nach oben

Erschienen in:

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Wire Arc Spraying

verfasst von : Pierre L. Fauchais, Joachim V. R. Heberlein, Maher I. Boulos

Erschienen in: Thermal Spray Fundamentals

Verlag: Springer US

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Wire arc spraying is the oldest thermal spray process, having been patented in the USA in 1915 [1]. However, only since the 1960s, there has been progress in expanding the applications based on improvements of the understanding of the essentials of the process using systematic studies with high time resolution [2]. This expansion has accelerated over the past twenty years with several significant improvements in the equipment and processes [3, 4].

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel R.F. Induction Plasma Spraying

Nächstes Kapitel Plasma-Transferred Arc

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Schoop MU (1915) Apparatus for spraying molten metal and other fusible substances. US Patent No. 1,133,507

Steffens HD (1966) Metallurgical changes in the arc spraying of steel. Br Welding J 13(10):597–605

Steffens HD, Babiak Z, Wewel M (1990) Recent developments in arc spraying. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 18(6):974–979CrossRef

Marantz D, Marantz D (1990) State of the art arc spray technology. In: Bernecki TF (ed) Proceedings of the thermal spray research and applications proceedings of the 3rd national thermal spray conference, Long Beach, California. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 113–118

Lester T (2005) Metallized coatings application, an overview of the flame-and arc-spraying processes used for surface finishing. Organ Finishing July/August:35–38

Liu X (2001) Arc spraying in China. J Therm Spray Technol 10(1):40–43CrossRef

Wang R, Song D, Liu W, He X (2010) Effect of arc spraying power on the microstucture and mechanical properties of Zn-Al coating deposited onto carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Appl Surf Sci 257:203–209CrossRef

Varis T, Rajamake E (2002) Effect of the nozzle design and atomization gas on the properties of the electric arc sprayed Ni18Cr6A12Mn-coatings. In: Lugscheider E (ed) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference Tagungsband conference proceedings, Essen. ASM Thermal Spray Society, Materials Park, OH, pp 550–552

Chang CH, Jeng MC, Su CY, Huang TS (2011) A study of wear and corrosion resistance of arc-sprayed Ni-Ti composite coatings. J Therm Spray Technol 20(6):1278–1285CrossRef

10.

Sakoda N, Hida M, Takemoto Y, Sakakibara A, Tajiri T (2003) Influence of atomoization gas on coating properties under Ti arc spraying. Mater Sci Eng A342:264–269CrossRef

11.

Sampson ER (1993) The economics of arc vs. plasma spray for aircraft components. In: Berndt CC, Bernecki TF (eds) Proceedings of the 5th national thermal spray conference, Anaheim, CA. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 257–262

12.

Zajchowski P, Crapo HB (1669) Evaluation of three dual-wire electric arc-sprayed coatings: industrial note. J Therm Spray Technol 5(4):457–462CrossRef

13.

Nakagawa M, Shimoda K, Tomoda T, Koyama M, Ishikawa Y, Nakajima T (1990) Development of mass production technology of arc spraying for automotive engine aluminum alloy valve lifters. In: Proceedings of the 3rd national thermal spray conference, pp 457–464

14.

Marantz DR, Kowalsky KA, Marantz D (1991) Wire-arc-plasma spray process—basic principles and its versatility. In: Bernecki TF (ed) Proceedings of the fourth national thermal spray conference, Pittsburgh, PA. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 381–387

15.

Cook D, Zaluzec M, Kowalsky KA (2003) Development of thermal spray for automotive cylinder bores. In: Marple B, Moreau C (eds) Proceedings of the 2003 international thermal spray conference, Orlando, FL. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 143–147

16.

Zhang ZL, Li DY, Wang SY (2006) High temperature performance of arc-sprayed aluminum bronze coatings for steel. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc 16:868–872CrossRef

17.

Cooke K, Oliver G, Buchanan V, Palmer N (2007) Optimization of the electric wire arc-spraying process for improved wear resistance of sugar mill roller shells. Surf Coat Technol 202:185–188CrossRef

18.

Chen Y, Liang X, Wei S, Liu Y, Xu B (2009) Heat treatment induced intermetallic phase transition of arc-sprayed coating prepared by the wires combination of aluminum-cathode and steel-anode. Appl Surf Sci 255:8299–8304CrossRef

19.

Wilden J, Bergmann JP, Jahn S, Knapp S, van Rodijnen F, Fischer G (2007) Investigation about the chrome steel wire arc spray process and the resulting coating properties. J Therm Spray Technol 16(5–6):759–767CrossRef

20.

Laika A, Chakravarthyb DP, Kale GB (2005) On characterisation of wire-arc-plasma-sprayed Ni on alumina substrate. Mater Charact 55:118–126CrossRef

21.

