Introduction
Related work
Kernel-based one-class classification
Fuzzy SVM
Proposed method
Motivations
Initial training set generation
Feature selection
Fuzzy membership
Fuzzy SVDD based on the membership degree of tightness
Noisy label corrections with confidence degree
Experimental results
Datasets descriptions
Datasets | Class labels | Train instance | Test instance |
---|---|---|---|
Cats and dogs | C1 | 960 | 240 |
C2 | 800 | 200 | |
Fruits | F1 | 207 | 23 |
F2 | 207 | 23 | |
F3 | 207 | 23 | |
F4 | 207 | 23 | |
F5 | 207 | 23 | |
F6 | 207 | 23 | |
F7 | 207 | 23 | |
F8 | 207 | 23 | |
F9 | 207 | 23 | |
F10 | 207 | 23 | |
Dishware | D1 | 73 | 31 |
D2 | 189 | 31 | |
D3 | 108 | 31 |
Experiment setup
Parameters’ settings
Methods | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cats and dogs | 0\(\%\) | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | ||||||||
C1 | 97.94\(\%\) | 97\(\%\) | 98\(\%\) | 73.89\(\%\) | 71.87\(\%\) | 81.83\(\%\) | 68.33\(\%\) | 67.43\(\%\) | 61.33\(\%\) | 54.07\(\%\) | 51.67\(\%\) | 47\(\%\) |
C2 | 97.83\(\%\) | 96.87\(\%\) | 98.56\(\%\) | 77.78\(\%\) | 76.87\(\%\) | 71\(\%\) | 65.78\(\%\) | 68\(\%\) | 57\(\%\) | 50.56\(\%\) | 74\(\%\) | 62.56\(\%\) |
AA | 97.89\(\%\) | 96.94\(\%\) | 98.28\(\%\) | 75.84\(\%\) | 74.37\(\%\) | 76.415\(\%\) | 66.665\(\%\) | 67.72\(\%\) | 59.165\(\%\) | 52.32\(\%\) | 62.83\(\%\) | 54.78\(\%\) |
Methods | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cats and dogs | 0\(\%\) | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | ||||||||
C1 | 97.94\(\%\) | 97\(\%\) | 98\(\%\) | 59.4\(\%\) | 62.5\(\%\) | 67.33\(\%\) | 37.78\(\%\) | 67.43\(\%\) | 51.56\(\%\) | 27.9\(\%\) | 51.67\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) |
C2 | 97.83\(\%\) | 96.87\(\%\) | 98.56\(\%\) | 65.56\(\%\) | 61.87\(\%\) | 58.65\(\%\) | 53.33\(\%\) | 49\(\%\) | 56\(\%\) | 47.03\(\%\) | 35.33\(\%\) | 37\(\%\) |
AA | 97.89\(\%\) | 96.94\(\%\) | 98.28\(\%\) | 62.48\(\%\) | 62.19\(\%\) | 62.99\(\%\) | 45.56\(\%\) | 58.22\(\%\) | 53.78\(\%\) | 37.47\(\%\) | 43.5\(\%\) | 46\(\%\) |
Evaluation criterion
SM-SVDD | 0\(\%\) | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 94.5\(\%\) | 57.5\(\%\) | 41.65\(\%\) | 31\(\%\) |
C2 | 90\(\%\) | 61.5\(\%\) | 47.67\(\%\) | 39.33\(\%\) |
AA | 92.25\(\%\) | 63.5\(\%\) | 44.66\(\%\) | 35.165\(\%\) |
SM-SVDD | Random noise | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 94.5\(\%\) | 61.33\(\%\) | 59.5\(\%\) | 41\(\%\) |
C2 | 90\(\%\) | 67.5\(\%\) | 55.67\(\%\) | 49\(\%\) |
AA | 92.25\(\%\) | 64.415\(\%\) | 57.585\(\%\) | 45\(\%\) |
Methods | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dishware | 0\(\%\) | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | ||||||||
