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Erschienen in:
Theorizing Parties and Party Systems Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

11. The Ethno-Religious Parties (Ethno-Religious Block)

verfasst von : Sunil K. Choudhary

Erschienen in: The Changing Face of Parties and Party Systems

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

Ethnicity and religiosity constituted important bases of political parties both in Israel and India. National Religious Party and Shas continued to dominate parliamentary politics of Israel and happened to be part of the coalition right from inception. In India, one could also see the increasing role of caste- and community-based parties in federal governance. In fact, the party systems in India from mid-1980s transformed to coalitional polity due to the growing assertion of the caste-, community- and region-based parties. Bahujan Samaj Party in north India, Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab, Rashtriya Lok Dal in Bihar, Shiv Sena in Maharashtra, DMK and AIDMK in Tamil Nadu and Trinamool Congress in West Bengal are some of the examples of strong caste-, community- and region-based parties deciding the fate of Indian federal politics, particularly from 1990s onward.

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Centrist Parties (Centrist Block)
Nächstes Kapitel The Arab Parties (Arab Block)
Fußnoten
1
The ‘Block of Four’ included the Young Faction—Movement for National Religious Revival (NRV), Lamifneh, Moshavim, Religious Kibbutz.
 
2
Haredim is the orthodox and ultra-orthodox group within Judaism, which believes in the strict adherence to the principles of Judaism. The haredi groups/parties in Israel do not support Zionism, as, for them, the Zionists believe in the secular character of the Israeli State, whereas the haredi have always stood for a Jewish-Zionist State.
 
3
Heilman further classified three distinct streams of Agudat parties—Hasidim, Misnagdism and Sephardim. While ‘Hasidim emphasized the display of piety and humane attachments to the charismatic rebbe, misnagdism focused on strict adherence to scholarship and the letter of the law, and respect for the authority of the yeshiva teacher/scholar’ (Heilman 1990: 140–141). Sephardim on the other hand broadly referred to the ‘traditionally religious Jews from Moslem countries’ who got ‘absorbed into Lithuanian-misnagdic yeshivas’ (Ibid.).
 
4
‘Teshuva represented the process of personal movement away from less observant and committed past to a future of spiritual fulfillment and enhanced individual destiny. At the same time, it was a symbolic return to the once great traditions of the Sephardic past, to a complete Judaism, a rich Judaism, a good Judaism’ (Willis 1995: 125–126).
 
5
While the formal system, as provided by Shas, is based on the schooling (nursery school and day care at symbolic or no tuition), the informal refers to the lessons to the people in small yeshivas in towns and neighborhoods. The party emphasized Talmud Torah (haredi day school) as against the secular schools.
 
6
Other Backward Classes or OBCs is used in India as a collective term for all such backward and downtrodden castes that do not fall under the domain of the constitutionally listed categories, viz., Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Since backwardness varies across India, the castes falling under OBCs also vary accordingly. The Government of India through the Mandal Commission Recommendations in late 1980s offered 27% reservation to OBCs in public-sector appointments and educational institutions. Such a step by the Government also led to political agitation in the country in the beginning of the 1990s by polarizing the society into pro-Mandal/reservationists and anti-Mandal/reservationists.
 
Literatur
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Van Dyke, V. (2007). ‘Jumbo cabinets’, factionalism, and the impact of federalism: Comparing coalition governments in Kerala, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. In R. Roy & P. Wallace (Eds.), India’s 2004 elections: Grassroots and national perspectives. New Delhi: Sage.
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Metadaten
Titel
The Ethno-Religious Parties (Ethno-Religious Block)
verfasst von
Sunil K. Choudhary
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Buch
The Changing Face of Parties and Party Systems

Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5174-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-5175-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5175-3_11