Fang JC, Xu WJ, Zhao ZY (2005) Arc spray forming. J Mater Process Technol 164–165:1032–1037CrossRef

22.

Grant PS, Duncan SR, Roche A, Johnson CF (2006) Scientific, technological, and economic aspects of rapid tooling by electric arc spray forming. In: Marple B, Hyland MM, Lau Y-C, Lima RS, Voyer J (eds) Proceedings of the 2006 international thermal spray conference, Seattle, Washington, vol 4. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 796–801

23.

Newbery AP, Grant PS (2009) Arc sprayed steel: microstructure in severe substrate features. J Therm Spray Technol 18(2):256CrossRef

24.

Sampson ER, Zwetsloot MP (1997) Arc spray process for the aircraft and stationary gas turbine industry. J Therm Spray Technol 6(2):150–152CrossRef

25.

Tillmann W, Vogli E, Abdulgader M (2008) Asymmetric melting behavior in twin wire arc spraying with cored wires. J Therm Spray Technol 17(5–6):974–982CrossRef

26.

Tillmann W, Vogli E, Abdulgader M, Gurris M, Kuzmin D, Turek S (2008) Particle behavior during the arc spraying process with cord wires. J Therm Spray Technol 17(5–6):966–973CrossRef

27.

Pokhmurskii V, Student M, Dovhuny V, Sydorak I, Pokhmurska H (2002) Wear resistance arc-sprayed coating from power wires. In: Lugscheider E (ed) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference, Essen. ASM Thermal Spray Society, Materials Park, OH, pp 559–562

28.

Zhao L, Fu B, He D, Kutschmann P (2009) Development of a new wear resistant coating by arc spraying of a steel-based cored wire. Front Mech Eng 4(1):1–4CrossRef

29.

Meng FJ, Xu BS, Zhu S, Ma SN, Zhang W (2005) Oxidation performance of Fe-AI/WC composite coatings produced by high velocity arc spraying. J Cent South Univ Technol 12(2):222–225CrossRef

30.

Fang JY, Li ZX, Jiang JM, Shi YW (2007) Difference in particle characteristics and coating properties between spraying metallic and ceramic powder cored wires. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc 17:537–542CrossRef

31.

Fang JJ, Li ZX, Shi YW (2008) Microstructure and properties of TiB2 containing coatings prepared by arc spraying. Appl Surf Sci 254:3849–3858CrossRef

32.

Pokhmurska H, Dovhunykb V, Studentb M, Bielanskac E, Beltowska E (2002) Tribological properties of arc sprayed coatings obtained from FeCrB and FeCr-based powder wires. Surf Coat Technol 151–152:490–494CrossRef

33.

Skoblo TS, Vlasovets VM, Moroz VV (2001) Structure and distribution of components in the wroking layers upon reconditioning of parts by electric-arc metallization. Metal Sci Heat Treatment 43(11–12):497–500CrossRef

34.

He D, Dong N, Jiang J (2007) Corrosion behavior of arc sprayed nickel-based b coatings. J Therm Spray Technol 16(5–6):850–586CrossRef

35.

Luo LM, Liu SG, Yu J, Luo J, Li J (2010) Effect of AI content on high temperature erosion properties of arc-sprayed FeMnCrAI/Cr₃C₂ coatings. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc 20:201–206CrossRef

36.

Luo LM, Yu J, Liu SG, Li J (2010) Thermal shock resistance of FeMnCr-Cr3C2 coatings deposited by arc spraying. J Wuhan Univ Technol Mater Sci April:243–247

37.

Halter K, Sickinger A, Zysset L, Siegmann S (2003) Low pressure wire arc and vacuum plasma spraying of NiTi shape memory alloys. In: Marple B, Moreau C (eds) Proceedings of the 2003 international thermal spray conference, Orlando, FL. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 289–295

38.

Wang X, Heberlein J, Pfender E, Gerberich W (1999) Effect of nozzle configuration, gas pressure and gas type on coating properties in wire arc spray. J Therm Spray Technol 8(4):565–575CrossRef

39.

Hussary NA, Heberlein J (2001) Atomization and particle jet interactions in the wire-arc spaying process. J Therm Spray Technol 10(4):604–610CrossRef

40.

Hussary NA, Heberlein J (2007) Effect of system parameters on metal breakup and particle formation in the wire arc spray process. J Therm Spray Technol 16(1):140–152CrossRef

41.

Sheard J, Heberlein J, Stelson K, Pfender E (1997) Diagnostic development for control of wire-arc spraying. In: Berndt CC (ed) Proceedings of 1st united thermal spray conference, Indianapolis, IN. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 613–618

42.

