nach oben

Social Indicators Research

Erschienen in:

14.12.2022 | Original Research

Socio-Spatial Cohesion: A Study of Structural, Interactive, and Subjective Dimensions in Mashhad Metropolitan Region, Iran

verfasst von: Yalda Hashemi Ghoochani, Hashem Dadashpoor

Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research | Ausgabe 3/2023

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Today, the population movement and the widespread changes in the demographic structure of the regions challenge socio-spatial cohesion in different areas. Increasing demographic diversity with different identities, lifestyles, and cultures changes the spatial structure. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the spatial settlement patterns, social networks, and the mental components affecting them. The present study investigates socio-spatial cohesion in the Mashhad metropolitan region, Iran using the critical realism paradigm. First-hand data based on structured and semi-structured interviews were analyzed by spatial statistics techniques, social network analysis, and thematic analysis. The results show general segregation and the cluster pattern of ethnicities. In this respect, space can be divided into homogeneous groups based on strong social ties. Forces such as the stereotypes about some ethnic groups, feeling threatened, and the gap between groups have affected the area's space and prevented the establishment of weak ties in the multi-ethnic community of the area. The study of socio-spatial cohesion in this framework shows the role of mental barriers in segregation and gaps between groups. Overall, paying attention to these factors helps understand the challenges of social cohesion in diverse societies.

Vorheriger Artikel The Persistence of the Gender Earnings Gap: Cohort Trends and the Role of Education in Twelve Countries

Nächster Artikel COVID-19 and Social Capital Loss: The Results of a Campus Outbreak

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Xenophobia, or fear of strangers, is a broad term that may be applied to any fear of someone who is different from us.

Moran index: 0.31.

P-value: 1.90.

Z score: 0.050.

The intermarriage index refers to the share of people marrying their ethnic or racial peers. The higher the value of this index, the more isolated the group and the less willingness to communicate closely with other groups.

According to the latest census results, the number of imported immigrants from 2011 to 2016 is 174,262.

This issue cannot be quantified due to the lack of temporal migration data.

According to the 2016 Population and Housing Census, more than 200.000 Afghans live in Mashhad County. But the exact number of illegal immigrant is not available.

According to the 2016 Population and Housing Census, with the elimination of Mashhad city, most of the population (56.6%) is rural.

Ahmadi, D. (2018). Diversity and social cohesion: The case of Jane-Finch, a highly diverse lower-income Toronto neighborhood. Urban Research & Practice, 11(2), 139–158.CrossRef

Ajiang, C., & Guoqing, S. (2006). A social integration study of involuntary migration. Chinese Sociology & Anthropology, 38(3), 5–18.CrossRef

Allport, G. W., Clark, K., & Pettigrew, T. (1954). The nature of prejudice.

Atkinson, R. (2019). Social cohesion. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies, 1–5.

Avenarius, C. B. (2012). Immigrant networks in new urban spaces: Gender and social integration. International Migration, 50(5), 25–55.CrossRef

Balakrishnan, T., Maxim, P., & Jurdi, R. (2005). Residential segregation and socioeconomic integration of visible minorities in Canada. Migration letters, 2(2), 126.

Bolt, G., Burgers, J., & Van Kempen, R. (1998). On the social significance of spatial location; spatial segregation and social inclusion. Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 13(1), 83.CrossRef

Botterman, S., Hooghe, M., & Reeskens, T. (2012). ‘One Size Fits All’? An empirical study into the multidimensionality of social cohesion indicators in Belgian local communities. Urban Studies, 49(1), 185–202.CrossRef

Bottoni, G. (2018). A multilevel measurement model of social cohesion. Social Indicators Research, 136(3), 835–857.CrossRef

Cassiers, T., & Kesteloot, C. (2012). Socio-spatial inequalities and social cohesion in European cities. Urban Studies, 49(9), 1909–1924.CrossRef

Cheong, P. H., Edwards, R., Goulbourne, H., & Solomos, J. (2007). Immigration, social cohesion and social capital: A critical review. Critical Social Policy, 27(1), 24–49.CrossRef

COUNCIL, O. E. (2008). Toward an active, fair and socially cohesive Europe. Report of a high level task force on social cohesion.

