Skip to main content

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

11. Whale and Dolphin Watching, and Visitors’ Experiential Responses: A Qualitative Study on Comments in a Travel Forum

verfasst von : Serhat Harman, S. Emre Dilek

Erschienen in: Wildlife Tourism, Environmental Learning and Ethical Encounters

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter will consider the history of whale and dolphin watching as a tourism activity, based on visitors’ experiences. The analysis was based on 468 visitors’ comments on a familiar travel forum under the four categories developed in Ballantyne, Packer and Sutherland’s research in (Tourism Management 32(4):770–779, 2011b). These categories are sensory impressions, emotional affinity, reflective response, and behavioural response. The comments were analysed using a content analysis method. It was found that the behavioural response dimension reported by visitors was lower than the other experience dimensions. The study concluded with some suggestions for both business owners and wildlife tourism researchers.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
“Cetacean” comes from the Latin “cetus” (whale) and Greek “ketos” (huge-fish) and, particularly in the literature, refers to whales and dolphins (O’Neill et al. 2004; Filby et al. 2015; Higham et al. 2016).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Altinay L, Paraskevas A (2008) Planning research in hospitality and tourism. Elsevier, Burlington, MA Altinay L, Paraskevas A (2008) Planning research in hospitality and tourism. Elsevier, Burlington, MA
Zurück zum Zitat Argüelles MB, Coscarella M, Fazia A, Bertellotti M (2016) Impact of whale watching on the short-term behaviour of Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in Patagonia, Argentina. Tourism Manage Perspect 18:118–124CrossRef Argüelles MB, Coscarella M, Fazia A, Bertellotti M (2016) Impact of whale watching on the short-term behaviour of Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in Patagonia, Argentina. Tourism Manage Perspect 18:118–124CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ballantyne R, Packer J, Hughes K, Dierking L (2007) Conservation learning in wildlife tourism settings: lessons from research in zoos and aquariums. Environ Educ Res 13(3):367–383CrossRef Ballantyne R, Packer J, Hughes K, Dierking L (2007) Conservation learning in wildlife tourism settings: lessons from research in zoos and aquariums. Environ Educ Res 13(3):367–383CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ballantyne R, Packer J, Falk J (2011a) Visitors’ learning for environmental sustainability: testing short-and long-term impacts of wildlife tourism experiences using structural equation modelling. Tourism Manage 32(6):1243–1252CrossRef Ballantyne R, Packer J, Falk J (2011a) Visitors’ learning for environmental sustainability: testing short-and long-term impacts of wildlife tourism experiences using structural equation modelling. Tourism Manage 32(6):1243–1252CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ballantyne R, Packer J, Sutherland LA (2011b) Visitors’ memories of wildlife tourism: implications for design of powerful interpretive experiences. Tourism Manage 32(4):770–779CrossRef Ballantyne R, Packer J, Sutherland LA (2011b) Visitors’ memories of wildlife tourism: implications for design of powerful interpretive experiences. Tourism Manage 32(4):770–779CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Beardsworth A, Bryman A (2001) The wild animal in late modernity: the case of the disneyization of zoos. Tourism Stud 1(1):83–104CrossRef Beardsworth A, Bryman A (2001) The wild animal in late modernity: the case of the disneyization of zoos. Tourism Stud 1(1):83–104CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bullbeck C (1999) The ‘nature dispositions’ of visitors to animal encounter sites in Australia and New Zealand. J Soc 35(2):129–148CrossRef Bullbeck C (1999) The ‘nature dispositions’ of visitors to animal encounter sites in Australia and New Zealand. J Soc 35(2):129–148CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Buultjens J, Ratnayke I, Gnanapala A (2016) Whale watching in Sri Lanka: perceptions of sustainability. Tourism Manage Perspect 18:125–133CrossRef Buultjens J, Ratnayke I, Gnanapala A (2016) Whale watching in Sri Lanka: perceptions of sustainability. Tourism Manage Perspect 18:125–133CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen CL (2011) From catching to watching: moving towards quality assurance of whale/dolphin watching tourism in Taiwan. Mar Policy 35(1):10–17CrossRef Chen CL (2011) From catching to watching: moving towards quality assurance of whale/dolphin watching tourism in Taiwan. Mar Policy 35(1):10–17CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen JS, Kerstetter