D1 | 91.5\(\%\) | 89\(\%\) | 92.65\(\%\) | 71.42\(\%\) | 71.42\(\%\) | 72.81\(\%\) | 76.67\(\%\) | 28.57\(\%\) | 57\(\%\) | 37.2\(\%\) | 30\(\%\) | 35\(\%\) |
D2 | 84.94\(\%\) | 92\(\%\) | 91\(\%\) | 59.46\(\%\) | 70.27\(\%\) | 65.56\(\%\) | 29.73\(\%\) | 49\(\%\) | 37\(\%\) | 43.24\(\%\) | 35.33\(\%\) | 39\(\%\) |
D3 | 88.67\(\%\) | 83.84\(\%\) | 84.33\(\%\) | 85\(\%\) | 85\(\%\) | 81.11\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 70\(\%\) | 71.33\(\%\) | 50\(\%\) | 76\(\%\) | 65.56\(\%\) |
AA | 88.37\(\%\) | 88.28\(\%\) | 88.99\(\%\) | 71.96\(\%\) | 75.56\(\%\) | 73.16\(\%\) | 57.13\(\%\) | 49.19\(\%\) | 55.11\(\%\) | 43.48\(\%\) | 47.11\(\%\) | 46.52\(\%\) |
Noisy label detection
Methods | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dishware | 0\(\%\) | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | ||||||||
D1 | 91.5\(\%\) | 89\(\%\) | 91\(\%\) | 93.33\(\%\) | 71.42\(\%\) | 75.65\(\%\) | 73.33\(\%\) | 28.57\(\%\) | 69.81\(\%\) | 55.56\(\%\) | 25\(\%\) | 47.56\(\%\) |
D2 | 84.94\(\%\) | 92\(\%\) | 87.11\(\%\) | 72.97\(\%\) | 29.7\(\%\) | 65.33\(\%\) | 58.1\(\%\) | 26.67\(\%\) | 47.72\(\%\) | 37.72\(\%\) | 35.33\(\%\) | 34.11\(\%\) |
D3 | 88.67\(\%\) | 83.84\(\%\) | 89\(\%\) | 90.47\(\%\) | 85\(\%\) | 89.91\(\%\) | 90.69\(\%\) | 77.5\(\%\) | 81.33\(\%\) | 57.81\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 63.33\(\%\) |
AA | 88.37\(\%\) | 88.28\(\%\) | 88.99\(\%\) | 85.59\(\%\) | 62.04\(\%\) | 76.96\(\%\) | 74.04\(\%\) | 44.25\(\%\) | 66.28\(\%\) | 50.36\(\%\) | 41.78\(\%\) | 48.33\(\%\) |
Noisy label corrections
SM-SVDD | 0\(\%\) | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) |
---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 90.5\(\%\) | 67.47\(\%\) | 53.65\(\%\) | 31\(\%\) |
D2 | 89.67\(\%\) | 61.5\(\%\) | 59\(\%\) | 39.33\(\%\) |
D3 | 85.11\(\%\) | 79.56\(\%\) | 63.33\(\%\) | 45.5\(\%\) |
AA | 88.426\(\%\) | 69.51\(\%\) | 58.66\(\%\) | 38.61\(\%\) |
SM-SVDD | Random noise | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 90.5\(\%\) | 61.33\(\%\) | 59.5\(\%\) | 41\(\%\) |
D2 | 89.67\(\%\) | 67.5\(\%\) | 45.67\(\%\) | 41\(\%\) |
D3 | 85.11\(\%\) | 71.5\(\%\) | 67.67\(\%\) | 49.33\(\%\) |
AA | 88.426\(\%\) | 66.77\(\%\) | 57.61\(\%\) | 43.77\(\%\) |
Methods | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruits | 0\(\%\) | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | ||||||||
F1 | 89\(\%\) | 95\(\%\) | 93.67\(\%\) | 75\(\%\) | 92\(\%\) | 71\(\%\) | 56\(\%\) | 62.54\(\%\) | 47\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 52.6\(\%\) | 35\(\%\) |
F2 | 91\(\%\) | 91.67\(\%\) | 93.33\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 70\(\%\) | 61\(\%\) | 53.75\(\%\) | 68.75\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 43.3\(\%\) | 42.5\(\%\) | 47.5\(\%\) |
