Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. The Individualisation of Security: A New Architecture for International Security

verfasst von : Sarah da Mota

Erschienen in: NATO, Civilisation and Individuals

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

As the most decisive and influential normative trend of post-Cold War international security, the Individualisation of Security has progressively re-oriented security policies and their related discourses and rationales from the state to the individual. The Individualisation of Security has entailed the reformulation of security policies and the very conduct of war, reconfiguring them around a different conception of life-valuation that has the Liberal individual at its core. Through the strong ideological and biopolitical stances of humanitarianism, the Individualisation of Security has produced an international discourse of discipline and normalisation, according to which a conduct that is respectful of individuals should be held as natural for all states. This illustrates the extension of the civilising power through international organisations and can be considered as another stage of the civilising process coming from the West.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The next chapter, especially dedicated to NATO’s missions in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Afghanistan, will approach this issue in more depth.
 
2
The “subject of security” is the actual and practical recipient of a given security policy, independently of its referent object.
 
3
As a matter of fact, those concepts and expressions were very well accepted and adopted in the codes of conduct of many international organizations, NGO’s, and foreign policies of some states such as Canada, Japan and Norway—concerning human security, mostly—because they were rooted in positive and progressist moral values, as they also generated important financial support (Ramel, 2003; Shusterman, 2006; Suhrke, 1999).
 
