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Erschienen in:
Introduction: Rural Labor Dynamics and Mobility in Times of Deepening Structural Transformation Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Structural Transformation and Alternative Pathways to the Lewis Turning Point

verfasst von : Rizwanul Islam

Erschienen in: Rural Labour Mobility in Times of Structural Transformation

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

This chapter examines the nature of economic development in Asian economics within the framework of the “Lewis turning point” and the related theoretical explanations of structural transformation. While the evidence shows that some of the Southeast and East Asian economics have passed through or are moving toward the “Lewis turning point”, the South Asian experience, analyzed with particular reference to Bangladesh, seems to be somewhat different. On the one hand, manufacturing industries have not acted as the engine of growth and employment in the same way as in Southeast and East Asian countries. On the other hand, growth of the service sector has not been associated with healthy growth in employment. Moreover, increase in the share of rural non-farm employment and growing rural-urban migration have not yet emerged as major sources of absorbing surplus labor so as to be considered as drivers of alternative pathways to structural transformation.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Introduction: Rural Labor Dynamics and Mobility in Times of Deepening Structural Transformation
Nächstes Kapitel Labor and Employment in the Emerging Rural-Urban Continuum in India: Toward a Cohesive Policy
Fußnoten
1
See Islam (2008) for analysis of the experience of Asian countries with regard to attaining the Lewis turning point.
 
2
In the context of India, Dasgupta and Singh (2005) explore this possibility.
 
3
These figures are from Papola (2006).
 
4
These figures have been calculated from data presented in Islam (2014).
 
5
These figures have been calculated by using data from the World Bank: World Development Indicators (various years).
 
6
The indices are based on real wages of unskilled workers in various sectors.
 
7
Another point to note in this regard is that the difference between industrial and agricultural wage has not increased over time. On this, see Rahman (2012), Table 7.9.3, p. 161.
 
8
The observed figures may reflect differences in inclusion and exclusion from the labor force. In 2005–06, many more rural women who work for short periods (especially as unpaid workers) may have been included in members of the labor force and that may have pushed female underemployment rate to a very high level. In 2010, the opposite may have happened. The manner in which responses regarding female employment are recorded in the questionnaires can have implications for the results.
 
9
Islam and Islam (2015) review and assess a few illustrations of economic activities outside the conventional manufacturing sector that are playing an important role in the structural transformation of the respective countries.
 
10
For interesting anecdotal accounts of such development, see Hossain and Bayes (2015).
 
11
In the labor force surveys, wage data are collected for the reference week although the questionnaire does ask whether wages are paid on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.
 
12
The labor force surveys contain a question on monthly income of the self-employed. So the figures seem to represent the incomes stated by the respondents.
 
Literatur
Clark, C. (1951). The Conditions of Economic Progress. London: Macmillan.
Dasgupta, S., & Singh, A. (2005). Will Services Be the New Engine of Indian Economic Growth? Development and Change, 36(6), 1035–1057.CrossRef
Fisher, A. G. B. (1939). Production: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. The Economic Journal, XV, 24–38.
Fisher, A. G. B. (1946). Tertiary Production as a Post-war International Economic Problem. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 28, 146–151.CrossRef
Hossain, M., & Bayes, A. (2015). Bish Geramer Galpo (in Bengali: Stories of Twenty Villages). Dhaka: The University Press Limited.
Islam, R. (2008). Has Development and Employment through Labor-Intensive Industrialization Become History? In K. Basu & R. Kanbur (Eds.), Arguments for a Better World: Essays in Honour of Amartya Sen. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Islam, R. (2014). The Employment Challenge Faced by Bangladesh: How Far is the Lewis Turning Point? The Indian Journal of Labor Economics, 57(2), 201–225.
Islam, R., & Islam, I. (2015). Employment and Inclusive Development. London: Routledge.
Kaldor, N. (1966). Causes of Slow Growth in the United Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kaldor, N. (1967). Strategic Factors in Economic Development. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Kuznets, S. (1966). Modern Economic Growth: Rate, Structure and Speed. New Delhi: Oxford University Press/IBH Publishing House.
Kuznets, S. (1971). Economic Growth of Nations: Total Output and Production Structure. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRef
Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor (Vol. 22). Manchester: Manchester School.
Papola, T. S. (2006). Emerging Structure of Indian Economy: Implications of Growing Intersectoral Imbalances. The Indian Economic Journal, 54(1), 5–25.CrossRef
Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh. (2011). Bangladesh Sixth Five Year Plan FY 2011-FY2015: Accelerating Growth and Reducing Poverty. Part 1: Strategic Directions and Policy Framework. Dhaka: Planning Commission.
Rahman, R. I. (2012). Bangladesher Arthaneeti O Unnayan: Swadhinotar Por 40 Bachhar (in Bengali). Dhaka: Sahitya Prakash.
Ranis, G., & Fei, J. (1961). A Theory of Economic Development. American Economic Review, 51, 533–565.
Metadaten
Titel
Structural Transformation and Alternative Pathways to the Lewis Turning Point
verfasst von
Rizwanul Islam
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Buch
Rural Labour Mobility in Times of Structural Transformation

Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5627-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-5628-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5628-4_2

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