DL, Graefe AR (2001) Tourists’ reasons for visiting industrial heritage sites. J Hosp Leisure Mark 8(1/2):19–32CrossRef Chen JS, Kerstetter DL, Graefe AR (2001) Tourists’ reasons for visiting industrial heritage sites. J Hosp Leisure Mark 8(1/2):19–32CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen A, Needham MD, Rowe S (2009) Whale watchers’ past experience, value orientations, and awareness of consequences of actions on the marine environment. Tourism Mar Environ 5(4):271–285CrossRef Christensen A, Needham MD, Rowe S (2009) Whale watchers’ past experience, value orientations, and awareness of consequences of actions on the marine environment. Tourism Mar Environ 5(4):271–285CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cisneros-Montemayor AM, Sumaila UR, Kaschner K, Pauly D (2010) The global potential for whale watching. Mar Policy 34:1273–1278CrossRef Cisneros-Montemayor AM, Sumaila UR, Kaschner K, Pauly D (2010) The global potential for whale watching. Mar Policy 34:1273–1278CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cloke P, Perkins HC (2005) Cetacean performance and tourism in Kaikoura, New Zealand. Environ Plann D: Soc Space 23(6):903–924CrossRef Cloke P, Perkins HC (2005) Cetacean performance and tourism in Kaikoura, New Zealand. Environ Plann D: Soc Space 23(6):903–924CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen E (2009) The wild and the humanized: animals in Thai tourism. Anatolia 20(1):100–118CrossRef Cohen E (2009) The wild and the humanized: animals in Thai tourism. Anatolia 20(1):100–118CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen E (2012) Tiger tourism: from shooting to petting. Tourism Recreat Res 37(3):193–204CrossRef Cohen E (2012) Tiger tourism: from shooting to petting. Tourism Recreat Res 37(3):193–204CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen E (2014) Recreational hunting: ethics, experiences and commoditization. Tourism Recreat Res 39(1):3–17CrossRef Cohen E (2014) Recreational hunting: ethics, experiences and commoditization. Tourism Recreat Res 39(1):3–17CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Constantine R, Bejder L (2008) Managing the whale- and dolphin-watching industry: time for a paradigm shift. In: Higham JE, Lück M (eds) Marine wildlife and tourism management: insights from the natural and social sciences. CABI, London, pp 321–334 Constantine R, Bejder L (2008) Managing the whale- and dolphin-watching industry: time for a paradigm shift. In: Higham JE, Lück M (eds) Marine wildlife and tourism management: insights from the natural and social sciences. CABI, London, pp 321–334
Zurück zum Zitat Curtin S (2005) Nature, wild animals and tourism: an experiential view. J Ecotourism 4(1):1–15CrossRef Curtin S (2005) Nature, wild animals and tourism: an experiential view. J Ecotourism 4(1):1–15CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Curtin S (2010) What makes for memorable wildlife encounters? Revelations from ‘serious’ wildlife tourists. J Ecotour 9(2):149–168CrossRef Curtin S (2010) What makes for memorable wildlife encounters? Revelations from ‘serious’ wildlife tourists. J Ecotour 9(2):149–168CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat DeMares R (2000) Human peak experience triggered by encounters with cetaceans. Anthrozoos 13(2):89–103CrossRef DeMares R (2000) Human peak experience triggered by encounters with cetaceans. Anthrozoos 13(2):89–103CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Einarsson N (2009) From good to eat yo good to watch: whale watching, adaptation and change in Icelandic fishing communities. Polar Res 28(1):129–138CrossRef Einarsson N (2009) From good to eat yo good to watch: whale watching, adaptation and change in Icelandic fishing communities. Polar Res 28(1):129–138CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fennell DA (2012) Tourism and animal ethics. Routledge, New York Fennell DA (2012) Tourism and animal ethics. Routledge, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Filby NE, Stockin KA, Scarpaci C (2015) Social science as a vehicle to improve dolphin-swim tour operation compliance? Mar Policy 51:40–47CrossRef Filby NE, Stockin KA, Scarpaci C (2015) Social science as a vehicle to improve dolphin-swim tour operation compliance? Mar Policy 51:40–47CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Finkler W, Higham J (2004) The human dimensions of whale watching: an analysis based on viewing platforms. Hum Dimensions Wildl 9(2):103–117CrossRef Finkler W, Higham J (2004) The human dimensions of whale watching: an analysis based on viewing platforms. Hum Dimensions Wildl 9(2):103–117CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Guerra M, Dawson SM (2016) Boat-based tourism and bottlenose dolphins in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand: the role of management in decreasing dolphin-boat interactions. Tourism Manage 57:3–9CrossRef Guerra M, Dawson SM (2016) Boat-based tourism and bottlenose dolphins in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand: the role of management in decreasing dolphin-boat interactions. Tourism Manage 57:3–9CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hall CM, Valentin A (2005) Content analysis. In: Ritchie B, Burns P, Palmer C (eds) Tourism research methods. CABI, Oxfordshire, pp 191–209 Hall CM, Valentin A (2005) Content analysis. In: Ritchie B, Burns P, Palmer C (eds) Tourism research methods. CABI, Oxfordshire, pp 191–209
