Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
ATZ-Fachkongress

Chassis.tech plus 2024


4 Kongresse in einer Veranstaltung

Treffen Sie in München die Fachleute von Chassis, Lenkung, Bremsen sowie Reifen/Räder.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben

2014 | Buch

A Bird’s Eye View of the Greek Water Situation: The Potential for the Implementation of the EU WFD Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Water Resources Management Sustaining Socio-Economic Welfare

The Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive in Asopos River Basin in Greece

herausgegeben von: Phoebe Koundouri, Nikos A. Papandreou

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buchreihe : Global Issues in Water Policy

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten
insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

The aim of this book is to offer a river-basin management plan which is directly implementable and consistent with the European Union -Water Framework Directive (EU WFD).The contributors, who are leading world experts in their respective fields, develop an integrated water resources management plan for the Asopos river basin in Greece which is economically efficient, socially equitable and environmentally sustainable. The program offers explicit technical and investment solutions, socioeconomic and legal instruments and recommendations for institutional restructuring. The introductory chapter describes the water situation in Greece and assesses the potential of timely implementation of the EU WFD. Special emphasis is given to the cost-recovery principle. Chapter 2 introduces the case study area highlighting the particular pressures and impacts as well as the environmental functions and values of Asopos River and Oropos Lagoon. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on the economic characterisation of Asopos River Basin in order to identify the economic sectors and social groups that will bear the cost and benefits of the implementation of the EU WFD. In particular, Chapter 3 presents the main water uses and pricing for water supply in the industrial and the agricultural sectors. Chapter 4 completes the baseline appraisal, presenting the details of water use by the residential and touristic sectors. The following chapters assess valuation and decision-making tools from a range of perspectives, including agricultural needs, valuing the impacts of industrial activity, the costs and benefits of environmental preservation and management. The water resources management plan is presented in Chapter 9; the concluding chapter offers recommendations on institutional changes and presents the lessons learned as resources applicable to other river basins in Greece and elsewhere. The book applies state-of-the art market and non-market valuation methods to estimate water demands in the residential, industrial, agricultural, tourism, environmental and health sectors and to balance these, over time and space, with water supply. Given the well-known challenge of managing natural resources in a way that maximizes and sustains social welfare, this book will provide an invaluable point of reference for applied researchers and policy makers working in water resources management.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. A Bird’s Eye View of the Greek Water Situation: The Potential for the Implementation of the EU WFD
Abstract
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) was formulated for addressing the weaknesses of the previous water-related directives. The main steps that WFD involves could be summarized in the setting of ecological standards, the identification of anthropogenic pressures and the adoption of corrective measures. This introductory chapter describes the water situation in Greece and assesses the potential of the timely implementation of the European Union’s (EU) WFD. In this context, the significance of Asopos River Basin (RB) is put into perspective. More analytically, the chapter presents: (a) the employed methodology that enables rapid assessment of the status quo of the water situation in each Greek catchment, as compared to the requirements and targets of the EU WFD, (b) the implementation of this methodology on each of the 14 Greek River Basin Districts (RBDs) and (c) relevant empirical results. The main objective of the chapter is to present the rapid-appraisal methodology that was developed for the estimation of the cost-recovery level for water services in the 14 Greek RBDs. Results from this ‘quick appraisal’ clearly highlight the need for reforms in the current pricing policy and preparation of a package of measures, as proposed in Chaps. 9 and 10, in order for the water bodies to reach good ecological status and the water management to ensure full recovery of the cost of water services as required under article 11 of the WFD.
P. Koundouri, N. Papandreou, K. Remoundou, Y. Kountouris
Chapter 2. Introducing the Case Study, the Asopos River Basin in Greece
Abstract
The case study area is presented in this chapter. The study area comprises the river and estuary of Asopos and the lagoon of Oropos northeast of Attica. Along the Asopos river human activities, mainly agriculture and industrial take place. Industrial and agricultural effluents pollute the river, the aquifers and the soils of the area, making it a negative example of the impacts to humans and environment that arise from non sustainable use of natural resources. The chapter starts by presenting the geographical distribution of the river system and the water bodies of the catchment. The chapter presents also a review of the related legislation that has contributed to its current situation. Then the current water status of the catchment is described, while the pressures and related impacts in the catchment are examined. Afterwards the focus is on the social and environmental functions and values of Asopos River and Oropos Lagoon. Identifying the main social, economic and environmental impacts of degradation in the area provides the background for the analysis that follows in the subsequent chapters.
P. Koundouri, N. Papandreou, M. Stithou, A. Mousoulides, Y. Anastasiou, M. Mousoulidou, A. Antypas, T. Mavrogiorgis, K. Vasiliou