F3 | 87.83\(\%\) | 84.87\(\%\) | 89.5\(\%\) | 68.29\(\%\) | 52.5\(\%\) | 61.33\(\%\) | 56.25\(\%\) | 66.25\(\%\) | 51.5\(\%\) | 50\(\%\) | 55.83\(\%\) | 49\(\%\) |
F4 | 83.87\(\%\) | 89.16\(\%\) | 81.11\(\%\) | 70\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 65.56\(\%\) | 57.5\(\%\) | 41.5\(\%\) | 45.5\(\%\) | 45.83\(\%\) | 49.16\(\%\) | 43\(\%\) |
F5 | 92\(\%\) | 92\(\%\) | 94.25\(\%\) | 75\(\%\) | 72.5\(\%\) | 67.25\(\%\) | 70.73\(\%\) | 62.5\(\%\) | 69.25\(\%\) | 52.5\(\%\) | 51.67\(\%\) | 51.67\(\%\) |
F6 | 93.83\(\%\) | 89.87\(\%\) | 93\(\%\) | 70.7\(\%\) | 57.5\(\%\) | 65.5\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 57\(\%\) | 50\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | 49\(\%\) |
F7 | 90\(\%\) | 87.16\(\%\) | 91.65\(\%\) | 72.5\(\%\) | 67.5\(\%\) | 67.5\(\%\) | 66.25\(\%\) | 62.5\(\%\) | 57.65\(\%\) | 52.5\(\%\) | 48.33\(\%\) | 51.5\(\%\) |
F8 | 97.83\(\%\) | 88.67\(\%\) | 93.33\(\%\) | 87.5\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 77\(\%\) | 70\(\%\) | 66.25\(\%\) | 69.25\(\%\) | 56.67\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 43.33\(\%\) |
F9 | 89.56\(\%\) | 87\(\%\) | 85.33\(\%\) | 75\(\%\) | 50\(\%\) | 69\(\%\) | 62.5\(\%\) | 62.5\(\%\) | 59.33\(\%\) | 52.5\(\%\) | 45\(\%\) | 51.5\(\%\) |
F10 | 97.89\(\%\) | 96.94\(\%\) | 98.25\(\%\) | 85\(\%\) | 67.5\(\%\) | 75.5\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 34.16\(\%\) | 45\(\%\) | 47\(\%\) |
AA | 91.28\(\%\) | 90.23\(\%\) | 91.342\(\%\) | 81.90\(\%\) | 64.95\(\%\) | 68.064\(\%\) | 61.79\(\%\) | 55.78\(\%\) | 56.648\(\%\) | 49.24\(\%\) | 50.5\(\%\) | 46.85\(\%\) |
Algorithm analysis
Methods | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD | Ours | SVDD | ASVDD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruits | 0\(\%\) | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | ||||||||
F1 | 89\(\%\) | 95\(\%\) | 93.67\(\%\) | 64\(\%\) | 30\(\%\) | 59\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 43.75\(\%\) | 47.5\(\%\) | 41\(\%\) | 35.5\(\%\) | 38.37\(\%\) |
F2 | 91\(\%\) | 91.67\(\%\) | 93.33\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 45\(\%\) | 54\(\%\) | 43\(\%\) | 31.25\(\%\) | 38.75\(\%\) | 38.33\(\%\) | 28\(\%\) | 31\(\%\) |
F3 | 87.83\(\%\) | 84.87\(\%\) | 89.5\(\%\) | 72.5\(\%\) | 68\(\%\) | 70.37\(\%\) | 61.72\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 58\(\%\) | 45.37\(\%\) | 36.67\(\%\) | 44.56\(\%\) |
F4 | 83.87\(\%\) | 89.16\(\%\) | 81.11\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 25\(\%\) | 47.56\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | 41.5\(\%\) | 58.63\(\%\) | 34.45\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 37.5\(\%\) |