Zurück zum Zitat Hall DR, Brown F (2006) Tourism and welfare: ethics, responsibility and sustained well-being. CABI, OxfordshireCrossRef Hall DR, Brown F (2006) Tourism and welfare: ethics, responsibility and sustained well-being. CABI, OxfordshireCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Higginbottom K (2004) Wildlife tourism: an introduction. In: Higginbottom K (ed) Wildlife tourism: impacts, management and planning. Common Ground Publishing in Assocation with the CRC for Sustainable Tourism, Gold Coast Australia, pp 1–14 Higginbottom K (2004) Wildlife tourism: an introduction. In: Higginbottom K (ed) Wildlife tourism: impacts, management and planning. Common Ground Publishing in Assocation with the CRC for Sustainable Tourism, Gold Coast Australia, pp 1–14
Zurück zum Zitat Higham JE, Carr AM (2003) Sustainable wildlife tourism in New Zealand: an analysis of visitor experiences. Hum Dimensions Wildl 8(1):25–36CrossRef Higham JE, Carr AM (2003) Sustainable wildlife tourism in New Zealand: an analysis of visitor experiences. Hum Dimensions Wildl 8(1):25–36CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoyt E (1995) The worldwide value and extent of whale watching 1995. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, Bath, UK Hoyt E (1995) The worldwide value and extent of whale watching 1995. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, Bath, UK
Zurück zum Zitat Hoyt E (2000) Whale watching 2000: worldwide tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding socioeconomic benefits. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Crowborough, UK Hoyt E (2000) Whale watching 2000: worldwide tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding socioeconomic benefits. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Crowborough, UK
Zurück zum Zitat Hoyt E (2001) Whale watching 2001: world tourism numbers, expenditures, and expanding socioeconomic benefits. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth, MA Hoyt E (2001) Whale watching 2001: world tourism numbers, expenditures, and expanding socioeconomic benefits. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth, MA
Zurück zum Zitat Hoyt E, Hvenegaard GT (2002) A rewiev of whale-watching and whaling with applications for the Caribbean. Coast Manage 30(4):381–399CrossRef Hoyt E, Hvenegaard GT (2002) A rewiev of whale-watching and whaling with applications for the Caribbean. Coast Manage 30(4):381–399CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat International Whaling Commission (1994) Forty-fifth report of the International Whaling Commission. IWC, Cambridge International Whaling Commission (1994) Forty-fifth report of the International Whaling Commission. IWC, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Higham JES, Bejder L, Allen SJ, Corkeron PJ, Lusseau D (2016) Managing whale-watching as a non-lethal consumptive activity. J Sustain Tourism 24(1):73–90 Higham JES, Bejder L, Allen SJ, Corkeron PJ, Lusseau D (2016) Managing whale-watching as a non-lethal consumptive activity. J Sustain Tourism 24(1):73–90
Zurück zum Zitat Kalof L (2007) Looking at animals in human history. Reaktion Books, London Kalof L (2007) Looking at animals in human history. Reaktion Books, London
Zurück zum Zitat Kellert SR, Berry JK (1987) Attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors toward wildlife as affected by gender. Wildl Soc Bull 15(3):363–371 Kellert SR, Berry JK (1987) Attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors toward wildlife as affected by gender. Wildl Soc Bull 15(3):363–371
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JH, Ritchie JRB, McCormick B (2012) Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experience. J Travel Res 51(1):12–25CrossRef Kim JH, Ritchie JRB, McCormick B (2012) Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experience. J Travel Res 51(1):12–25CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Markwell K (ed) (2015) Animals and tourism: understanding diverse relationships. Aspects of tourism, vol 67. Channel View Publications, Bristol Markwell K (ed) (2015) Animals and tourism: understanding diverse relationships. Aspects of tourism, vol 67. Channel View Publications, Bristol
