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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Tuareg Separatism in Mali and Niger

verfasst von : Baz Lecocq, Georg Klute

Erschienen in: Secessionism in African Politics

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter provides a contextualized overview of Tuareg separatism and the violence that has accompanied it in Mali. The chapter sketches key episodes and developments in the conflict between the Malian state and Tuareg separatist nationalists and outlines Tuareg political goals and internal dynamics. The chapter examines the impact on Tuareg separatism of the presence of international Jihadi-Salafist movements in the region and the resulting intrusion of the so-called War on Terror (Overseas Contingency Operations) during the past decade.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Shifting Grounds for African Secessionism?

Nächstes Kapitel Anglophone Secessionist Movements in Cameroon

Ibn Hauqal (1964).

Klute (2013a) and Lecocq (2004).

Bernus (1981) and Nicolaisen and Nicolaisen (1997).

Olivier de Sardan (1976)

Berge (2000).

Grémont (2010) and Triaud (1993).

Aouad-Badoual (1993).

Blanguernon (1983).

Clauzel (1992, 1963), Henry (1996), Lecocq (2010) and Hall (2011).

Lecocq (2003).

Correale (2009) and Lecocq (2010). See also Porges (2018) in this volume.

Badi (2010).

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Lecocq (2010) and Hall (2011).

Lecocq (2010) and Boilley (1993, 1995).

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Lecocq (2010).

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Klute (2013a).

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A similar name for an independent land, Azawagh, which essentially means the same as Azawad, was adopted by Tuareg movements in Niger in the 1990s. This topographical indicator––the word essentially means “prairie” or “steppe”––would become a strong issue between Tuareg nationalists and Malian patriots. Leo Africanus’ Description of Africa (1550) already indicates the Timbuktu region as Azawad, and from his description, the name found its way to European maps of the late sixteenth century. Yet most Malian patriots deny the term any historical validity and maintain that the only name the region has historically been known under is as part of the Malian empire.

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Lecocq (2010).

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The Arabic name of the movement, at-Tanzîm al-Qâeda fi Bilâd al-Maghreb al-Islâmiyya is generally translated as al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, abbreviated as AQIM. The correct translation would be The al-Qaeda Chapter in the Islamic Lands of the West. Translating al-Maghreb to “The West,” referring to both North Africa and Western Europe, would do more justice to the global intentions of this movement.

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See also Schomerus and de Vries (2018) in this volume.

This was the reasoning of Ahmeyede Ag Ilkamassene, one of MNA’s leading figures, in an article published in its press release website Toumast Press on 23 December 2011 “Azawad, it’s now or never!” [http://toumastpress.com/autres/analyse/196-azawad-maintenant-ou-jamais.html; last accessed November 27, 2012].

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No formal statement of this kind has of course ever been issued, but anonymous French diplomats at the EU confirmed so much to one of the authors as well as to some other colleagues.

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Accord Préliminaire a l’élection présidentielle et aux pourparlers inclusifs de paix au Mali. Ouagadougou June 2013.

See Klute (2013b), where global actors in the region, their objectives and ideologies are discussed in more detail.

For example, Bøås and Torheim (2013).

Despite long months of negotiations in Algiers between the Malian government and movements fighting for independence or autonomy of Northern Mali, they failed to conclude a peace agreement. Under the pressure of the international community, the Malian government and militias of the “platform” loyal to the government’s cause then signed a peace agreement in May 2015, which the movements struggling for independence joined one month later. [http://www.aps.dz/monde/24902-la-signature-de-l-accord-d-alger-par-la-cma-fortement-salu%C3%A9e-%C3%A0-bamako,-hommage-%C3%A0-l-alg%C3%A9rie].

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Titel: Tuareg Separatism in Mali and Niger
verfasst von: Baz Lecocq
Georg Klute
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Secessionism in African Politics
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90205-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-90206-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90206-7_2

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