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Erschienen in:
The Irrigation Future of India: Overview and Synthesis Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Temporal Trends and Regional Patterns in Development of Irrigation in India

verfasst von : A. Narayanamoorthy

Erschienen in: The Irrigation Future of India

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

India’s irrigation sector is one of the largest in the world. Government alone has invested about INR 4596.73 billion (in current prices) in irrigation sector till the end of 2011–12. As a result, the irrigated area has increased from 20.85 million hectares in 1950–51 to over 98 million hectares in 2016–17, an increase of nearly five times. A large number of studies have analysed the impact of irrigation on various parameters. However, not many studies have analysed the direction of changes in irrigated area across major sources and states. An indepth analysis on the trends and development of irrigation is essential to frame appropriate irrigation policies for the future. In this chapter, therefore, an attempt is made to analyse the past development of irrigated area across different sources and states using time series data from 1950–51 to 2016–17. This chapter shows that the growth in irrigated area across the states and sources has decelerated substantially during agrarian crisis period (1995–96 to 2016–17) as compared to the post-green revolution period (1980–81 to 1994–95). The low cost source of irrigation namely tank has declined sharply since mid-sixties, which may create livelihood problems for farmers relying on this source.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Indian Irrigation Sector: Overall Physical Settings and Resource Utilisation
Nächstes Kapitel Groundwater Irrigation in India: Development, Overexploitation and Sustainability
Fußnoten
1
Monetary values used in this chapter are in Indian Rupees (INR) represent value in current prices, unless otherwise specified.
 
2
Water is becoming increasingly scarce worldwide and the situation is expected to get worse. Macro-level estimates show that one-third of world’s population would face absolute water scarcity by the year 2025. The worst affected areas would be the semi-arid regions of Asia, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. For more details about the problem of water scarcity and its possible impact on different regions see, Biswas (1993, 2001), Rosegrant and Meinzen-Dick (1996), Rosegrant et al. (2002), Seckler et al. (1998, 1999).
 
3
Gross irrigated area is defined as net irrigated area plus area irrigated more than once.
 
4
There is a close relationship between farm income of agricultural households and the cropped area under irrigation facility in different states India. Therefore, increased inequality in irrigation facility will further accentuate the income inequality between the states. A detailed analysis on farm income and irrigation nexus across different states in Indian can be seen from Narayanamoorthy (2021).
 
5
Ideally one should compare the investment made in each source of irrigation with the area under irrigation at different plan periods so as to understand whether the direction of change in development of irrigation is correct or not. However, since the scope of the study is limited to expansion of irrigation, we could not carry out any analysis relating investment in irrigation with its area. Some useful analysis on the nexus between plan-wise irrigation investment and area under irrigation can be seen in Svendsen and Gulati (1994), Dhawan (1997).
 
6
The Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) was introduced in 1996–97 in order to increase the canal irrigated area by completing the projects that were in the near completion stage. Unfortunately, it has not made any impact on the net canal irrigated area so far. In fact, the net canal irrigated area has declined after the introduction of AIBP, which is a serious concern. More comments on the AIBP can be seen from different plan documents, published by the Planning Commission of India.
 
7
After having analysed the data on tank irrigation of over 50 years, Vaidyanathan (2001) and Narayanamoorthy (2007b) have provided a number of suggestions to revitalise tank irrigation in India. Interested readers may refer these cited works for further details.
 
8
An estimate shows that Indian farmers have invested worth of about US$12 billion in groundwater structures over the last 50 years (Shah et al., 2003, 2006).
 
9
A literature survey on the impact of groundwater irrigation development on tank irrigation can be seen in Narayanamoorthy (2007b).
 
10
The green revolution was only introduced during the mid-1960s in India. But, for the purpose of state-level analysis, we have treated from 1960–61 to 1980–81 as the green revolution period.
 
11
It is worth mentioning here that between 1980–81 and 2001–02, the total investment in the major and medium irrigation (MMI) sector was INR 949 billion and the total potential created during the period was only 12.8 million ha. However, about 16.9 million ha of potential was created during 1950–51 to 1979–80 by investing only about INR 76.0 billion in the MMI sector.
 
12
A detailed analytical account on how the various factors have affected the performance of tanks in south India over the years with historical background is elaborately presented by Mosse (1999).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Temporal Trends and Regional Patterns in Development of Irrigation in India
verfasst von
A. Narayanamoorthy
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Buch
The Irrigation Future of India

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-89612-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-89613-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89613-3_3