Chapter 3. The Economic Characterization of Asopos River Basin
Abstract
This chapter puts the emphasis on the economic characterization of Asopos River Basin (RB) in order to identify the members of the society that will bear the cost of improvements and will benefit from its implementation. Following the first step of Directive’s implementation, requiring the economic characterization of the river basin, there is the need to evaluate the economic significance of water in the region, identify key economic drivers influencing pressures and water uses, examine how these economic drivers will evolve over time and will influence pressures and how will water demand and supply evolve over time. Hence, an important objective of this chapter is to identify the economic significance of water uses, focusing on Asopos experience, considering primarily industrial and agricultural uses since residential and tourist related uses are the focus of Chap.​ 4.
P. Koundouri, N. Papandreou, M. Stithou, A. Mousoulides, Y. Anastasiou, M. Mousoulidou, A. Antypas, I. Souliotis, T. Mavrogiorgis, K. Vasiliou
Chapter 4. Simulating Residential Water Demand and Water Pricing Issues
Abstract
This chapter aims to simulate residential water demand in order to explore the importance of water for residential use. In addition, data on the water cost of supplying water in the residents of Asopos area from local distributors were collected. In order to capture the importance of water use specific parameters are examined and are used as indexes of water use. Some of these indexes are the population of the catchment, the number of households connected to the public water distribution system, m3 of water consumption per year to cover household needs etc. The chapter closes with recommendations for designing and applying a program of measures for the efficient water resources management as described by Article 11 of Water Framework Directive (WFD).
P. Koundouri, M. Stithou, P. Melissourgos
Chapter 5. An Econometric Analysis of Agricultural Production, Focusing on the Shadow Price of Groundwater: Policies Towards Socio-Economic Sustainability
Abstract
The focus of this chapter is on the agricultural sector in the Asopos catchment as it has a significant impact on the status of water in the area. In particular, the aim of the chapter is to estimate the farmers’ valuation of groundwater’s shadow price for the region of Asopos. In order to achieve that, an agricultural micro-economic data-set from the catchment has been collected through the use of a detailed agricultural questionnaire. As it will be explained in the chapter, the questionnaire focuses on collecting information regarding cultivations, production structures and use of groundwater for irrigation. The objective of the micro-econometric analysis is to uncover patterns of groundwater use and farm efficiency. The chapter presents the derived estimates that make possible the analysis of the impact of different economic policies, – which will be used for the implementation of an optimal, sustainable and integrated water policy – on farmers’ profits and social welfare. The chapter finishes with policy recommendations based on the principle of socio-economic sustainability that assures both economic efficiency of farms and concludes with the estimation of groundwater for irrigation shadow price and how this can be used in the design of pumping taxes to reduce pollution and to increase farms efficiency.
P. Koundouri, O. G. Dávila, Y. Anastasiou, A. Antypas, T. Mavrogiorgis, A. Mousoulides, M. Mousoulidou, K. Vasiliou
Chapter 6. A Choice Experiment for the Estimation of the Economic Value of the River Ecosystem: Management Policies for Sustaining NATURA (2000) Species and the Coastal Environment
Abstract
The valuation method of Choice Experiments (CEs) is often used for the economic valuation of natural areas with several nonmarket features that are either degraded or under-degradation. This method can be used to obtain estimates of Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) for the sustainability of several features of natural ecosystems. In particular, the CE method is a survey-based nonmarket valuation technique which can be used to estimate the total economic value of an environmental good in the form of a stock or a service flow as well as the value of its component attributes. Particularly, the bundle of improvements that have been valued in the Asopos water catchment and presented in this chapter is a mixture of use and non-use values. These include: (a) environmental conditions described in terms of ecological status in all water bodies of the catchment, (b) impact on the local economy in terms of tourism/recreation, demand for local production and cost of living for households and (c) impact on human health described as availability of water with a quality and quantity sufficient for satisfying different local uses. It should be also noted that the survey has been administered in samples of respondents from both the Asopos catchment area (more rural) and the Athens area (more urban), since there is the belief that residents of the Asopos River Basin (RB) are not the only ones who would benefit from the environmental improvements taking place in Asopos area. From a broader policy perspective the goal is to derive estimates of values to inform a cost-effectiveness analysis for the determination of the optimal program of measures as suggested in the content of Article 11 of Water Framework Directive (WFD).
P. Koundouri, R. Scarpa, M. Stithou
Chapter 7. A Value Transfer Approach for the Economic Estimation of Industrial Pollution: Policy Recommendations
Abstract