Cortese, C., Haase, A., Grossmann, K., & Ticha, I. (2014). Governing social cohesion in shrinking cities: The cases of Ostrava Genoa and Leipzig. European Planning Studies, 22(10), 2050–2066.CrossRef

Dadashpoor, H., & Ahani, S. (2021). Explaining objective forces, driving forces, and causal mechanisms affecting the formation and expansion of the peri-urban areas: A critical realism approach. Land Use Policy, 102, 105232.CrossRef

Dadashpoor, H., & Ghazaie, M. (2019). Exploring the consequences of segregation through residents’ experiences: Evidence of a neighborhood in the Tehran metropolis. Cities, 95, 102391.CrossRef

Dadashpoor, H., Jahanzad, N., & Jalili, H. (2016). Analysis and forecasting of the integrated spatial structure in mashhad metropolitan region in the period 1996–2041. Motaleate Shahri, 5(18), 51–62. Retrieved from https://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_32060_7db614437165c201b5c0de7052ba275f.pdf

Dmowska, A., & Stepinski, T. F. (2016). Mapping changes in spatial patterns of racial diversity across the entire United States with application to a 1990–2000 period. Applied Geography, 68, 1–8.CrossRef

Dukes, T., & Musterd, S. (2012). Toward social cohesion: Bridging national integration rhetoric and local practice: The case of the Netherlands. Urban Studies, 49(9), 1981–1997.CrossRef

Farnhad consulting engineers (2006).Comprehensive development plan for Mashhad region.

Farrell, C. R. (2008). Bifurcation, fragmentation or integration? The racial and geographical structure of US metropolitan segregation, 1990–2000. Urban Studies, 45(3), 467–499.CrossRef

Fletcher, A. J. (2017). Applying critical realism in qualitative research: Methodology meets method. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(2), 181–194.CrossRef

Friedkin, N. (1980). A test of structural features of Granovetter’s strength of weak ties theory. Social Networks, 2(4), 411–422.CrossRef

Friedkin, N. E. (2004). Social cohesion. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 409–425.CrossRef

Ghasemi, M., Omidvar, N., Ashore, E., & Nasimi, Z. (2017). A Comparative Study on the Quality of Life During the Migration of Rural Communities Toward Suburban Villages (Case Study: Tabadkan Dehestan in Mashhad County). Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 15(1), 123–149. https://doi.org/10.22067/geography.v15i1.45665CrossRef

Ghazaie, M., Rafieian, M., & Dadashpoor, H. (2020). Exploring the socio-spatial patterns of diversity and its influencing factors at a metropolitan scale. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 13(3), 325–356.

Ghazaie, M., Rafieian, M., & Dadashpoor, H. (2022). Making the invisible segregation of diverse neighbourhoods visible. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 37(1), 459–482.CrossRef

Gijsberts, M., & Dagevos, J. (2007). The socio-cultural integration of ethnic minorities in the Netherlands: Identifying neighborhood effects on multiple integration outcomes. Housing Studies, 22(5), 805–831.CrossRef

Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380.CrossRef

Havekes, E., Coenders, M., & Van der Lippe, T. (2014). The wish to leave ethnically concentrated neighborhoods: The role of perceived social cohesion and interethnic attitudes. Housing Studies, 29(6), 823–842.CrossRef

Hewstone, M. (2015). Consequences of diversity for social cohesion and prejudice: The missing dimension of intergroup contact. Journal of Social Issues, 71(2), 417–438.CrossRef

Houghton, D. P. (2014). Political psychology: situations, individuals, and cases. Routledge.CrossRef

Javan, J. F., Shayan, H., Noghani, M., & Ghasemi, M. (2011). The stability of population in rural habitations of mashhad, with a focus on diversification approach to economic activities. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.22067/geography.v9i16.11032

Kauff, M., Beneda, M., Paolini, S., Bilewicz, M., Kotzur, P., O’Donnell, A. W., Stevenson, C., Wagner, U., & Christ, O. (2021). How do we get people into contact? Predictors of intergroup contact and drivers of contact seeking. Journal of Social Issues, 77(1), 38–63.CrossRef

Kearns, A., & Forrest, R. (2000). Social cohesion and multilevel urban governance. Urban Studies, 37(5–6), 995–1017.CrossRef

Kearns, A., & Whitley, E. (2015). Getting there? The effects of functional factors, time and place on the social integration of migrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(13), 2105–2129.CrossRef

Koramaz, E. K. (2014). The spatial context of social integration. Social Indicators Research, 119(1), 49–71.CrossRef

Krysan, M. (2002). Whites who say they’d flee: Who are they, and why would they leave? Demography, 39(4), 675–696.CrossRef

Langer, A., Stewart, F., Smedts, K., & Demarest, L. (2017). Conceptualizing and measuring social cohesion in Africa: Toward a perception-based index. Social Indicators Research, 131(1), 321–343.CrossRef

Lemanski, C. (2006). The impact of residential desegregation on social integration: Evidence from a South African neighborhood. Geoforum, 37(3), 417–435.CrossRef

Martínez-Martínez, O. A., Rodríguez-Brito, A., & Ramírez-López, A. (2021). The structure of social cohesion: An analysis of its levels and dimensions in Mexico city 1. Sociological Forum, 36(1), 159–180.CrossRef

Martori, J. C., & Apparicio, P. (2011). Changes in spatial patterns of the immigrant population of a southern European metropolis: The case of the Barcelona metropolitan region (2001–2008). Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 102(5), 562–581.CrossRef

McDoom, O. S. (2019). Ethnic inequality, cultural distance, and social integration: evidence from a native-settler conflict in the Philippines. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(9), 1532–1552.CrossRef

Mohammad Poor, A., Alizadeh, M., & Rezayee, M. (2025). Critical realism: Philosophical origin and methodological principles. Journal of Islam and Social Sciences, 3(5), 79–106.

