nach oben

The Annals of Regional Science

Erschienen in:

01.03.2006 | Original Paper

Technological activity and productivity in the Spanish regions

verfasst von: Mercedes Gumbau-Albert, Joaquín Maudos

Erschienen in: The Annals of Regional Science | Ausgabe 1/2006

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

This paper analyses the importance of technological activities in explaining the differences in productivity among Spanish regions in the period 1986–1996. It quantifies the effect of the regions’ own technological innovation, and the externalities associated with technological capital, on regional development. The analysis is based on the estimation of production functions and an equation explaining total factor productivity. Although a positive significant effect is obtained at national level on a long-term horizon, the significance of the effect of technological activities on the productivity of the Spanish regions in the period 1987–1996 depends on the indicator used. However, the technological spillover effects between regions are always highly significant regardless of the indicator used.

Vorheriger Artikel Examining the location factors of R&D labor in the regions of Greece

Nächster Artikel A time series analysis of U.S. metropolitan and non-metropolitan income divergence

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

See Diewert (1976), Jorgenson and Nishimizu (1978), Christensen et al. (1981), Hulten and Schwab (1993).

See Hulten and Schwab (1993)

However, in empirical applications the results are not usually sensitive to the rate of depreciation used.

See Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1992).

The INE does not offer the R&D expenditure of PNPIs for every year.

See the studies by Beneito (2001), Grandon and Rodríguez (1991) for the industrial sector, and Fernández and Polo (1997) and Crespo and Velázquez (1999) for the aggregate of the economy.

The INE has provided aggregate information at national level on R&D expenditure since 1964, except for the years 1965, 1966, 1968 and 1977. In these four years, the information has been estimated by interpolation.

The sources of information used are the INE’s National Accounts for production and the estimations by Fundación Bancaja (based in turn on the EPA) for employment and human capital.

Both these results and those next offered at regional level are estimated imposing the hypothesis of constant returns to scale, since it is not possible to reject this hypothesis. The results are available to interested readers.

The results obtained reveal that the analysis of the importance of technological activities in the explanation of productivity gains of the Spanish regions is sensitive to the technological change indicator used (R&D versus patents). In order to explain more in depth this result, it is interesting to carry out a principal components analysis of the two indicators with the purpose of including a single factor in the regression (we are thankful to one of the referees for this suggestion). The results show that the combination factor of the two variables of technological activity has no significant effect on productivity. However, the spillovers effects have a positive and statistically significant effect when the proxy variable of the spillovers effects is built using the distance between regions as a weight factor.

See in De la Fuente (2002) an analysis of the sources of convergence across the Spanish regions over the period 1964–1991.

The results remain the same when using employment (L) as a variable of reference for technological activities (denominator in expression 19) instead of GVA. Also, introducing the initial human capital as an explanatory variable of the labour productivity growth rate is not significant.

Aghion P, Howitt P (1992) A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica 60(2):323–351CrossRef

Audretsch D, Feldman M (1996) R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production. Am Econ Rev 86:641–652

Barrio-Castro T, Lopez-Bazo E, Serrano G (2001) Comercio, difusión tecnológica y capital humano. Una relación de largo plazo? Mimeo

Barrio-Castro T, Lopez-Bazo E, Serrano G (2002) New evidence on international R&D spillovers, human capital and productivity in the OECD. Econ Lett 77(1):41–45CrossRef

Barro R (1998) Notes on growth accounting. Working Paper No. 6654 National Bureau of Economic Research

Barro J, Sala-i-Martin X (1992) Convergence. J Polit Econ 100:223–251CrossRef

Beneito P (2001) R&D productivity and spillovers at the firm level: evidence from Spanish panel data. Investig Econ XXV(2):289–313

Berstein J, Mohen J (1994) International R&D spillovers between U.S. and Japanese R&D intensive sectors, Working Paper No. 4682 National Bureau of Economic Research

Bottazzi L, Peri G (2003) Innovation and spillovers in regions: evidence from European patent data. Eur Econ Rev 47(4):687–710CrossRef

Branstetter L (1996) Are knowledge spillovers international or intranational in scope? Microeconometric evidence from the U.S. and Japan Working Paper No. 5800 National Bureau of Economic Research

