Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Introduction and Summary Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. Unemployment, Environmental Policy, and International Migration

verfasst von : Kenji Kondoh

Erschienen in: The Economics of International Immigration

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Among the serious economic problems faced by developed countries like Japan, decreasing population and unemployment are the most difficult to deal with. One of the reasons is that these two phenomena are supposedly contradictory—a decreasing population usually implies a shortage of workers. In Japan, temporary economic recession generates a large number of unemployed persons—as many as 3.67 million as of September 2009 and around 1 million more than the October 2008 figures. The working-age population of Japan has been decreasing since 1995, and it has become necessary to introduce foreign workers to sustain long-term economic performance. However, recent economic conditions have diverted attention from this impending issue to the pressing problem of how to supply enough job opportunities to domestic labor.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Pollution Abatement Equipment and International Migration
Nächstes Kapitel Renewable Resources, Environmental Pollution, and International Migration
Fußnoten
1
The Harris–Todaro framework has been utilized extensively in development and trade literature. See, for example, Bhagwati and Srinivasan (1974), Khan (1982), Neary (1981), Beladi and Marjit (1996), Yabuuchi (1993), Gupta (1995), Chao and Yu (1996), Basu (2000), Marjit and Beladi (2003), and Beladi and Yabuuchi (2010).
 
2
Usually, the Harris–Todaro setting is applied to developing countries. In Japan, the unemployment rate in urban areas is not always higher than that in rural areas, and workers are not always unionized in urban areas. However, except for Hokkaido and Okinawa, the location of which is quite inconvenient for domestic migration; the unemployment rate in the Osaka region, the second largest urban area, has been the highest. Moreover, the lifelong income of an urban worker who is employed by a unionized large firm would be higher than that of a rural worker engaged in the agricultural or fishing industry. Therefore, we believe that the Harris–Todaro setting might be valid even in developed countries like Japan.
 
3
It might be necessary to remark that, from (10.20) and (10.21), we can easily derive (10.12). Usually, the government determines the tax rate t to maximize social utility, U. However, in our analysis, because of strong resistance by the manufacturing industry, we assume that the tax rate is lower than the optimal level and exogenously given. Moreover, to satisfy (10.23), we implicitly assume λ − μD > 0.
 
Literatur
Abe, K., & Sugiyama, Y. (2010). The environmental industry, environmental policies, and international trade. The International Economy, 14, 77–94.
Basu, K. (2000). Rural-urban migration, urban unemployment and the structural transformation of a dual economy. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 9, 137–149.CrossRef
Beladi, H., & Marjit, S. (1996). An analysis of rural-urban migration and protection. Canadian Journal of Economics, 29, 930–940.CrossRef
Beladi, H., & Yabuuchi, S. (2010). Equity control of multinational firms: Effects on resource allocation and national income. Review of Development Economics, 14, 93–102.CrossRef
Bhagwati, J. N., & Srinivasan, T. N. (1974). On reanalyzing the Harris-Todaro model: Policy rankings in the case of sector-specific sticky wages. American Economic Review, 64, 502–508.
Chao, C. C., & Yu, E. S. H. (1996). International capital mobility, urban unemployment and welfare. Southern Economic Journal, 62, 486–492.CrossRef
Chao, C. C., Kerkvliet, J. R., & Yu, E. S. H. (2000). Environmental preservation, sectoral unemployment, and trade in resources. Review of Development Economics, 4, 39–50.CrossRef
Chua, S. (2003). Does tighter environmental policy lead to a comparative advantage in less polluting goods? Oxford Economic Papers, 55, 25–35.CrossRef
Copeland, B. R. (1991). International trade in waste products in the presence of illegal disposal. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 20, 143–162.CrossRef
Copeland, B. R., & Taylor, S. (1999). Trade, spatial separation and the environment. Journal of International Economics, 47, 137–168.CrossRef
Gupta, R. (1995). Tax on foreign capital income and wage subsidy to the urban sector in the Harris-Todaro model. Journal of Development Economics, 47, 469–479.CrossRef
Harris, J. R., & Todaro, M. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: A two-sector analysis. American Economic Review, 60, 126–142.
Khan, M. A. (1982). Tariffs, foreign capital and immiserizing growth with urban unemployment and specific factors of production. Journal of Development Economics, 10, 245–256.CrossRef
Kondoh, K. (2006). Trans-boundary pollution and international migration. Review of International Economics, 14, 248–260.CrossRef
Kondoh, K. (2007). Trans-boundary pollution and brain drain migration. Review of Development Economics, 11, 333–345.CrossRef
Kondoh, K. (2009). Pollution abatement equipment and international migration. Asia Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics, 16, 285–296.CrossRef
Kondoh, K., & Yabuuchi, S. (2012). Unemployment, environmental policy, and international migration. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 21, 677–690.CrossRef
Marjit, S., & Beladi, H. (2003). Possibility or impossibility of paradoxes in the small country Harris-Todaro framework: A unified analysis. Journal of Developing Economics, 72, 379–385.CrossRef
Merrifield, H. D. (1988). The impact of selected abatement strategies on transnational pollution, the terms of trade, and factor rewards: A general equilibrium approach. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 15, 259–284.CrossRef
Neary, J. P. (1981). On the Harris-Todaro model with intersectoral capital mobility. Economica, 55, 219–234.CrossRef
Sugiyama, Y. (2003). Emission tax, subsidy to input of the pollution abatement equipment and international trade. The International Economy, 8, 57–76.
Tawada, M. (2007). On the Harris-Todaro paradoxes in an environmental issue. The Journal of Economics in Kwansei Gakuin University, 60–3, 1–14.
Yabuuchi, S. (1993). Urban unemployment, international capital mobility, and development policy. Journal of Development Economics, 41, 399–403.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Unemployment, Environmental Policy, and International Migration
verfasst von
Kenji Kondoh
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Buch
The Economics of International Immigration

Print ISBN: 978-981-10-0091-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-0092-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0092-8_10