Zurück zum Zitat New LF, Hall AJ, Harcourt R, Kaufman G, Parsons ECM, Pearson HC, Cosentino AM, Schick RS (2015) The modelling and assessment of whale-watching impacts. Ocean Coast Manage 115:10–16CrossRef New LF, Hall AJ, Harcourt R, Kaufman G, Parsons ECM, Pearson HC, Cosentino AM, Schick RS (2015) The modelling and assessment of whale-watching impacts. Ocean Coast Manage 115:10–16CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Notzke C (2014) Wild horse-based tourism as wildlife tourism: the wild horse as the other. Curr Issues Tourism 19(12):1235–1259CrossRef Notzke C (2014) Wild horse-based tourism as wildlife tourism: the wild horse as the other. Curr Issues Tourism 19(12):1235–1259CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat O’Connor S, Campell R, Cortez H, Knowles T (2009) Whale watching worldwide: tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding economic benefits. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth, MA O’Connor S, Campell R, Cortez H, Knowles T (2009) Whale watching worldwide: tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding economic benefits. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth, MA
Zurück zum Zitat O’Neill F, Barnard S, Lee D (2004) Best practice and interpretation in tourist/wildlife encounters: a wild dolphin swim tour example. Wildlife tourism research report, No 25. Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland O’Neill F, Barnard S, Lee D (2004) Best practice and interpretation in tourist/wildlife encounters: a wild dolphin swim tour example. Wildlife tourism research report, No 25. Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland
Zurück zum Zitat Orams MB (1996) Using interpretation to manage nature-based tourism. J Sustain Tourism 4(2):81–94CrossRef Orams MB (1996) Using interpretation to manage nature-based tourism. J Sustain Tourism 4(2):81–94CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Orams MB (1997) The effectiveness of environmental education: can we turn tourists into ‘greenies’? Prog Tourism Hosp Res 3(4):295–306CrossRef Orams MB (1997) The effectiveness of environmental education: can we turn tourists into ‘greenies’? Prog Tourism Hosp Res 3(4):295–306CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Orams MB (2000) Tourist getting close to whales, is it what whale-watching is all about? Tourism Manage 21(6):561–569CrossRef Orams MB (2000) Tourist getting close to whales, is it what whale-watching is all about? Tourism Manage 21(6):561–569CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Orams MB (2001) From whale hunting to whale watching in Tonga: a sustainable future? J Sustain Tourism 9(2):128–146CrossRef Orams MB (2001) From whale hunting to whale watching in Tonga: a sustainable future? J Sustain Tourism 9(2):128–146CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Orams MB (2002) Feeding wildlife as a tourism attraction: a review of the issues and impacts. Tourism Manage 23(3):281–293CrossRef Orams MB (2002) Feeding wildlife as a tourism attraction: a review of the issues and impacts. Tourism Manage 23(3):281–293CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Orams MB, Forestell PH (1995) From whale harvesting to whale watching: Tangalooma 30 years on. Recent Adv Mar Sci Technol 94:667–673 Orams MB, Forestell PH (1995) From whale harvesting to whale watching: Tangalooma 30 years on. Recent Adv Mar Sci Technol 94:667–673
Zurück zum Zitat Parsons ECM, Warburton CA, Woods-Ballard A, Hughes A, Johnston P (2003a) The value of conserving whales: the impacts of cetacean-related tourism on the economy of rural West Scotland. Aquat Conserv 13(5):397–415CrossRef Parsons ECM, Warburton CA, Woods-Ballard A, Hughes A, Johnston P (2003a) The value of conserving whales: the impacts of cetacean-related tourism on the economy of rural West Scotland. Aquat Conserv 13(5):397–415CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Parsons ECM, Warburton CA, Woods-Ballard A, Hughes A, Johnston P, Bates H, Lück M (2003b) Whale-watching tourists in West Scotland. J Ecotourism 2(2):93–113CrossRef Parsons ECM, Warburton CA, Woods-Ballard A, Hughes A, Johnston P, Bates H, Lück M (2003b) Whale-watching tourists in West Scotland. J Ecotourism 2(2):93–113CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pearce PL (1988) The ulysses factor: evaluating visitors in tourist settings. Springer-Verlag, New YorkCrossRef Pearce PL (1988) The ulysses factor: evaluating visitors in tourist settings. Springer-Verlag, New YorkCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pratt S, Suntikul W (2016) Can marine wildlife tourism provide an ‘edutaining’ experience? J Travel Tourism Mark 33(6):867–884CrossRef Pratt S, Suntikul W (2016) Can marine wildlife tourism provide an ‘edutaining’ experience? J Travel Tourism Mark 33(6):867–884CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reynolds PC, Braithwaite D (2001) Towards a conceptual framework for wildlife tourism. Tourism Manage 22(1):31–42CrossRef Reynolds PC, Braithwaite D (2001) Towards a conceptual framework for wildlife tourism. Tourism Manage 22(1):31–42CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shackley M (1996) Wildlife tourism. International Thomson Business Press, London Shackley M (1996) Wildlife tourism. International Thomson Business Press, London