4
The ICISS’ formulation of R2P entails a three-fold conception of responsibility as (1) the state being responsible for the safety and welfare of their citizens; (2) the state being responsible to the international community to fulfil this duty; (3) other states may intervene to protect a population in another defaulting state regarding the first two responsibilities (Weber, 2009: 586–587).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Adler, E. (2008). The Spread of Security Communities: Communities of Practice, Self-Restraint, and NATO’s Post Cold War Transformation. European Journal of International Relations, 14(2), 195–230.CrossRef Adler, E. (2008). The Spread of Security Communities: Communities of Practice, Self-Restraint, and NATO’s Post Cold War Transformation. European Journal of International Relations, 14(2), 195–230.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Appiah, A. K. (2007 [2006]). Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. London, New Delhi, Johannesburg: Penguin Books. Appiah, A. K. (2007 [2006]). Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. London, New Delhi, Johannesburg: Penguin Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Barnett, M. (2005). Humanitarianism Transformed. Perspectives on Politics, 3(4), 723–740.CrossRef Barnett, M. (2005). Humanitarianism Transformed. Perspectives on Politics, 3(4), 723–740.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bellamy, A. J. (2004). Ethics and Intervention: The ‘Humanitarian Exception’ and the Problem of Abuse in the Case of Iraq. Journal of Peace Research, 41(2), 131–147.CrossRef Bellamy, A. J. (2004). Ethics and Intervention: The ‘Humanitarian Exception’ and the Problem of Abuse in the Case of Iraq. Journal of Peace Research, 41(2), 131–147.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bellamy, A. J., & Williams, P. (2011). The New Politics of Protection? Côte d’Ivoire, Libya and the Responsibility to Protect. International Affairs, 87(4), 825–850.CrossRef Bellamy, A. J., & Williams, P. (2011). The New Politics of Protection? Côte d’Ivoire, Libya and the Responsibility to Protect. International Affairs, 87(4), 825–850.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bilgin, P. (2003). Individual and Societal Dimensions of Security. International Studies Review, 5, 203–222.CrossRef Bilgin, P. (2003). Individual and Societal Dimensions of Security. International Studies Review, 5, 203–222.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Booth, K. (1991). Security and Emancipation. Review of International Studies, 17(4), 313–327.CrossRef Booth, K. (1991). Security and Emancipation. Review of International Studies, 17(4), 313–327.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Booth, K. (2005). Critical Security Studies Series. Boulder, CO & London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Booth, K. (2005). Critical Security Studies Series. Boulder, CO & London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Zurück zum Zitat Booth, K. (2007). Theory of World Security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Booth, K. (2007). Theory of World Security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bunde, T., & Noetzel, T. (2010). Unavoidable Tensions: The Liberal Path to Global NATO. Contemporary Security Policy, 31(2), 295–318.CrossRef Bunde, T., & Noetzel, T. (2010). Unavoidable Tensions: The Liberal Path to Global NATO. Contemporary Security Policy, 31(2), 295–318.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Burgess, P. J. (2011). The Ethical Subject of Security. London and New York: Routledge. Burgess, P. J. (2011). The Ethical Subject of Security. London and New York: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Buzan, B., & Hansen, L. (2010). The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Buzan, B., & Hansen, L. (2010). The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Chandler, D. (2001). Universal Ethics and Elite Politics: The Limits of Normative Human Rights Theory. The International Journal of Human Rights, 5(4), 72–89.CrossRef Chandler, D. (2001). Universal Ethics and Elite Politics: The Limits of Normative Human Rights Theory. The International Journal of Human Rights, 5(4), 72–89.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chandler, D. (2002). From Kosovo to Kabul (and Beyond): Human Rights and International Intervention. London: Pluto Press. Chandler, D. (2002). From Kosovo to Kabul (and Beyond): Human Rights and International Intervention. London: Pluto Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Chandler, D. (2004). The Responsibility to Protect? Imposing the ‘Liberal Peace’. International Peacekeeping, 11(1), 59–81.CrossRef Chandler, D. (2004). The Responsibility to Protect? Imposing the ‘Liberal Peace’. International Peacekeeping, 11(1), 59–81.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chandler, D. (2008). Human Security: The Dog That Didn’t Bark. Security Dialogue, 39(4), 427–438.CrossRef Chandler, D. (2008). Human Security: The Dog That Didn’t Bark. Security Dialogue, 39(4), 427–438.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chesterman, S. (2011). ‘Leading from Behind’: The Responsibility to Protect, the Obama Doctrine, and Humanitarian Intervention After Libya. New York University Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers. Chesterman, S. (2011). ‘Leading from Behind’: The Responsibility to Protect, the Obama Doctrine, and Humanitarian Intervention After Libya. New York University Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen, R. (2001). From Individual Security to International Stability. In R. Cohen & M. Mihalka (Eds.), Cooperative Security: New Horizons for International Order, The Marshall Center Papers, No. 3. Garmisch-Partenkirchen: George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies.CrossRef Cohen, R. (2001). From Individual Security to International Stability. In R. Cohen & M. Mihalka (Eds.), Cooperative Security: New Horizons for International Order, The Marshall Center Papers, No. 3. Garmisch-Partenkirchen: George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Delanty, G. (2003). The Making of a Post-Western Europe: A Civilizational Analysis. Thesis Eleven, 72, 8–25. Delanty, G. (2003). The Making of a Post-Western Europe: A Civilizational Analysis. Thesis Eleven, 72, 8–25.
Zurück zum Zitat Dillon, M., & Lobo-Guerrero, L. (2008). Biopolitics in the 21st Century: An Introduction. Review of International Studies, 34, 265–292.CrossRef Dillon, M., & Lobo-Guerrero, L. (2008). Biopolitics in the 21st Century: An Introduction. Review of International Studies, 34, 265–292.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Donnelly, J. (1998). Human Rights: A New Standard of Civilization? International Affairs, 74(1), 1–24.CrossRef Donnelly, J. (1998). Human Rights: A New Standard of Civilization? International Affairs, 74(1), 1–24.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Duffield, M. (2008). Global Civil War: The Non-Insured, International Containment and Post-Interventionary Society. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 145–165.CrossRef Duffield, M. (2008). Global Civil War: The Non-Insured, International Containment and Post-Interventionary Society. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 145–165.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dumont, L. (1983). Essais sur l’individualisme. Paris: Seuil. Dumont, L. (1983). Essais sur l’individualisme. Paris: Seuil.
