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Erschienen in:
Introduction to the Geography of Small Islands Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Socio-spatial and Globalised Economies

verfasst von : Beate M. W. Ratter

Erschienen in: Geography of Small Islands

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter is concerned with outposts of globalisation from an economic point of view, i.e. the subjectivation of islands and the resulting spatial reorganisation. Using selected examples (the historical sugar trade, the recent financial business and tourism), the chapter highlights how islands have contributed to the global economy and discusses what they have gained in return. Establishing an export-oriented agrarian economy led to comprehensive ecological change and the full-scale reorganisation of society. Connecting to the global financial sector by means of offshore financial centres and tax havens once again changed the organisation of space, as did international tourism which is both a blessing and curse. The problems of delimitation and disadvantageous economies of scale are countered by specific island assets such as favourable locations, connectivity, regional cooperation and also economic particularities in island branding and niche economies.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Geopolitics of Small Islands
Nächstes Kapitel Island Vulnerability and Resilience
Fußnoten
1
The most expensive Greek island currently on offer is Dulichium Island, a private island 540.26 ha in size, located in the Ionian Sea near the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth and part of the Echinades Islands. Its price tag is US$ 44,845,161. The cheapest Greek island currently available is Stroggilo Island, a 21.85 ha island located near the popular island of Marathos, in the Aegean Sea – available for a mere US$ 5,045,081. (http://​www.​privateislandson​line.​com/).
 
2
Ernst F. Schumacher 1989. Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, Harper Perennial. (1st edition 1973)
 
3
Sheila Harden 1985. Small is Dangerous: Micro States in a Macro World, St. Martin’s Press.
 
4
See, e.g. Christopher Columbus ship’s log 1981; B. de las Casas 1951; de Oviedo y Valdés 1851-55; de Acosta 1954.
 
5
Better economies of scale were achieved by greater averages of arable land per farm. These range from 0.4 ha in Mauritius to 75 ha in Australia, 230 ha in Louisiana (USA) and up to 10,000 ha in Brazil (Zick 2005).
 
6
The CARIbbean COMmunity is an economic alliance of 15 Caribbean states, of which six (Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Barbados, Belize and Trinidad and Tobago) produce sugar or did so up until 2005.
 
7
For example, connections between the USA and Antigua were established with the inauguration of jet aircraft service in 1959.
 
8
See also the Global Anti-Golf Movement, founded and largely supported by Asian organisations, on 29 April 1993, the first World No Golf Day in Penang/Malaysia, http://​www.​antigolf.​org/​english.​html
 
9
The term offshore originates from the oil industry where it describes activities that take place in a country’s marine territory. Hampton (1994) defines an offshore financial centre as a ‘center that hosts financial activities that are separated from major regulating units (states) by geography and or by legislation. This may be a physical separation as an island territory, or within a city such as London or the New York International Banking Facilities’. (Hampton and Christensen 2002: 1670)
 
10
Tax havens generally describe those countries that do not tax incomes or businesses at all or below 50%.
 
11
The Royal Bank of Canada opened a branch on the Bahamas in 1909.
 
12
The House of Assembly elections ended with a landslide victory of the opposition People’s Democratic Movement (PDM) led by 45-year-old attorney Sharlene Cartwright Robinson becoming the islands’ first female Premier. She had won seven of the ten constituencies and four of the five at large candidate positions. Michael Misick ran as independent candidate and won 1669 votes (5.57%) but no seat in the new assembly (Charles 2016).
 
13
Australia is using the islands Manus and Nauru as offshore detention centres for unwanted refugees – a highly contentious use of a small, isolated island (see Cohen 2016).
 
14
Bahamas (total pop 324,597, 2016), Nassau 274,400 inhabitants, Freeport 43,167 inhabitants; Maldives (total pop 344,023, 2014), Malé 133,412, Addu City 19,829; Fiji (total pop 895,696, 2007), Suva 167,975, Lautoka 52,220 (Census of Fiji, Bureau of Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics Republic of Maldives, Population and Housing Census 2014).
 
15
An island economy may well show features of all three models. It can also change type over time.
 
16
CARIFESTA, such as sport events, health, education (University of the West Indies).
 
17
Member States of the Pacific Islands Forum: Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.
 
18
Peter Morgan’s novel A High Tide in the Caribbean is a wonderful persiflage of decades of failed integration attempts. Caribbean Communications: St. Michael, Barbados 1990.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Socio-spatial and Globalised Economies
verfasst von
Beate M. W. Ratter
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Buch
Geography of Small Islands

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-63867-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-63869-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63869-0_5