Introduction
Method
Procedure
Participants
Characteristic | n | % |
---|---|---|
“How would you describe your ethnic and/or racial identity?” | ||
White/European ancestries | 32 | 62.8 |
Black/African American ancestries | 7 | 13.7 |
Asian ancestries | 4 | 7.8 |
Latinx ancestries | 4 | 7.8 |
Mixed/other ancestries | 4 | 7.8 |
“How would you describe your gender identity?” | ||
Nonbinary/genderqueer/other non-cisgendereda | 28 | 54.9 |
Woman/female | 9 | 17.7 |
Cisgendered woman | 9 | 17.7 |
Man/male | 2 | 3.9 |
Cisgendered man | 2 | 3.9 |
Decline to respond | 1 | 1.9 |
“How would you describe your sexual orientation?” | ||
Bisexual/pansexual/omnisexual/queer | 35 | 68.6 |
Mostly heterosexualb | 7 | 13.7 |
Gay/lesbian/homosexual | 4 | 7.8 |
Straight/heterosexual | 3 | 5.9 |
Other | 1 | 1.9 |
Decline to respond | 1 | 1.9 |
Analysis
Results
Theme 1: Evidence Suggesting a Strong and Persistent Desire for CNM
(Interviewer: If you could briefly tell me how you came to be poly?) I don’t really know. It was sort of like, it was when I started having relationships with people, when I was a teenager. I kind of, I started that way. I feel like, as you do, like you’re in baby relationships as a teenager, and tend to like date lots of people simultaneously, or at least I did. And I never got into a monogamous relationship. I had people who wanted to, I just never wanted to be in one. So it wasn’t really something that I came to find, it was just something that I just was doing. And then I started to learn more about, oh, that’s like a way people have relationships, and I haven’t really even considered it before. (Interviewer: Interesting, so you were just kind of doing it by default.) By default. (Interviewer: On your own.) Uh-huh. (21)
I was (age: teenager), the person I was dating was interested in other people, and had called me and was really sad, and was like, I think that we should break up, and (I said) what if we just both saw other people, ‘cause we care about each other and we love each other a lot? And he was like, is that a thing that people do? It’s like, I don’t know; we can try it. And so that’s how it started. (Interviewer: Ok, and then you just stuck with that after that?) Yeah, yeah. I’ve been in one monogamous relationship, and it was terrible. (17)
Well in high school I was dating a lady, you know, a person in the same high school as me... And she used the words free love, kind of like, you date people and you all love each other and it’s great, and very like hippie style, and I was like, yes, this is right, this is correct. And that wasn’t the very first time I’d ever dated anyone, but it was definitely formative. And so you know, I dated her and I dated her girlfriend and we all dated this collection of people, and it was great.... And none of us knew this was a thing in the world. Like I didn’t think about whether it was a thing that other people might do. It was just what me and my people were doing. (20)
(Interviewer: So first question is just, briefly, how did you come to be polyamorous?) I had a guy I was dating introduce me to the concept and it kind of blew my mind, because a couple years before that, I was in love with two people and I didn’t know how to manage that. So I would break up with one and then start dating the other and realize I still loved the other one, I would break up with that one and go back. It was kind of painful. But in (year) I was introduced to the concept, and it changed my life. (41)
I was with a long-term partner, together for like (number of) years at that point. And I was like, basically in love with this (other) guy... And so friends started writing about this (nonmonogamy), I’m like, oh, this is ok. Like, you can, you can actually have multiple relationships. You don’t have to be monogamous. (Interviewer: Right. What did you think about that experience before you had heard that? Did you feel like you were doing something wrong or something?) I felt like my feelings were ok... but I thought it was, like, unacceptable to open it up to a physical relationship. (45)
(Interviewer: So briefly, how did you come to be poly?) Ah. For me it, finding this word was like finding the word bisexual. Less of a, oh what a great idea because I am politically and/or ethically and/or sexually aligned with it, I will embrace this; more like, oh finally, someone f*cking wrote down how I’ve always felt, right, like that’s how it felt for me.... and my experience of finding the framework and the language was primarily one of relief. (37)
I read the word (polyamory) in a book, and then I did what any good nerd would do, which is google the word I didn’t know, and I read the definition of polyamory, and it was like a little light bulb going off in my head, because it, it sort of suddenly gave me insight into a lot of experiences that I had had growing up that could not be explained by the monogamous paradigm that I’d grown up with.... I think I had sort of compartmentalized those experiences and put them in a little box and been like, ok well this is just a weird thing about me. And then I read the definition of polyamory, and it suddenly gave a name to all of those experiences, as like, oh, I am one of a category of people. I am not just a one-off. (29)
I don’t know, it’s very individual but the people I end up with, in my life, are those people who have like, cheated, ended monogamous relationships just ‘cause they were monogamous, which is me, right, like you know, go crazy with just one person. (23)