Branstetter L (2001) Are knowledge spillovers international or intranational in scope? Microeconometric evidence from the U.S. and Japan. J Int Econ 53:53–79CrossRef

Brugger EA, Stuckey B (1987) Regional economic structure and innovative behaviour in Switzerland. Reg Stud 21:241–254CrossRef

Christensen R, Cummings C, Jorgenson W (1981) Relative productivity levels. Eur Econ Rev 16:61–94CrossRef

Ciciotti E, Alderman N, Thwaites A (1983) La diffusione regionale delle innovazioni in Italia: il caso delle macchine utensilli a controllo numerico IV AISRE Conference, Firenze, Nov

Ciccone A (2000) Agglomeration effects in Europe. Eur Econ Rev 46(2):213–227CrossRef

Coe D, Helpman E (1995) International R&D spillovers. Eur Econ Rev 39:859–887CrossRef

Cohen W, Levinthal D (1989) Innovation and learning: the two faces of R&D implications for the analysis of the R&D investment. Econ J 99:569–596CrossRef

Conley T, Flier F, Tsiang G (1999) Local market human capital and the spatial distribution of productivity in Malasya. Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois

Crespo J, Velázquez FJ (1999) Existen diferencias internacionales en la eficiencia del gasto en I+D? Pap de Econ Esp 81:104–114

De la Fuente A (2002) On the sources of convergence: a close look at the Spanish regions. Eur Econ Rev 46:569–599CrossRef

Denny M, Fuss MA, May JD (1981) Intertemporal changes in regional productivity in Canadian manufacturing. Can J Econ 14:390–408CrossRef

Diewert WA (1976) Exact and superlative index numbers. J Econ 4 (May):115–145CrossRef

Dorwick S, Neguyen D (1989) OCDE comparative economic growth 1950–85: catch-up and convergence. Am Econ Rev 79:1010–1030

Eaton J, Kortum S (1999) International technology diffusion: theory and measurement. Int Econ Rev 40(3):537–570CrossRef

Engelbretcht HJ (1997) International R&D spillovers, human capital and productivity in OECD economies: an empirical investigation. Eur Econ Rev 41:1479–1488CrossRef

Fagerberg J, Verspagen B (1996) Heading for divergence? Regional growth in Europe reconsidered. J Common Mark Stud 34(3):431–448CrossRef

Fagerberg J, Verspagen B, Caniels M (1997) Technology, growth and unemployment across European regions. Reg Stud 31(5):457–466CrossRef

Fernández M, Polo C (1997) La productividad del capital público en presencia de capital tecnológico. Mimeo

Fisher M, Frohlich J, Gassler H (1994) An exploration into the determinants of patent activities: some empirical evidence for Austria. Reg Stud 28:1–12CrossRef

Geroski P (1994) Market structure, corporate performance and innovative activity. Clarendon, Oxford

Glaeser E, Kallal H, Scheinkman J, Schleifer A (1992) Growth of cities. J Polit Econ 100:1126–1152CrossRef

Grandon V, Rodríguez L (1991) Capital tecnológico e incrementos de productividad en la industria española Working Paper 91–01, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Griliches Z (1994) Productivity, R&D and the data constraint. Am Econ Rev 84(1):1–23

Griffith R, Redding S, van Reenen J (2000) R&D and absorptive capacity: from theory to data. WP 01/03, Institute for Fiscal Studies

Grossman G, Helpman E (1991) Innovation and growth in the global economy. MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Grossman G, Helpman E (1994) Protection for sale. Am Econ Rev 84:833–850

Gumbau M (1994) Los determinantes de la innovación: el papel del tamaño de la empresa. Inf Comerc Esp 726:117–127

Hall B (1988) L’effet des depenses en R&D sur la productivité du travail au Quebec. Acutalité Economique 64(3)

Hall B, Maraisse J (1992) Exploring the relationship between R&D and productivity in French manufacturing firms. Working Paper No. 3956 National Bureau of Economic Research

Helpman E (1997) R&D and Productivity: the international connection. Working Paper No. 6101, National Bureau of Economic Research

Hulten CR, Schwab RM (1993) Endogenous growth, public capital, and the convergence of regional manufacturing industries. Working Paper No. 4538, National Bureau of Economic Research

Jaffe A (1986) Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D. Am Econ Rev 76:984–1001

