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2017 | Supplement | Buchkapitel

5. The Impact of Western Society onto the Identity Politics of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Colonial and Post-colonial India

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Abstract

Western concepts of (homo)sexuality and (trans)gender identities have affected and still affect the understanding of these phenomena and the creation of identity politics in a non-Western cultural context that already had established different models of understanding gender and sexuality. This text deals with the influence of Western society on the identity politics of sexual and gender minorities in colonial and post-colonial India, investigating the problem of hybridization of the indigenous gender and sexual identity minorities. It also explores the emergence of identity, community and activist forms of struggle characteristic for Western culture and which are found in post-colonial India as the result of modern globalization processes.

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Fußnoten
1
Jelena Đorđević, Postkultura: uvod u studije kulture, Beograd: Clio, 2009, 388.
 
2
Dennis Altman, “Global gaze/global gays,” in Sexual identities: queer politics, edited by Mark Blasius, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2001, 96–117. Katie King, “There are no lesbians here: lesbianism, feminism and global gay formations,” in Queer Globalizations: citizenship and the Afterlife of Colonialism, edited by Arnaldo Cruz Malave and Martin F. Manalansan IV, New York and London: New York University Press, 2002, 33–45.
 
3
Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at large: cultural dimensions of globalization, Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press, 1996, 17.
 
4
Tom Boellstorff, The gay archipelago: sexuality and nation in Indonesia, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2005.
 
5
Carl F. Stychin, “Same-Sex Sexualities and the Globalization of Human Rights Discourse,” in McGill Law Journal, vol. 49, Montreal: McGill University Press, 2004, 954.
 
6
Natalie E. Serra, “Queering International Human Rights: LGBT Access to Domestic Violence Remedies,” in Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, Volume 21, Issue 3, American University Washington College of Law, 2013, 595.
 
7
Joseph Massad, “Re-Orienting Desire: The Gay International and the Arab World,” in Desiring Arabs, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007, 160–191.
 
8
Aeyal Gross, “Post/Colonial Queer Globalisation and International Human Rights: Images of LGBT Rights,” in Jindal Global Law Review, Volume 4, Issue 2, Jindal Global University, Haryana, 2013.
 
9
Gayatri Spivak, “Can the subaltern speak?,” in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, edited by Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, 271–313.
 
10
Richard von Kraft Ebbing, “PsychopathiaSexualis with Special Reference to Contrary Sexual Instinct: A Medico-Legal Study,” in The Transgender studies reader, edited by Susan Stryker and Stephen Whittle, New York, London: Routledge, 2006, 21–28, 21.
 
11
Michel Foucault, The Will to Knowledge. History of Sexuality Volume 1, (trans: R. Hurley), New York: Pantheon Books, 1998, 43. (here cited from: Mišel Fuko, Volja za znanjem: istorija seksualnosti I, (trans: J. Stakić) Karpos, Loznica, 2006, 52.
 
12
Magnus Hirschfeld, “The Transvestites: The Erotic Drive to Cross-Dress,” in The transgender studies reader, edited by Susan Srtyker and Stephen Whittle, New York, London: Routledge, 2006, 28–39.
 
13
Leslie Feinberg, “Transgender Liberation: A Movement Whose Time Has Come,” in The transgender studies reader, edited by Susan Stryker and Stephen Whittle, New York, London: Routledge, 2006, 205–221.
 
14
Surya Monro, “Towards a Sociology of Gender Diversity: The Indian and UK Cases,” in Transgender Identities: Towards a Social Analysis of Gender Diversity, edited by Sally Hines and Tam Sanger, New York, London: Routledge, 2010, 242–259.
 
15
Gayatri Reddy, With respect to sex: negotiating hijra identity in South India, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2005, 52.
 
16
“Although relatively untouched by police jurisdiction, hijras across the country have divided themselves according to municipal police divisions, in accordance with the demarcation of districts in mainstream society. They elect their own council of elders to settle group disputes, referred to as pancayats, who rule over a select group of hijra communities within a particular region. They have regional meetings as well: simply through word of mouth, tens of thousands of hijras have been known to converge on a single area.” Kira Hall, “‘Go Suck Your Husband’s Sugarcane!’: Hijras and the Use of Sexual Insult,” in Queerly phrased: language, gender, and sexuality, edited by Anna Livia and Kira Hall, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, 430–460, 430.
 
17
Surya Monro, “Towards a Sociology of Gender Diversity: The Indian and UK Cases,” in Transgender Identities: Towards a Social Analysis of Gender Diversity, Sally Hines and Tam Sanger (eds.), New York, London: Routledge, 2010, 242–259, 248.
 
18
“The constitution of this colonial category—a ‘criminal caste’—involved the construction and detailed elaboration of ‘a body of knowledge defining the nature, habits, and characteristics’ of individuals so classified. This knowledge base was premised not only on prevailing understandings of the nature of Indian society (and caste in particular), but also on constructions of crime, deviance, and vagrancy in Victorian England.” Gayatri Reddy, With respect to sex: negotiating hijra identity in South India, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2005, 27.
 
21
Speeches delivered by Hon’ble Mr. Justice P. Sathasivam, Chief Justice of India at Tamil Nadu State Judical Academy, http://​www.​hcmadras.​tn.​nic.​in/​jacademy/​Article/​PSJ-CJO-SPEECH-Royappetah.​pdf.
 
22
Rebecca M. Young and Ilan H. Meyer, “The Trouble With ‘MSM’ and ‘WSW’: Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse,” in Am J Public Health, 2005, 1144–1149.
 
23
Suparna Bhaskaran, Made in India Decolonizations, Queer Sexualities, Trans/national Projects, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
 
Metadaten
Titel
The Impact of Western Society onto the Identity Politics of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Colonial and Post-colonial India
verfasst von
Aleksa Milanović
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55173-9_5