2. Simulation Models of Generating Unit Elements

This chapter deals with different models of synchronous generators and excitation systems operating in a power system. The most important equations describing particular mathematical models are given and the simplifying assumptions are presented. The following generator models are presented in detail: linear RL models of type (3,3), (2,2), (2,1) and (1,0), nonlinear RL model of type (3,3), reduced RL models, GENROU—XT model of a synchronous generator with a cylindrical rotor, GENSAL—XT model of a synchronous generator with a salient pole rotor. Rotor mechanical equations and generator electromagnetic torque equation are given. In this chapter, selected models of excitation systems recommended by the IEEE Committee and the models of electromachine and static excitation systems operating in the Polish PS are also presented. This chapter contains descriptions of the excitation system models, schematic diagrams, state equations, output equations, inequalities describing limiters, initial values of state variables of the analyzed excitation systems. At the end of this chapter, the general model of a generating unit developed by the authors is described. This model was created by appropriate combination of models of: synchronous generator, excitation system, turbine and PSS.