Hussary NA (1999) Fluid dynamic investigations of wire arc spraying process. MS Thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

43.

Chigier N (1981) Energy, combustion and environment. McGraw Hill, New York, NY

44.

Mansour A, Chigier N (1990) Disintegration of liquid sheets. Phys Fluids A 2(5):706–719CrossRef

45.

Hussary NA (2003) Investigations into the wire arc spray process. University of Minnesota

46.

Wang X, Heberlein J, Pfender E, Gerberich W (1995) Enhancement of coating uniformity with secondary gas atomization in wire arc spray. In: Heberlein J, Ernie DW, Roberts JT (eds) Proceedings of the 12th international symposium on plasma chemistry, Minneapolis, MN. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, pp 907–913

47.

Liao H, Zhu YL, Bolot R, Coddet C, Ma SN (2005) Size distribution of particles from individual wires and the effects of nozzle geometry in twin wire arc spraying. Surf Coat Technol 200:2123–2130CrossRef

48.

Planche MP, Lakat A, Liao H, Coddet C (2003) Investigations of in-flight particle characteristics through DPV measurements and correlation with impact analysis and coating properties. In: Marple B, Moreau C (eds) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference, Orlando, FL. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 1175–1182

49.

Pourmousa A, Mostaghimi J, Abedini A, Chandra S (2005) Particle size distribution in a wire-arc spraying system. J Therm Spray Technol 14(4):502–510CrossRef

50.

Watanabe T, Sato T, Nezu A (2002) Electrode phenomena investigation of wire arc spraying for preparation of Ti-Al intermetallic compounds. Thin Solid Films 407:98–103CrossRef

51.

Kawase R, Kureishi M, Minehisa S (1984) Relation between arc spraying condition and adhesive strength of sprayed coating. Trans Jpn Welding Soc 15(2):27–33

52.

Kawase R, Kureishi M, Maehara K (1984) Arc phenomena and wire fusion in arc spraying. Trans Jpn Welding Soc 15(2):34–39

53.

Kawase R, Kureishi M (1985) Fused metal temperature in arc spraying. Trans Jpn Welding Soc 16(1):82–88

54.

Kawase R, Kureishi M (1985) Relation between adhesion strength of arc sprayed coating and fused metal temperature. Trans Jpn Welding Soc 16(2):69–73

55.

Hussary NA, Schein J, Heberlein J (1999) Control of jet convergence in wire arc spray systems. In: Lugscheider E, Kammer PA (eds) Proceedings of the united thermal spray conference, Düsseldorf, Germany. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 335–339

56.

Wang X, Heberlein J, Pfender E, Gerberich W (1996) Effect of gas velocity and particle velocity on coating adhesion in wire arc spraying. In: Berndt CC (ed) Proceedings of 9th national thermal spray conference, Cincinnati, OH. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 807–811

57.

Pourmousa A, Abedini A, Mostaghimi J, Chandra S (2004) Particle diagnostics in wire-arc spraying system. In: Ohmori A (ed) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference Osaka, Japan. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 962–967

58.

Jandin G, Planche M-P, Liao H, Coddet C (2002) Relationships between in-flight particle characteristics and coating microstructure for the twin wire arc spray process. In: Lugscheider E (ed) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference, Essen. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 954–959

59.

Planche M-P, Liao H, Coddet C (2004) Relatioship between in-flight particle characteristics and coating microstructure with a twin wire arc spray process and different working conditions. Surf Coat Technol 182(2–3):215–226CrossRef

60.

Wilden J, Bergmann JP, Jahn S, Knapp S, van Rodijnen F, Fischer G (2007) Investigation about the chrome steel wire arc spray process and the resulting coating properties. In: Marple B, Hyland M, Lau YC, Li CJ, Lima RS, Montavon G (eds) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference, Beijing, People’s Republic of China. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 759–767

61.

Mohanty PS, Allor R, Lechowicz P, Parker RA, Craig JE (2003) Particle temperature and velocity characterization in spray tooling process by thermal imaging technique. In: Marple B, Moreau C (eds) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference, Orlando, FL. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 1183–1190

62.

Watanabe T, Wang X, Heberlein J, Pfender E, Herwig W (1996) Voltage and current fluctuations in wire arc spraying as indications for coating properties. In: Berndt CC (ed) Proceedings of 9th national thermal spray conference, Cincinnati, OH. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 577–583

63.

Wang X, Heberlein J, Pfender E, Gerberich W (1995) Effect of shrouded CO₂ gas atomization on coating properties in wire arc spray. In: Berndt CC, Sampath S (eds) Proceedings of the 8th national thermal spray conference, Houston, TX. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 31–37

64.

