1 Introduction
2 Experimental
S. no. | Glass composition | Glass Code | Tg (\(^\circ {\text{C}}\)) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 5BaO–25TeO2–35Bi2O3–33B2O3–2V2O5 | BTBiBV-1 | 426 |
2 | 10BaO–20TeO2–35Bi2O3–33B2O3–2V2O5 | BTBiBV-2 | 418 |
3 | 15BaO–15TeO2–35Bi2O3–33B2O3–2V2O5 | BTBiBV-3 | 427 |
4 | 20BaO–10TeO2–35Bi2O3–33B2O3–2V2O5 | BTBiBV-4 | 426 |
5 | 25BaO–5TeO2–35Bi2O3–33B2O3–2V2O5 | BTBiBV-5 | 424 |
3 Results and discussion
3.1 XRD
3.2 Physical studies
Physical parameters | Glass code | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BTBiBV-1 | BTBiBV-2 | BTBiBV-3 | BTBiBV-4 | BTBiBV-5 | |
Density (g/cc) | 5.63 | 5.78 | 6.23 | 6.53 | 6.59 |
Molar volume (cc/mol) | 45.31 | 44.08 | 40.85 | 38.92 | 38.52 |
OPD (g atm/l) | 59.37 | 59.89 | 63.41 | 65.26 | 64.64 |
B–B bond length (Å) | 3.83 | 3.79 | 3.70 | 3.64 | 3.63 |
Bi–Bi bond length (Å) | 3.87 | 3.83 | 3.74 | 3.68 | 3.66 |
Opticalbasicity | 0.455 | 0.469 | 0.484 | 0.498 | 0.513 |
Interaction parameter | 0.150 | 0.148 | 0.147 | 0.145 | 0.144 |
Ion concentration(1022/cc) | 2.66 | 2.73 | 2.95 | 3.09 | 3.13 |
Inter ionic distance (Å) | 3.35 | 3.32 | 3.24 | 3.19 | 3.17 |
Polaron radius (Å) | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.31 | 1.29 | 1.28 |
Field strength (1022/cm2) | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.17 | 1.21 | 1.22 |
3.3 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
3.4 Optical studies
Optical parameters | Glass code | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BTBiBV-1 | BTBiBV-2 | BTBiBV-3 | BTBiBV-4 | BTBiBV-5 | |
Eopt (eV) | 2.57 | 2.54 | 2.51 | 2.46 | 2.39 |
Urbach energy (eV) | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
Refractive index | 2.52 | 2.53 | 2.54 | 2.56 | 2.58 |
Dielectric constant | 6.37 | 6.42 | 6.47 | 6.55 | 6.68 |
Reflection loss | 0.187 | 0.188 | 0.190 | 0.192 | 0.195 |
Molar refractivity (cm)−3 | 29.07 | 28.37 | 26.38 | 25.27 | 25.20 |
Electronic polarizability(Å3) | 5.76 | 5.62 | 5.23 | 5.01 | 5.00 |
Metallization criteria | 0.358 | 0.356 | 0.354 | 0.351 | 0.346 |
3.5 FTIR spectra
BTBiBV-1 | BTBiBV-2 | BTBiBV-3 | BTBiBV-4 | BTBiBV-5 | Band assignment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
435 | 426 | 441 | 413 | 405 | Vibration of metal cations (Ba2+) or Bi-O bond in BiO6 polyhedra |
– | 483 | 472 | 460 | 506 | Bi-O in BiO6 octahedral unit |
633,532 | 538 | 546 | 522 | 522 | B-O-B bonds bending vibrations |
728 | 692 | 688 | 695 | 690 | TeO3 (tp) trigonal pyramidal units |
848 | 895 | 848 | 874 | 873 | Vibration of tri, penta and diborate groups of BO4 units |
946 | 948 | 950 | 972 | 978 | Stretching vibrations of B–O–Te, B-O-Bi linkages |
1054 | 1031 | 1050 | 1025 | 1024 | B-O stretching vibrations of tetra hedral BO4groups |
1176 | 1187 | 1173 | 1194 | 1188 | B-O-B vibrations of the varied types BO3 groups |
1280 | 1262 | 1263 | 1293 | 1215 | Stretching vibrations of B-O in BO3 units |
1384 | 1334 | 1360 | 1341 | 1321 | B–O stretching vibrations in BO3 units |
BTBiBV-1 | BTBiBV-2 | BTBiBV-3 | BTBiBV-4 | BTBiBV-5 | Band assignment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
60 | 63 | 62 | 67 | 67 | β-TeO2 |
110 | 114 | 114 | 112 | 114 | Vibration of Bi–O bond in BiO6 polyhedra or Ba2+ vibrations |
456 | 465 | 466 | 469 | 471 | Stretching vibrations of Te–O–Te bonds in TeO4 units |
658 | 665 | 666 | 673 | 684 | Asymmetrical stretching of Te–O–Te between TeO4tbp |
770 | 769 | 770 | 774 | 773 | Bending vibration of Te–O along with Ti atoms in TiO4/TiO6 |
803 | 801 | 801 | – | 804 | Boroxol ring |
931 | 934 | 927 | 906 | 926 | Ortho-borate groups |
1232 | 1244 | 1263 | 1285 | 1270 | BO3 triangular units linked to BO4 units |
1637 | 1625 | 1630 | 1612 | 1627 | Stretching vibrations of BO3 triangles |