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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Systematic Review of the Literature of Factors Affecting the Exposure and the Levels of Lead in Human Breast Milk

verfasst von : Abha Cherkani-Hassani, Imane Ghanname, Aida Maria Benitez-Rexach, Nezha Mouane

Erschienen in: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 252

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Human milk may sometimes contain chemical contaminants, which could have adverse effects on neonates or nursing infants. Lead (Pb) is of considerable interest due to its toxicity and occurrence. Furthermore, it has been suggested that human milk is a significant potential source of lead exposure to nursing infants. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify relevant studies, published in English until 2017, that investigated and explored common factors affecting the level of lead in human milk among lactating women around the world. Forty-nine papers were rated and explored the effect of one or several factors on the level of lead in human milk from 28 countries and carried out over a wide time frame from 1983 to 2017 and through Europe, Asia, America, and Africa, reviewing more than 5,000 subjects. Place of residence, maternal age, stage of lactation, smoking habits, maternal dietary intakes, and parity were the mostly assessed factors among the studies and considered as the main factors affecting Pb levels in BM. Other factors were not studied well enough and considered minor because few surveys evaluated their impacts. However, the literature findings are very controversial.

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Titel: Systematic Review of the Literature of Factors Affecting the Exposure and the Levels of Lead in Human Breast Milk
verfasst von: Abha Cherkani-Hassani
Imane Ghanname
Aida Maria Benitez-Rexach
Nezha Mouane
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 252
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-30991-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-30992-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2019_32