Zurück zum Zitat Shani A (2013) Differentiating settings of tourist-animal interactions: an anthrozoological perspective. Tourism Recreat Res 38(1):104–107CrossRef Shani A (2013) Differentiating settings of tourist-animal interactions: an anthrozoological perspective. Tourism Recreat Res 38(1):104–107CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shani A, Pizam A (2009) Tourists’ attitudes toward the use of animals in tourist attractions. Tourism Anal 14(1):85–101CrossRef Shani A, Pizam A (2009) Tourists’ attitudes toward the use of animals in tourist attractions. Tourism Anal 14(1):85–101CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stepchenkova S (2012) Content analysis. In: Dwyer L, Gill A, Seetaram N (eds) Handbook of research methods in tourism: quantitative and qualitative approaches. Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, pp 443–457 Stepchenkova S (2012) Content analysis. In: Dwyer L, Gill A, Seetaram N (eds) Handbook of research methods in tourism: quantitative and qualitative approaches. Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, pp 443–457
Zurück zum Zitat Sun X (2014) A content analysis of ecotourism attributes of New Zealand whale and dolphin watching operators’ presence on the Internet. Unpublished master thesis of International Tourism Management, School of Hospitality and Tourism, Auckland University, New Zealand Sun X (2014) A content analysis of ecotourism attributes of New Zealand whale and dolphin watching operators’ presence on the Internet. Unpublished master thesis of International Tourism Management, School of Hospitality and Tourism, Auckland University, New Zealand
Zurück zum Zitat Tribe A, Booth R (2003) Assessing the role of zoos in wildlife conservation. Hum Dimensions Wildl 8(1):65–74CrossRef Tribe A, Booth R (2003) Assessing the role of zoos in wildlife conservation. Hum Dimensions Wildl 8(1):65–74CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tung VWS, Ritchie JRB (2011) Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Ann Tourism Res 38(4):1367–1386CrossRef Tung VWS, Ritchie JRB (2011) Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Ann Tourism Res 38(4):1367–1386CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Valentine PS, Birtles A, Curnock M, Arnold P, Dunstan A (2004) Getting closer to whales-passenger expectations and experiences and the management of swim with dwarf minke whale interactions in the Great Barrier Reef. Tourism Manage 25(6):647–655CrossRef Valentine PS, Birtles A, Curnock M, Arnold P, Dunstan A (2004) Getting closer to whales-passenger expectations and experiences and the management of swim with dwarf minke whale interactions in the Great Barrier Reef. Tourism Manage 25(6):647–655CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wearing SL, Cunningham PA, Schweinsberg S, Jobberns C (2014) Whale watching as ecotourism: how sustainable is it? Cosmopolitan Civil Soc J 6(1):38–55 Wearing SL, Cunningham PA, Schweinsberg S, Jobberns C (2014) Whale watching as ecotourism: how sustainable is it? Cosmopolitan Civil Soc J 6(1):38–55
Zurück zum Zitat Webber S, Carter M, Smith W, Vetere F (2016) Interactive technology and human–animal encounters at the zoo. Int J Hum-Comput Stud (in press) Webber S, Carter M, Smith W, Vetere F (2016) Interactive technology and human–animal encounters at the zoo. Int J Hum-Comput Stud (in press)
Zurück zum Zitat Woods-Ballard AJ, Parsons ECM, Hughes AJ, Velander KA, Ladle RJ, Warburton CA (2003) The sustainability of whale-watching in Scotland. J Sustain Tourism 11(1):40–55CrossRef Woods-Ballard AJ, Parsons ECM, Hughes AJ, Velander KA, Ladle RJ, Warburton CA (2003) The sustainability of whale-watching in Scotland. J Sustain Tourism 11(1):40–55CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yagi C (2001) How tourists see other tourists: analysis of online travelogues. J Tourism Stud 12(2):22–31 Yagi C (2001) How tourists see other tourists: analysis of online travelogues. J Tourism Stud 12(2):22–31
Metadaten
Titel
Whale and Dolphin Watching, and Visitors’ Experiential Responses: A Qualitative Study on Comments in a Travel Forum
verfasst von
Serhat Harman
S. Emre Dilek
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55574-4_11