…I did it (nonmonogamy) before in the sense that I was dating someone, and… I made out with, extensively made out with some woman in (city) at (location) and I was really, I was so stoked about it, and when I came back to tell him, he was shocked, and he told me, that’s cheating. And I was like, but it didn’t feel like cheating. It felt really good. So, like, you mean I can’t do that? So that’s when I, the gears were grinding, in terms of like, having a relationship and then realizing some people don’t like it if I express myself with other people, so something wasn’t resonating with me about monogamy, but I didn’t really have the terminology for it. (42)
…even just the concept of cheating, to me, seems weird. Like if you meet someone, and they’re hot, and you want to have sex with them, have sex with them. Like what does that have to do with your relationship? I don’t get it. (24)
I really felt like I had to try monogamy, give it a real try. And I did and I failed and I was like, I don’t want to do that again.… my parents who were in an open relationship, their open relationship situation wasn’t awesome, like it didn’t develop into an awesome rapport later in life, so there was definitely some fear inside of me of like, that doesn’t work. Yeah. (Interviewer: So you had to experience just hating monogamy.) Yes. Really be like, this really doesn’t work, I’ve tried, I’ve put my best effort, I really did, I really was the best, people would come over to our house and they’d tell me, they’d be like, you’re the perfect girlfriend. Yeah. I really tried. And then I was like, yeah no. (01)
…my first like practical, quote unquote, (nonmonogamous) experience was super fraught, because the person I was dating.… she is not poly.... So that’s like, so that relationship, navigating that, of like, being poly but every time I expressed interest in anybody else we would break up for a week, like that was complicated.... But that first experience was definitely like, interestingly, I never questioned whether or not I was poly. I was like no this is, this is very much me, this feels like my skin. (37)
Ooh, I have never not been poly.... there has never, like there’s never actually been a time when I was like, this is the only thing, you know. (19)(Interviewer: So just opening up, I’m curious briefly how you came to be nonmonogamous.) I think I was born that way. You know, I really do. I think it’s, I’ve even used that example, like, being gay or something like that. You’re just, it’s just the way you’re wired, you know? (33)I’ve never really, as an adult, been interested in monogamy. Although sometimes I’ll end up functionally monogamous, as in during a pandemic, but that’s not really on purpose. And yeah, that’s, I’ve never really been interested in it. (51)…I never had a monogamous relationship partner, all of my relationships were nonmonogamous from the start.... And the first one, that was short.... But the second one was about (number of) months long and felt like, with (name), and felt like we were really doing it, you know. And that’s when it was like, oh yeah, I will never go, there’s no reason to do monogamy. (26)
Summary Regarding Participants Represented in Theme 1
Theme 2: Other Characteristics Commonly Described by Those with a Desire for CNM
I think that I’m just inclined to intimacy with lots of people.... I definitely seek out intimacy with my friendships, with my romantic entanglements, with partners. I’m a high-intimacy person, and there’s so many different kinds of people that it’s hard to imagine picking one. (29)
I don’t draw a huge distinction between partners and friends. So like, my best friends, in a sense, are partners to me. As a matter of fact, are partners to me, not just even “in a sense.”.... my best friend (name) definitely feels like a partner to me, definitely is a partner to me. (39)
And I don’t know whether my kind of omni, I just, every person is someone that I could love, and therefore someone I could be lovers with, is weird. I don’t know if I’m, you know, I mean lots and lots of people that I’ve talked to about it are like, oh I’m not usually lovers with my friends. And I’m like, why not? (40)
…going back to the historical issues of monogamy, I don’t want to feel like I have to fulfill everything for this one person forever. And so I don’t want to put that pressure on somebody, and I don’t want to feel like that’s put on me… (14)
I mean now, (number of) years in, I’m like, please, partners, get emotional support and intimacy from a diversity of people. That sounds wonderful. That sounds like me not having to do all the work. And also me not, I mean, I don’t have all the answers. I’m not all those people, I can’t provide every possible dimension of emotional intimacy that you might want. Why would we try? That seems absurd. And yet that’s a very popular contemporary concept with a lot of traction. (32)
I like the, I think a lot of times sex fades in a relationship. I like the idea of being able to not just have one, sex with one person. And that person not just having sex with me. It just kind of makes you really excited to be with that person, I think. Yeah, doesn’t feel like a monotony that you’re trying to avoid or settle with. (47)
…I would say to (partner)… you wouldn’t really want me monogamous, you know what I mean? There’s a lot of stress when somebody’s got a higher libido than you do, you know... once it gets to the point where like, ok I have had enough today. Well I haven’t, well somebody’s giving up, somebody’s, you know, somebody’s biting their tongue or somebody’s putting up with something, and who wants to make love to somebody who’s doing you a favor, you know? So it’s like, I got some more here. You’re busy? I’ll go over here and do something, you know what I mean? (33)