Steffens HD, Nasenstein K (1999) Influence of spray velocity on arc-sprayed coating structures. J Therm Spray Technol 8(3):454–460CrossRef

65.

Watanabe T, Wang X, Heberlein J, Pfender E (1995) Fume generation mechanism in wire arc spraying. In: Heberlein J, Ernie DW, Roberts JT (eds) Proceedings of the 12th international symposium on plasma chemistry, Minneapolis, MN. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, pp 889–894

66.

Kelkar M, Heberlein J (2000) Physics of an arc in cross flow. J Phys D Appl Phys 33:2172–2182CrossRef

67.

Kelkar M, Heberlein J (2002) Wire-arc spray modeling. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 22(1):1–25CrossRef

68.

Kelkar M, Hussary NA, Schein J, Heberlein J (1998) Optical diagnostics and modeling of gas and droplet flow in wire arc spraying. In: Coddet C (ed) Proceedings of the 15th international thermal spray conference, Nice, France. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 329–324

69.

Hsiang LP, Faeth GM (1992) Near-limit drop deformation and secondary breakup. Int J Multiphase Flow 18:635–652CrossRef

70.

Bolot R, Bonnet R, Jandin G, Coddet C (2001) Application of CAD to CFD for the wire arc spray process. In: Berndt CC, Khor KA, Lugscheider E (eds) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference, Singapore. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 889–894

71.

Gedzevicius I, Bolot R, Liao H, Coddet C (2003) Application of CFD for wire-arc nozzle geometry improvement. In: Marple B, Moreau C (eds) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference, Orlando, FL. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 977–980

72.

Bolot R, Planche M-P, Liao H, Coddet C (2008) A three-dimensional model of the wire-arc spray process and its experimental validation. J Mater Process Technol:94–105

73.

Kowalsky KA, Marantz DR, Herman H (1991) Characterization of coatings produced by the wire-arc-plasma spray process. In: Bernecki TF (ed) Proceedings of the fourth national thermal spray conference, Pittsburgh, PA. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 389–394

74.

Steffens HD, Wewel M (1991) One wire vacuum arc spraying-a new modified process. In: Bernecki TF (ed) Proceedings of the fourth national thermal spray conference, Pittsburgh, PA. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 395–398

75.

Steffens HD, Nassenstein K (1994) Recent developments in single-wire vacuum arc spraying. J Therm Spray Technol 3(4):412–417CrossRef

76.

Carlson RR, Heberlein J, Hussary NA, Shi K (2000) High-definition single-wire-arc-spray. In: Berndt CC (ed) Proceedings of the 1st international thermal spray conference, Montreal, QBC. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 709–716

77.

Carlson RR, Heberlein J (2001) Effects of operating parameters on high definition single wire arc spraying. In: Berndt CC, Khor KA, Lugscheider E (eds) Proceedings of the international thermal spray conference, Singapore. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 447–453

78.

Carlson RR, Heberlein JVR (2002) Single-wire arc spray apparatus and methods for using same. US Patent No. 6,610,959 B2

79.

Kowalsky KA, Marantz DR, Neiser R, Smith MF (1992) Diagnostic behavior of the wire-arc-plasma spray process. In: Berndt CC (ed) Proceedings of the thermal spray: international advances in coatings technology, Orlando, FL. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 337–342

80.

McCune RC Jr, Reatherford LV, Zaluzec M (1993) Thermally spraying metal/solid lubricant composites using wire feedstock. US Patent No. 5,194,304

81.

Carlson RR (2005) Single wire arc spray. University of Minnesota

82.

Benary R (2000) Thermal spray gun extension and gas jet member therefore. US Patent No. 6,091,042

83.

Dunkerley JP, Friedrich TA, Irons G (1999) Apparatus for rotary spraying a metallic coating. US Patent No. 5,908,670

84.

Bolot R, Liao H, Mateus C, Coddet C, Bordes J-M (2007) Optimization of a rotating twin wire-arc spray gun. In: Marple B, Hyland MM, Lau Y-C, Li C-J, Lima RS, Montavon G (eds) Proceedings of the 2007 international thermal spray conference, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, vol 5–6. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp 783–790

85.

Benary R, Margolies J, Gutleber J (1999) A study and comparison of spray stream formation using two wire arc 90-degree, and 0-degree spray processes. In: Lugsheider E, Kammer PA (eds) Proceedings of the united thermal spray conference, Dusseldorf. ASM Thermal Spray Society, Materials Park, OH, pp 242–246

Titel: Wire Arc Spraying
verfasst von: Pierre L. Fauchais
Joachim V. R. Heberlein
Maher I. Boulos
Verlag: Springer US
Buch: Thermal Spray Fundamentals
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-28319-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-0-387-68991-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68991-3_9

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht