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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Soil Erosion Modeling

verfasst von : Anna Petrasova, Brendan Harmon, Vaclav Petras, Payam Tabrizian, Helena Mitasova

Erschienen in: Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Overland water flow can detach exposed soil and transport it over large distances, leading to soil loss and sediment deposition across landscape. Soil erosion can be effectively controlled by modifying topography to reduce concentrated overland flow or by planting vegetation to reduce soil detachment and transport. We used Tangible Landscape to analyze distribution of soil erosion and deposition potential in a small watershed and to design conservation measures by changing topography and planting vegetation in vulnerable locations. We iteratively adjusted and optimized our design based on real-time feedback from erosion and deposition maps projected over the modified 3D model. This feedback helped us to evaluate the effectiveness of our designs and develop better solutions.

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Fußnoten
1
For a general case when m, n and resolution are not set to 1 see the erosion modeling tutorial: https://​ncsu-geoforall-lab.​github.​io/​erosion-modeling-tutorial/​grassgis.​html.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Jetten, V., Govers, G., & Hessel, R. (2003). Erosion models: Quality of spatial predictions. Hydrological Processes, 17(5), 887–900. Jetten, V., Govers, G., & Hessel, R. (2003). Erosion models: Quality of spatial predictions. Hydrological Processes, 17(5), 887–900.
Zurück zum Zitat McLaughlin, R. A., Rajbhandari, N., Hunt, W. F., Line, D. E., Sheffield, R. E., & White, N. M. (2001). The sediment and erosion control research and education facility at North Carolina State University. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Soil Erosion Research for the 21st Century, Honolulu, HI, USA, 3–5 January 2001 (pp. 40–41). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. McLaughlin, R. A., Rajbhandari, N., Hunt, W. F., Line, D. E., Sheffield, R. E., & White, N. M. (2001). The sediment and erosion control research and education facility at North Carolina State University. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Soil Erosion Research for the 21st Century, Honolulu, HI, USA, 3–5 January 2001 (pp. 40–41). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitasova, H., Hofierka, J., Harmon, R., Barton, M., & Ullah, I. (2013). GIS-based soil erosion modeling. In J. Shroder & M. Bishop (Eds.), Treatise on geomorphology, remote sensing and GIScience in geomorphology (Vol. 3, pp. 228–258). San Diego: Academic. Mitasova, H., Hofierka, J., Harmon, R., Barton, M., & Ullah, I. (2013). GIS-based soil erosion modeling. In J. Shroder & M. Bishop (Eds.), Treatise on geomorphology, remote sensing and GIScience in geomorphology (Vol. 3, pp. 228–258). San Diego: Academic.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore, I. D., & Burch, G. J. (1986). Physical basis of the length-slope factor in the universal soil loss equation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50, 1294–1298. Moore, I. D., & Burch, G. J. (1986). Physical basis of the length-slope factor in the universal soil loss equation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50, 1294–1298.
Zurück zum Zitat Wischmeier, W., & Smith, D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning [USA]. Agriculture handbook - United States. Department of Agriculture. (USA). Washington: United States Department of Agriculture. Wischmeier, W., & Smith, D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning [USA]. Agriculture handbook - United States. Department of Agriculture. (USA). Washington: United States Department of Agriculture.
Metadaten
Titel
Soil Erosion Modeling
verfasst von
Anna Petrasova
Brendan Harmon
Vaclav Petras
Payam Tabrizian
Helena Mitasova
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89303-7_8

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