(Interviewer: …what do you like about nonmonogamy, and what do you get out of it?) Hm, I think both, an answer to both of those is like, freedom. I think it’s in lots of different directions, I think it’s freedom of expression, to, you know, express those feelings of love or affection if I develop them for people, and they are of a sexual nature, in ways that I don’t, that certainly wouldn’t be ok with monogamy… (50)
The thing that first drew me to nonmonogamy was the sense of authenticity and shared growth. I really liked feeling like relationships weren’t selfish or based around ownership, and feeling like the, you know, the purpose of relationships was to learn from each other and improve each other, not to control each other.... I think the core thing for me goes back to the not wanting to control another person, I think. Yeah, that for me I think is the most important, giving people the freedom to have authentic feelings and opinions and desires, and not have those artificially constrained by social norms or expectations. (12)
(number) grade was really full-on puberty to me, in my life. And I’ve always wanted to make what I now know of as erotic contact, but I never wanted to be the girl that went steady, or, I never wanted it to be that big a thing, that I couldn’t also be, have time for other connections. (44)
…I think a lot of us, at least me, and I think I’m not the only one, are like, trying to meet basic human need for tribe.... it’s almost like, like I would like to have a family, and a group of people who are like, moving through life together. And the best mechanism I have found in the actual world for that is metamours.... because I don’t want to go, like, join a monastery and you know, like there are other systems that do that, but they, I think they’re not for me. I like getting laid. (18)
My (relative) was an “other woman” in long-term relationships with married men.... and I was just like, the system doesn’t work. And these are people that I know and people that I care about and people that I love, and if good people are doing this thing that I was always taught was bad and wrong, then maybe the system is broken, and maybe it’s not that all of these people are evil and terrible, but maybe monogamy doesn’t work. So I was interested in another way, and if people are going to like each other outside of their relational agreements, maybe we could have different relational agreements... (26)
(in young adulthood) I read a lot of things. I read a lot of, or at least at the time I read a lot of philosophy, including existentialism. And I think that I, as I learned about romance myth especially, I really started going down a rabbit hole of like, well wait a minute, like why do we have, why do we make all these assumptions anyway? (04)
…it’s nice to kind of feel like, oh just because I’m in a relationship or like married to someone who’s of a particular gender identity, then that’s it, like oh I can only ever f*ck this person now. I’m still queer, but can’t do anything about it… (16)
I was also, felt very, well I mean, pansexual didn’t exist, I felt, I guess, just very bisexual, and so that didn’t seem to fit in with the monogamous structure, so I needed to figure that out. And then also I felt very androgynous.... And so I didn’t seem to fit in with any of the, any of these, you know, expectations, social and cultural expectations that I grew up with in the (country) here. (14)
(Interviewer: …what do you like about nonmonogamy, and what do you get out of it?) ....I think it’s kind of helped me figure out like gender and ways in which that’s different for me with different people, and has given me opportunities to meet people who, you know, and form connections that let me explore that, that I wouldn’t have done if I was only staying with one person for the whole time. (50)
It wasn’t like I opened up a monogamous relationship or anything. I just like, left college and moved into a culture where monogamy wasn’t a thing that anybody was doing.... when I got like kinky and queer, nonmonogamy kind of came with that territory. Yeah, when I got like kinky, queer, and slutty. That sort of all went together. (Interviewer: And you found that to be really normative in the communities you were in.) Absolutely, yeah. (18)…I did a whole bunch of research and I found out that before colonization, you know, before the European invasion of my people, polyamory was actually a more common form of relationship than monogamy.... So that’s how I really really got into the polyamorous kind of identity…. So I think when we think about polyamory and monogamy, we’re used to thinking (about) it from a Western, European context… as opposed to a decolonized, (ethnicity) context where it’s like, it’s a way of being, it’s a life, you know, it’s a way of raising kids, it’s a way of forming our society, it’s an integral part of who we are. (48)(Interviewer: So the first question here is just briefly I’m interested in how you came to be nonmonogamous.) Yeah, I, that’s weird, like I feel like I came up in a community of people where that was more common, or expected, than not. And it was just sort of like, oh yeah, like this makes, like it just made sense to me in terms of how I viewed sexuality and my attraction to people. And so I think I sort of just stumbled upon it and was like, oh, that works for me. (15)