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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. The Case of the Food and Drink Industries in Japan in Response to Technological Change and Employment Adjustment in the Late 1990s

verfasst von : Naoki Kuriyama

Erschienen in: Japanese Human Resource Management

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In the 1990s, Japanese industry experienced a significant recession. Various types of restructuring were then conducted after the collapse of the bubble economy. Downsizing was inevitable. This situation was a challenge for the practice of long-term employment and the psychological contract which was used by employers. A nationwide survey showed that measures which included voluntary retirement schemes (VRS) were widely used at this time. Wage reforms and the introduction of part-time workers were also common (see Table 3.1).

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Fußnoten
1
These figures are on establishments with four or more employees. See the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) (1994), Census of Manufacturers by Industry.
 
2
Sapporo Beer initiated the deployment of such a lorry distribution system in Spring 1997.
 
3
Unless otherwise indicated, most of the data and information in this section are from Imahori, K. (1996), ‘Present Issues and Future Prospects of Bio-industry’, Science and Technology in Japan, Quarterly Magazine in cooperation with the Science and Technology Agency, Vol. 5, No. 59, Three ‘I’ Publications.
 
4
The consumers’ body in Japan expressed deep concern about genetically modified food and insisted on the need to identify such food by using labels (Nikkei Shimbun, 11 April 1997). Approximately 71 % of consumers are anxious about genetically modified food according to a poll (Yomiuri Shimbun, 1 May 1997).
 
5
This continued practice was highlighted by the Japanese branch of the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco, and Allied Workers’ Association (IUF). See ILO (1989), Social and Labour Practices in the Food and Drink Industry, p. 54.
 
6
The figures concern establishments with more than five employees. The percentage was lower in the case of larger establishments. See, The Monthly Labour Survey (1997), op. cit., pp. 181–182.
 
7
ILO inquiry in 1997.
 
8
Author’s interview in February 1997.
 
9
Author’s interview in February 1997.
 
10
ILO enquiry in 1997.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
The Case of the Food and Drink Industries in Japan in Response to Technological Change and Employment Adjustment in the Late 1990s
verfasst von
Naoki Kuriyama
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43053-9_3

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