Zurück zum Zitat Evans, G., & Sahnoun, M. (2002). The Responsibility to Protect. Foreign Affairs, 81(6), 99–110.CrossRef Evans, G., & Sahnoun, M. (2002). The Responsibility to Protect. Foreign Affairs, 81(6), 99–110.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Finnemore, M. (1996). Constructing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention. In P. J. Katzenstein (Ed.), The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (pp. 153–185). New York: Columbia University Press. Finnemore, M. (1996). Constructing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention. In P. J. Katzenstein (Ed.), The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (pp. 153–185). New York: Columbia University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Foucault, M. (2000). Power: Essential Works of Michel Foucault 1954–1984 (Vol. 3, J. D. Faubion, Ed., R. Hurley et al., Trans.). New York: New Press. Foucault, M. (2000). Power: Essential Works of Michel Foucault 1954–1984 (Vol. 3, J. D. Faubion, Ed., R. Hurley et al., Trans.). New York: New Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Foucault, M. (2003 [1997]). Society Must Be Defended. New York: Picador. Foucault, M. (2003 [1997]). Society Must Be Defended. New York: Picador.
Zurück zum Zitat Gasper, D., & Gomez, O. A. (2015). Human Security in Practice: ‘Personal Security’, ‘Citizen Security’ and Comprehensive Mappings. Contemporary Politics, 21(1), 100–116.CrossRef Gasper, D., & Gomez, O. A. (2015). Human Security in Practice: ‘Personal Security’, ‘Citizen Security’ and Comprehensive Mappings. Contemporary Politics, 21(1), 100–116.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Guilhot, N. (Ed.). (2011). The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory. New York: Columbia University Press. Guilhot, N. (Ed.). (2011). The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. (2001). The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the ICISS. Ottawa: International Development Research Center. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. (2001). The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the ICISS. Ottawa: International Development Research Center.
Zurück zum Zitat Jabri, V. (2007). War and the Transformation of Global Politics. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef Jabri, V. (2007). War and the Transformation of Global Politics. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jervis, R. (2011). Morality, Policy and Theory. The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory. N. Guilhot (pp. 33–53). New York: Columbia University Press. Jervis, R. (2011). Morality, Policy and Theory. The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory. N. Guilhot (pp. 33–53). New York: Columbia University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaldor, M., Albrecht, U., Chinkin, C., Dervis, K., Dwan, R., Giddens, A., et al. (2004). A Human Security Doctrine for Europe: The Barcelona Report of the Study Group on Europe’s Security Capabilities Study Group on Europe’s Security Capabilities. Spain: Barcelona. Kaldor, M., Albrecht, U., Chinkin, C., Dervis, K., Dwan, R., Giddens, A., et al. (2004). A Human Security Doctrine for Europe: The Barcelona Report of the Study Group on Europe’s Security Capabilities Study Group on Europe’s Security Capabilities. Spain: Barcelona.
Zurück zum Zitat Krause, K., & Williams, M. C. (1997). Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Krause, K., & Williams, M. C. (1997). Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore, R. R. (2002). European Security – NATO’s Mission for the New Millennium: A Value-Based Approach to Building Security. Contemporary Security Policy, 23(1), 1–34.CrossRef Moore, R. R. (2002). European Security – NATO’s Mission for the New Millennium: A Value-Based Approach to Building Security. Contemporary Security Policy, 23(1), 1–34.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Peoples, C., & Vaughan-Williams, N. (2010). Critical Security Studies: An Introduction. Oxon & New York: Routledge. Peoples, C., & Vaughan-Williams, N. (2010). Critical Security Studies: An Introduction. Oxon & New York: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Piiparinen, T. (2012). McDonaldisation of Sovereignty: A Foucauldian Analysis of Responsibility to Protect. Global Society, 26(4), 473–493.CrossRef Piiparinen, T. (2012). McDonaldisation of Sovereignty: A Foucauldian Analysis of Responsibility to Protect. Global Society, 26(4), 473–493.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ramel, F. (2003). La sécurité humaine: une valeur de rupture dans les cultures stratégiques du Nord? Etudes Internationales, 34(1), 79–104.CrossRef Ramel, F. (2003). La sécurité humaine: une valeur de rupture dans les cultures stratégiques du Nord? Etudes Internationales, 34(1), 79–104.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rothschild, E. (1995). What Is Security? DAEDALUS: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 124(3), 53–98. Rothschild, E. (1995). What Is Security? DAEDALUS: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 124(3), 53–98.
Zurück zum Zitat Shusterman, J. (2006). An Interview with the Human Security Unit. Human Security Journal, 2, 97–103. Shusterman, J. (2006). An Interview with the Human Security Unit. Human Security Journal, 2, 97–103.
Zurück zum Zitat Suhrke, A. (1999). Human Security and the Interests of States. Security Dialogue, 30(3), 265–276.CrossRef Suhrke, A. (1999). Human Security and the Interests of States. Security Dialogue, 30(3), 265–276.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tjalve, V. S. (2011). Designing (De)Security: European Exceptionalism, Atlantic Republicanism and the ‘Public Sphere’. Security Dialogue, 42(4–5), 441–452.CrossRef Tjalve, V. S. (2011). Designing (De)Security: European Exceptionalism, Atlantic Republicanism and the ‘Public Sphere’. Security Dialogue, 42(4–5), 441–452.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat United Nations Development Program. (1994). Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press. United Nations Development Program. (1994). Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Walker, R. B. J. (1997). The Subject of Security. In K. Krause & M. C. Williams (Eds.), Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases (pp. 61–81). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Walker, R. B. J. (1997). The Subject of Security. In K. Krause & M. C. Williams (Eds.), Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases (pp. 61–81). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Watson, S. (2011). The ‘Human’ as Referent Object?: Humanitarianism as Securitization. Security Dialogue, 42(1), 3–20.CrossRef Watson, S. (2011). The ‘Human’ as Referent Object?: Humanitarianism as Securitization. Security Dialogue, 42(1), 3–20.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weber, P. (2009). Too Political or Not Political Enough? A Foucauldian Reading of the Responsibility to Protect. The International Journal of Human Rights, 13(4), 581–590.CrossRef Weber, P. (2009). Too Political or Not Political Enough? A Foucauldian Reading of the Responsibility to Protect. The International Journal of Human Rights, 13(4), 581–590.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wyn Jones, R. (1999). Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Wyn Jones, R. (1999). Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Metadaten
Titel
The Individualisation of Security: A New Architecture for International Security
verfasst von
Sarah da Mota
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74409-4_8

Premium Partner