 to 2.5 kHz. The objective of the work is to design the mandrel which is placed at a distance ranging from 20 to 200 m underwater with varying boundary conditions. Boundary conditions specified are innermost layer of the mandrel is fixed and pressure is applied to the outermost layer of the mandrel. The design is feasible with two optic fiber layers which are wound over the center of the length of the mandrel. Preprocessing of design is made using Hyper Mesh; analysis is performed in ABAQUS 6.10 CAE tool and visualization of results in hyper view. Whenever the pressure is applied to the mandrel, the phase change of light happens which can be to calculate sensitivity mathematically.

Solar cells are constructed with the incorporation of Quantum dot layers in it. This technology of using Quantum dots in the solar cells now has become an emerging area of research in the nanotechnology field. Developing of Quantum dot-based solar cells with the use of different material layers to study the electrical and optical characteristics of a solar cell which influences the performance. Crosslight-APSYS software tool has been used to design the quantum dot solar cells using ZnO/CdZnO as the photosensitive layer. Bandgap energy, concentration of holes and electrons, current trap occupancy graphs, are obtained form the simulations.