Jaffe A, Trajtenberg M, Henderson R (1993) Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citation. Q J Econ 108(3):577–598CrossRef

Jones C (1995) R&D based models of economic growth. J Polit Econ 103(4):759–784CrossRef

Jorgenson DW, Nishimizu M (1978) USA and Japanese economic growth 1952–1974: an international comparison. Econ J 88:707–726CrossRef

Kamien M, Schwartz N (1982) Market structure and innovation. Cambridge University Press

Keller W (2000) Trade and the transmission of technology. J Econ Growth 7:5–24CrossRef

Keller W (2001) International technology diffusion. Working Paper No. 8573 National Bureau of Economic Research

Keller W (2002) Geographic localization of international technology diffusion. Am Econ Rev 92(1):120–142CrossRef

Lach S (1995) Patents and productivity growth at the industry level: a first look. Econ Lett 49(1):11–18

Lichtenberg F (1992) R&D investment and international productivity differences. Working Paper No. 4161, National Bureau of Economic Research

Martín C, Moreno L, Rodríguez L (1991) Estimación de la distribución regional de las actividades de I+D. Documento de Trabajo N° 71/1991. FIES

Mas M, Pérez F, Uriel E, Serrano L (1995) Series históricas de capital humano: 1964–1992. Fundación Bancaja, Valencia

Oakey RP (1984) High technology small firms. In: Frances Pinter (ed) London

Oakey RP (1985) High technology industries and agglomeration economies. In: Hall P, Mankiew A (eds) Silicon landscapes. Allen and Unwin, Boston

Pakes A, Schankerman M (1984) The rate of obsolescence of patents, research gestation lags, and the private rate of return to research resources. In: Griliches Z (ed) R&D, patents and productivity. NBER

Pérez F, Goerlich F, Mas M (1997) Capitalización y crecimiento en España y sus regiones 1955–95, Fundación BBV

Peri G (2002) Knowledge flows and knowledge externalities, CESIfo Working Papers 765. Munich

Quah D (1999) The weightless economy in economic development, CEPR n° 2094

Romer P (1990) Endogenous technical change. J Polit Econ 98(5):71–105CrossRef

Scherer FM (1982) Demand pull and technological innovation: Schmoockler revisited. J Ind Econ 30:5–237CrossRef

Scotchmer S (2004) Measuring the value of R&D and patents. In: Innovation and incentives, MIT Press, Cambridge, M. A.

Serrano L (1996) Indicadores de capital humano y productividad. Rev Econ Apl 10(4):177–190

Silverberg G, Soete L (1994) The economics of growth and technical change. In: Edward Elgar (ed)

Solow RM (1957) Technical change and the aggregate production function. The Rev Econ Stat 39(Aug):312–320CrossRef

Spence AM (1984) Cost reduction, competition and industry performance. Econometrica 52:101–121CrossRef

Sterlacchini A (1989) R&D, innovations and total factor productivity growth in British manufacturing. Appl Econ 21:549–1562CrossRef

Todtling F (1990) Spatial differentiation of innovation. Locational and structural factors: results of an Austrian study. In: Bergman E, Maier G, Todtling F (eds) Regions reconsidered. Economic networks, innovation and local development in industrialized countries. London, Mansell

Verspagen B (1992) Endogenous innovation in neoclassical growth models: a survey. J Macroecon 14(4):631–662CrossRef

Verspagen B (1994) Technology and growth: the complex dynamics of convergence and divergence. In: Silberberg G, Soete L (eds) The economics of growth and technical change

Wakelin K (2001) Productivity growth and R&D expenditure in UK manufacturing firms. Res Policy 30:1079–1090CrossRef

Titel: Technological activity and productivity in the Spanish regions
verfasst von: Mercedes Gumbau-Albert
Joaquín Maudos
Publikationsdatum: 01.03.2006
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: The Annals of Regional Science / Ausgabe 1/2006
Print ISSN: 0570-1864
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0592
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-005-0027-5

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2006

Industrial diversity and metropolitan unemployment rate

Distortions in estimating net benefits of regional development projects

A time series analysis of U.S. metropolitan and non-metropolitan income divergence

Labor and household mobility: efficiency and equilibrium

The identification of functional regions: theory, methods, and applications

Spatially varying development mechanisms in the Greater Beijing Area: a geographically weighted regression investigation