1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Immigration in Canada
2.2 Site Context
2.3 Sense of Place
3 Methods
3.1 Data Summary
(n = 1,132) | Immigrant status | Gender | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canadian-born | Immigrant | Male | Female | |||||||
(n) | (%) | (n) | (%) | (n) | (%) | (n) | (%) | (n) | (%) | |
Charlottetown | 191 | 85.65 | 32 | 14.35 | 99 | 44.39 | 124 | 55.61 | 223 | 19.70 |
Hamilton | 351 | 67.11 | 172 | 32.89 | 226 | 43.21 | 297 | 56.79 | 523 | 46.20 |
Saskatoon | 305 | 79.02 | 81 | 20.98 | 203 | 52.59 | 183 | 47.41 | 386 | 34.10 |
Total | 847 | 74.82 | 285 | 25.18 | 528 | 46.64 | 604 | 53.36 | 1,132 | 100.00 |
The following statements and questions have to do with your feelings about your neighbourhood. For each, indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree.
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D1. My neighbourhood means a great deal to me.
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1 (Strongly agree) | 2 (Agree) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Disagree) | 5 (Strongly disagree) |
D2. There’s no other neighbourhood I would rather live.
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1 (Strongly agree) | 2 (Agree) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Disagree) | 5 (Strongly disagree) |
D3. I feel at home in my neighbourhood.
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1 (Strongly agree) | 2 (Agree) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Disagree) | 5 (Strongly disagree) |
D4. There are people in my neighbourhood who I think of as close friends.
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1 (Strongly agree) | 2 (Agree) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Disagree) | 5 (Strongly disagree) |
D5. I would like to stay in my neighbourhood as long as my health allows me to do so.
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1 (Strongly agree) | 2 (Agree) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Disagree) | 5 (Strongly disagree) |
D6. Green space availability in my neighbourhood positively influences my health.
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1 (Strongly agree) | 2 (Agree) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Disagree) | 5 (Strongly disagree) |
D7. Environmental problems in my neighbourhood (e.g. air pollution, run-down buildings) negatively influence my health.
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1 (Strongly agree) | 2 (Agree) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Disagree) | 5 (Strongly disagree) |
D8. Social problems in my neighbourhood (e.g. racism, violence) negatively influence my health.
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1 (Strongly agree) | 2 (Agree) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Disagree) | 5 (Strongly disagree) |
D9. The personal safety of myself and my family in my neighbourhood negatively affects my health
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1 (Strongly agree) | 2 (Agree) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Disagree) | 5 (Strongly disagree) |
How true are the following two statements?
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D10. I know many of my neighbours on a first name basis.
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1 (Very true) | 2 (Fairly true) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Not very true) | 5 (Not at all true) |
D11. If I were to live somewhere else, it would be difficult to move away from my neighbourhood.
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1 (Very true) | 2 (Fairly true) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Not very true) | 5 (Not at all true) |
I would like to ask you several more questions on how you feel about your neighbourhood.
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D13. How rooted do you feel in your neighbourhood?
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1 (Very rooted) | 2 (Fairly rooted) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Not very rooted) | 5 (Not at all rooted) |
D14. How connected do you feel to your neighbourhood?
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1 (Very connected) | 2 (Fairly connected) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Not very connected) | 5 (Not at all connected) |
D15. How much do you like your neighbourhood?
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1 (A great deal) | 2 (A fair amount) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Not very much) | 5 (Not at all) |
D16. How often do you participate in social activities with your neighbours (e.g. barbeques, coffee dates, etc.)
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1 (All the time) | 2 (Often) | 3 (Sometimes) | 4 (Hardly ever) | 5 (Never) |
D17. If you had to leave your neighbourhood, how many of your neighbours would you miss?
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1 (Many of them) | 2 (Some of them) | 3 (Neutral) | 4 (Hardly any of them) | 5 (None of them) |
3.2 Analysis
Z-score | Sense of place |
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Z ≥ 1 | High |
<1 Z > 0 | Above average |
<0 Z > −1 | Below average |
Z ≤ −1 | Low |
4 Results
Variable | Odds ratio | 95 % CI |
---|---|---|
Immigrant status (ref = Immigrant) | ||
Canadian-born | 0.836 | 0.626–1.116 |
City of residence (ref = Saskatoon) | ||
Charlottetown | 0.752* | 0.552–1.025 |
Hamilton | 1.569** | 1.212–2.032 |
Length of residence in Canada (ref = 10 + years) | ||
<1 year | 0.752 | 0.267–2.117 |
1–5 year(s) | 0.908 | 0.456–1.809 |
6–10 years | 0.794 | 0.343–1.840 |
Income (ref = $100,000+) | ||
<$20,000 | 2.230** | 1.522-3.268 |
$20,000–$39,999 | 1.867** | 1.283–2.716 |
$40,000–$59,999 | 1.710** | 1.212–2.413 |
$60,000–$79,999 | 1.408* | 0.980–2.022 |
$80,000–$99,999 | 1.580** | 1.050–2.380 |
Age (ref = 75+) | ||
18–24 | 2.196** | 1.252–3.853 |
25–34 | 3.441** | 2.076–5.703 |
35–44 | 2.281** | 1.418–3.670 |
45–54 | 2.638** | 1.693–4.111 |
55–64 | 1.689** | 1.078–2.645 |
65–74 | 0.956 | 0.585–1.562 |
Neighbourhood length of residence (ref = 10 + years) | ||
<1 year | 3.345** | 2.001–5.590 |
1–5 year(s) | 2.231** | 1.644–3.029 |
6–10 years | 1.748** | 1.295–2.360 |