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2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. Systems Theory, Theory of Chaos, Emergence

verfasst von : Andrzej Piotr Wierzbicki

Erschienen in: Technen: Elements of Recent History of Information Technologies with Epistemological Conclusions

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter has a specific, dual character. Firstly, it presents only selected elements of the history of systems theory and systems technology, or more generally, systems research. Secondly, it focuses on one aspect of systems research, namely on chaos theory and the phenomenon of emergence.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Digital Computers, Transistors and Integrated Circuits

Nächstes Kapitel Informational Revolution: Personal Computers and the Internet

I have shown earlier in Chap. 5 on the rational evolutionary theory of intuition that all knowledge is based on intuitive elements, hence also the systems theory must use intuition, especially in relation to holistic approaches and the phenomenon of synergy.

It should be recalled here that the first scientific journal which used the word system in its title was a technical telecommunications journal, Bell System Technical Journal, issued since 1923.

Even if von Neumann, who was a probabilist, censured this idea as “sinful”.

Before him, many others achieved similar results, using analog computers—myself in 1960 in Darmstadt, Yoshisuke Ueda in 1961 in Japan (see Abraham and Ueda 2001)—but we did not publish them sufficiently soon and we did not dare to call them deterministic chaos.

Some authors—see e.g. (Kotyński 2000)—ascribe the authorship of deterministic chaos theory to Mandelbrot. However, in his very important work (1963) Benoît Mandelbrot described fractal phenomena without calling them deterministic chaos; he provided such an interpretation later, while Edward Lorenz (1963) was the first to use the term deterministic chaos. In a similar fashion I could say that my work on technical applications of chaotic behaviour preceded both the work of Lorenz and of Mandelbrot, but I must fairly admit that it would be only a delayed interpretation: in 1960, I did not use the concept of deterministic chaos and strange attractors—which I observed in experiments with an analog computer—I treated them only as a method to generate nice pictures with a computer. See also (Gleick 1987).

Actually, such a characteristics occurs in real systems both at the input and in the feedback loop, thus the system presented in Fig. 10.2 is a simplification, but equivalent to the real one concerning the properties of the closed-loop system.

Recall that the transfer function of a linear dynamic element is the ratio of Laplace (or Fourier, in the case of spectral transfer function) transforms of its output and input signals, with zero initial conditions. If the output signal is an integral of the input signal, the transfer function is 1/s.

Experienced specialists in computational engineering know this and select appropriate criteria stopping the computational process, because an inadequacy of several quanta of digital representation is usually immaterial.

We discovered this mechanism together with Yuri Ermoliev, an eminent probabilist from Kiev, when we listened to a lecture by Ilia Prigogine and tried to simplify his rather complex arguments.

Example: it is sufficient to assume that the largest probability always increases by an amount that is greater than a given part of its distance to 1.

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Titel: Systems Theory, Theory of Chaos, Emergence
verfasst von: Andrzej Piotr Wierzbicki
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Technen: Elements of Recent History of Information Technologies with Epistemological Conclusions
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09032-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-09033-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09033-7_10

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