F5 | 92\(\%\) | 92\(\%\) | 94.25\(\%\) | 75\(\%\) | 57\(\%\) | 67.5\(\%\) | 58.75\(\%\) | 35\(\%\) | 49.67\(\%\) | 50\(\%\) | 76\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) |
F6 | 93.83\(\%\) | 89.87\(\%\) | 93\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 45\(\%\) | 58\(\%\) | 56.25\(\%\) | 28.75\(\%\) | 44\(\%\) | 42.5\(\%\) | 34.16\(\%\) | 37\(\%\) |
F7 | 90\(\%\) | 87.16\(\%\) | 91.65\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 44\(\%\) | 51.56\(\%\) | 47.5\(\%\) | 38.33\(\%\) | 45.5\(\%\) | 45.83\(\%\) | 28.75\(\%\) | 39.65\(\%\) |
F8 | 97.83\(\%\) | 88.67\(\%\) | 93.33\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | 53\(\%\) | 57.33\(\%\) | 77.5\(\%\) | 43.75\(\%\) | 51.5\(\%\) | 38.33\(\%\) | 40.83\(\%\) | 35\(\%\) |
F9 | 89.56\(\%\) | 87\(\%\) | 85.33\(\%\) | 85\(\%\) | 61\(\%\) | 58.9\(\%\) | 58.75\(\%\) | 42.5\(\%\) | 41\(\%\) | 34.16\(\%\) | 45.83\(\%\) | 31.33\(\%\) |
F10 | 97.89\(\%\) | 96.94\(\%\) | 98.25\(\%\) | 67.5\(\%\) | 61\(\%\) | 65\(\%\) | 70\(\%\) | 63\(\%\) | 57.5\(\%\) | 68.33\(\%\) | 55\(\%\) | 47.88\(\%\) |
AA | 91.28\(\%\) | 90.23\(\%\) | 91.342\(\%\) | 66.4\(\%\) | 48.9\(\%\) | 58.92\(\%\) | 58.84\(\%\) | 42.58\(\%\) | 49.205\(\%\) | 43.83\(\%\) | 42.07\(\%\) | 39.729\(\%\) |
SVM | Random | Density | Random | Density | Random | Density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cats and dogs | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | |||
C1 | 91.5\(\%\) | 91.5\(\%\) | 75.5\(\%\) | 81\(\%\) | 63\(\%\) | 57.5\(\%\) |
C2 | 90\(\%\) | 84.5\(\%\) | 81.5\(\%\) | 80\(\%\) | 71\(\%\) | 70.5\(\%\) |
AA | 90.75\(\%\) | 87.75\(\%\) | 78.5\(\%\) | 80.5\(\%\) | 67\(\%\) | 64\(\%\) |
SVM | Corrections | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 98.25\(\%\) | 98.25\(\%\) | 98.25\(\%\) | 96.75\(\%\) | 96.75\(\%\) | 96.25\(\%\) |
C2 | 95.25\(\%\) | 94.5\(\%\) | 97\(\%\) | 96.25\(\%\) | 95\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) |
AA | 96.75\(\%\) | 96.375\(\%\) | 97.625\(\%\) | 96.5\(\%\) | 95.875\(\%\) | 94.865\(\%\) |
SVM | Random | Density | Random | Density | Random | Density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dishware | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | |||
D1 | 62\(\%\) | 72.16\(\%\) | 87.5\(\%\) | 81.94\(\%\) | 73.08\(\%\) | 68.7\(\%\) |
D2 | 53.23\(\%\) | 75.81\(\%\) | 81.5\(\%\) | 83.87\(\%\) | 37.10\(\%\) | 74.19\(\%\) |
D3 | 56.45\(\%\) | 64.52\(\%\) | 69.35\(\%\) | 58\(\%\) | 61.29\(\%\) | 53.23\(\%\) |
AA | 57.23\(\%\) | 70.83\(\%\) | 79.45\(\%\) | 74.6\(\%\) | 57.15\(\%\) | 65.37\(\%\) |
SVM | Corrections | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 74.5\(\%\) | 85\(\%\) | 89\(\%\) | 85.16\(\%\) | 76.34\(\%\) | 76.34\(\%\) |