In order to make possible an economic estimation of industrial pollution, which is one of the main polluters in the Asopos River Basin (RB), another method that of Benefit Transfer (BT) was applied and is presented in this chapter. The fact that gathering primary site-specific data is costly and time-consuming has made BT a more and more popular alternative for the valuation of ecosystem goods and services and it offers a considerable potential in the light of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation. In a broad sense, BT method uses existing economic value estimates from one location to another similar site in another location. In this context, the objective of this chapter is to present an empirical application of the methodology of transfer value. A number of valuation studies in the European territory that have explored the impact of industry on water degradation are reviewed in order for a suitable ‘match’ to be made between the Asopos RB and a suitable existing valuation study from which to source economic value information and hence perform the valuation exercise. The chapter closes with conclusions and recommendations for policy design.
P. Koundouri, N. Papandreou, M. Stithou, O. G. Dávila
Chapter 8. A Laboratory Experiment for the Estimation of Health Risks: Policy Recommendations
Abstract
Environmental health hazards in Asopos River Basin (RB) rise concerns on health risk not only for the residents of the catchment but also for the consumers of the area’s products across the country. As a result, the focus of this chapter is on the estimation of theses health risks. In order to assess the social cost from consuming products produced in an area where water resources are not in good condition a lab experimental auction has been conducted. According to the details of the experiment presented at the beginning of the chapter all participants were asked to bid to exchange a product from region A (the polluted one) with a similar product from a region in a good ecological status (in the terminology of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD)), region B. After the presentation of the employed methodology econometric analysis was conducted. The output of this analysis is an average Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) for the specific sample of consumers. WTP represents the maximum amount of money a person would be willing to pay in order to receive a good or avoid an undesired impact. The chapter concludes with policy recommendations and suggests that unless an epidemiology study confirms the health hazards from consuming agricultural products cultivated in the area of Asopos (area similar to the characteristics of region A), the estimated amount is a net cost suffered by the local farmers and compensation measures have to be adopted.
A. Drichoutis, P. Koundouri, K. Remoundou
Chapter 9. An Economically Efficient, Environmentally Sustainable and Socially Equitable Decision Support System for Asopos River Basin: A Manual of Measures
Abstract
This Chapter focuses on the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) for Asopos River Basin (RB) in order to achieve the holistic management of water resources and their ecosystems in the catchment area. As a result, the final output of this application is to identify measures that will contribute to the restoration of the ecosystem in Asopos River. The chapter at a first stage introduces the steps involved in the development of the DSS. Then the deliverables of this process are reported. Important components of the DSS include the gathering of available studies in the area, creation of a database of meteorological and hydrological parameters in the area, estimation in space and time of the parameters of the hydrological table and identification of pressures related to water resources in the area. Further components include the valuation of functions in the catchment, building of different scenarios conditional on changes on precipitation, temperature and water use, estimation in space and time of changes on the parameters of the hydrological table and pressures under the different scenarios. Finally, the DSS suggests measures for the economically efficient, environmentally sustainable and socially equal management of the basin. The considered measures involve among others a number of economic instruments such as standards and quotas, water abstraction taxes, pollution taxes, subsidies, tradable permits, voluntary agreements and liability legislation. It is expected that these instruments can provide the appropriate incentives for efficient water resources management.
C. Doulgeris, S. Katsavouni, D. Papadimos
Chapter 10. Creating the Institutional Background to Support the Implementation of the Policy Manual
Abstract
Following Water Framework Directive’s (WFD) implementation a national water policy that provides the institutional background to achieve the goals of the suggested policy is required. This Chapter emphasizes on the issues of water policy that should be addressed and provides reform options that could lead to the sustainable use of water resources. Efficient use of water is an important issue in Europe; however poor governance seems to hinder effectiveness of the designed policies. After a review of the Greek experience with water reforms, the “state oriented” regime in Greece is presented along with the legislative frame and institutions that it entails. Then institutional improvements are discussed. In particular, the institutional reforms move away from water policies that favor fragmentation and lack of coordination among the involved actors in the decision making process. These reforms also embrace and promote the growing concerns on environmental aspects and “sustainable” water management suggesting integrated approaches. In the suggested framework of action the transfer of competencies from the state to the utility and to other actors, induced by the WFD, makes more imperative the existence and enforcement of a legislative and administrative framework that could accelerate the co-operation among the involved parties. The chapter closes with commenting on how the case of Asopos is related to the other Greek basins that are at risk of failing to meet WFD’s obligations.
P. Koundouri, N. Papandreou, M. Stithou, O. G. Dávila
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Water Resources Management Sustaining Socio-Economic Welfare
herausgegeben von
Phoebe Koundouri
Nikos A. Papandreou
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Electronic ISBN
978-94-007-7636-4
Print ISBN
978-94-007-7635-7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7636-4

Premium Partner

    Bildnachweise