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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. Veränderungen im Genom: Mutationen

verfasst von : Jochen Graw

Erschienen in: Genetik

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Zusammenfassung

Ausgangspunkt aller Erkenntnisse über die Regeln und die molekularen Mechanismen der Vererbung sowie über die Umsetzung von erblicher Information in Stoffwechselfunktionen ist die Variabilität von Merkmalen. Diese Variabilität erst gestattet es uns, bestimmte biologische Eigenschaften und Prozesse auf ihre Ursachen hin zu untersuchen.

Biologische Variabilität dient aber nicht nur als eine Grundlage für die experimentelle Erforschung von Erbvorgängen. Sie bietet vielmehr die Voraussetzungen für die Evolution der Organismen. Sie ist somit ein grundlegender und unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der Natur. Es ist daher nicht verwunderlich, dass Mechanismen, die Veränderungen des genetischen Materials verursachen, also Variabilität erzeugen, zu den fundamentalen Genomfunktionen von Organismen gehören. So werden während der Replikation des genetischen Materials mit einer bestimmten Häufigkeit Fehler induziert. Außerdem kann es zu spontanen Basenveränderungen durch die chemische Instabilität einiger Nukleotide kommen, oder es treten Fehler im Zusammenhang mit Rekombinationsvorgängen auf. Neben solchen und anderen endogenen Mutationsmechanismen können Veränderungen aber auch von außen her induziert werden, so insbesondere durch natürliche oder technisch hergestellte energiereiche Strahlung sowie durch chemische Stoffe.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Instabilität, Flexibilität und Variabilität des Genoms

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Titel: Veränderungen im Genom: Mutationen
verfasst von: Jochen Graw
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Genetik
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-60908-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-60909-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60909-5_10

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