D2 | 75.27\(\%\) | 91.94\(\%\) | 63.44\(\%\) | 93.55\(\%\) | 76.74\(\%\) | 82.8\(\%\) |
D3 | 74.19\(\%\) | 77.42\(\%\) | 65.59\(\%\) | 66.13\(\%\) | 67.74\(\%\) | 61.29\(\%\) |
AA | 74.65\(\%\) | 84.78\(\%\) | 72.67\(\%\) | 81.61\(\%\) | 73.60\(\%\) | 73.47\(\%\) |
SVM | Random | Density | Random | Density | Random | Density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruits | 20\(\%\) | 40\(\%\) | 60\(\%\) | |||
F1 | 91.30\(\%\) | 84.78\(\%\) | 82.61\(\%\) | 78.26\(\%\) | 67.39\(\%\) | 69.57\(\%\) |
F2 | 97.83\(\%\) | 91.30\(\%\) | 91.30\(\%\) | 82.61\(\%\) | 78.26\(\%\) | 73.91\(\%\) |
F3 | 89.13\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 84.78\(\%\) | 86.91\(\%\) | 73.91\(\%\) | 78.26\(\%\) |
F4 | 91.30\(\%\) | 91.30\(\%\) | 82.61\(\%\) | 89.13\(\%\) | 80.43\(\%\) | 78.26\(\%\) |
F5 | 84.78\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 76.09\(\%\) | 86.96\(\%\) | 67.39\(\%\) | 78.26\(\%\) |
F6 | 89.13\(\%\) | 91.30\(\%\) | 80.43\(\%\) | 78.26\(\%\) | 67.39\(\%\) | 65.22\(\%\) |
F7 | 93.48\(\%\) | 86.96\(\%\) | 80.43\(\%\) | 76.09\(\%\) | 71.74\(\%\) | 71.74\(\%\) |
F8 | 86.96\(\%\) | 91.30\(\%\) | 73.91\(\%\) | 84.78\(\%\) | 71.74\(\%\) | 73.91\(\%\) |
F9 | 89.13\(\%\) | 86.96\(\%\) | 80.43\(\%\) | 76.09\(\%\) | 76.09\(\%\) | 73.91\(\%\) |
F10 | 97.83\(\%\) | 89.13\(\%\) | 84.78\(\%\) | 73.91\(\%\) | 80.43\(\%\) | 65.22\(\%\) |
AA | 91.09\(\%\) | 90\(\%\) | 81.73\(\%\) | 81.3\(\%\) | 73.47\(\%\) | 72.82\(\%\) |
SVM | Corrections | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 94.35\(\%\) | 93.91\(\%\) | 92.65\(\%\) | 91.48\(\%\) | 91.30\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) |
F2 | 93.91\(\%\) | 95.65\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 91.91\(\%\) | 91.48\(\%\) |
F3 | 94.78\(\%\) | 97.83\(\%\) | 93.16\(\%\) | 95.65\(\%\) | 92.61\(\%\) | 93.91\(\%\) |
F4 | 94.91\(\%\) | 95.65\(\%\) | 94.78\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 95.22\(\%\) | 94.35\(\%\) |
F5 | 94.78\(\%\) | 96.75\(\%\) | 95.65\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 93.91\(\%\) |
F6 | 93.48\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 94.35\(\%\) | 91.65\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 94.35\(\%\) |
F7 | 93.91\(\%\) | 91\(\%\) | 93.91\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 92.17\(\%\) | 92.61\(\%\) |
F8 | 94.35\(\%\) | 93.16\(\%\) | 94.35\(\%\) | 91.3\(\%\) | 92.61\(\%\) | 94.35\(\%\) |
F9 | 93.04\(\%\) | 94.87\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 93.91\(\%\) |
F10 | 94.35\(\%\) | 96.83\(\%\) | 92.61\(\%\) | 93.48\(\%\) | 91.30\(\%\) | 92.17\(\%\) |
AA | 94.18\(\%\) | 94.91\(\%\) | 93.84\(\%\) | 93.09\(\%\) | 92.75\(\%\) | 93.45\(\%\) |