Murdie, R., & Ghosh, S. (2010). Does spatial concentration always mean a lack of integration? Exploring ethnic concentration and integration in Toronto. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(2), 293–311.CrossRef

Naveed, A., & Wang, C. (2021). Can attitudes toward immigrants explain social integration in Europe? EU versus non-EU migrant. Social Indicators Research, 153(1), 345–383.CrossRef

Olzak, S. (1994). The dynamics of ethnic competition and conflict. Stanford University Press.

Park, R. E. (1950). Race and culture.

Putnam, R. D. (2007). E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and community in the twenty-first century the 2006 Johan Skytte prize lecture. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), 137–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.xCrossRef

Schmeets, H. (2012). Social Cohesion: an integrated empirical approach. Contemporary theoretical perspectives on the study of social cohesion and social capital, 127.

Sharples, R., & Colic-Peisker, V. (2022). Social cohesion revisited: Policy and practice in migrant concentration areas of Sydney and Melbourne. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 57(1), 215–232.CrossRef

Shayan, H. (1970). The system of rural service rating in the Mashhad metropolitan region (the second metropolis of Iran). WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 84.

Skop, E., & Li, W. (2005). Asians in America’s suburbs: Patterns and consequences of settlement. Geographical Review, 95(2), 167–188.CrossRef

Statistical Center of Iran (2016). National census of population and housing, Tehran.

Van Kempen, R., & Bolt, G. (2009). Social cohesion, social mix, and urban policies in the Netherlands. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 24(4), 457.CrossRef

van Staveren, I., & Pervaiz, Z. (2017). Is it ethnic fractionalization or social exclusion, which affects social cohesion? Social Indicators Research, 130(2), 711–731.CrossRef

Vervoort, M., & Dagevos, J. (2011). The social integration of ethnic minorities: An explanation of the trend in ethnic minorities’ social contacts with natives in the Netherlands, 1998–2006. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(4), 619–635.CrossRef

Vervoort, M., Flap, H., & Dagevos, J. (2010). The ethnic composition of the neighborhood and ethnic minorities’ social contacts: Three unresolved issues. European Sociological Review, 27(5), 586–605.CrossRef

Vervoort, M., Flap, H., & Dagevos, J. (2011). The ethnic composition of the neighborhood and ethnic minorities’ social contacts: Three unresolved issues. European Sociological Review, 27(5), 586–605.CrossRef

Vossughi, F. (2016). Investigation citizen attitudes on foreign immigrants resident in Mashhad. Geographical Researches, 31(2), 4–18.

Wickes, R., Zahnow, R., White, G., & Mazerolle, L. (2014). Ethnic diversity and its impact on community social cohesion and neighborly exchange. Journal of Urban Affairs, 36(1), 51–78.CrossRef

Witten, K., McCreanor, T., & Kearns, R. (2003). The place of a neighborhood in social cohesion: Insights from Massey West Auckland. Urban Policy and Research, 21(4), 321–338.CrossRef

Yue, Z., Li, S., Jin, X., & Feldman, M. W. (2013). The role of social networks in the integration of Chinese rural-urban migrants: A migrant–resident tie perspective. Urban Studies, 50(9), 1704–1723.CrossRef

Zisakou, A., & Figgou, L. (2021). Space, time, and urban citizenship: Reconsidering migrant integration in critical social psychological research. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 15(4), e12587.CrossRef

Titel: Socio-Spatial Cohesion: A Study of Structural, Interactive, and Subjective Dimensions in Mashhad Metropolitan Region, Iran
verfasst von: Yalda Hashemi Ghoochani
Hashem Dadashpoor
Publikationsdatum: 14.12.2022
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research / Ausgabe 3/2023
Print ISSN: 0303-8300
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0921
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-03032-2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2023

Nature-Connectedness and Well-Being Experienced During Best and Worst Times of Life: A Case for Safeguarding Biocultural Diversity

The Cost and Benefit of Regional Cultural Diversity on the Income of Rural Workers: Evidence from China

Inclusive Education and Health Performance in Sub Saharan Africa

Sub-State Identity Conception: Applying ISSP Measures at Territorial Autonomy Level

Multidimensional Inequality and Subjective Well-Being in China: A Generalized Ordered Logit Model Analysis

Multidimensional Deprivation and Subgroup Heterogeneity of Rural Households in China: Empirical Evidence from Latent Variable Estimation Methods

Premium Partner